Ukugaya izimbungulu kusakaza isifo seCasgas.
Ngasekupheleni kuka-2015, ukwesaba isikhala sokumanga kwathinta izingxenye eziningi zeningizimu ye-United States. Ngisho noma izimbungulu zokubanga ziyaziwa ukuthi zenza isifo seChagas eNingizimu neMelika Ephakathi, imibiko yalokhu ukutheleleka e-US yayingakazwakala. Kodwa-ke, manje kubonakala sengathi lezi zinambuzane ezinobungozi ezincane zenze indlela yazo iphendule.
Yini Ukukhawula Izimbungulu?
Ukukhwabanisa izimbungulu kungumhlobo we-triatomine noma i-bug elula ekwazi ukuthwala i-parasite okuthiwa i- Trypanosoma cruzi (T.
Cruzi). Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi akuzona zonke izimbungulu ezizingayo ezikude T. Cruzi . Kunezinhlobo ezingu-11 zezinhlanzi ze-triatomine zitholakala eningizimu ye-United States, kuhlanganise naseFlorida, eTexas naseCalifornia. Ngokuvamile, ukuxuba izimbungulu kungatholakala emazweni angu-28.
Izimbungulu ze-Triatomine zithokoza ebusuku futhi zondla igazi lezilwane ezincelisayo (abantu), izinyoni nezilwane ezinwabuzelayo. Ukukhwabanisa izimbungulu zibiza igama ngoba zivame ukuluma eduze nomlomo womuntu olele. Ngemuva kokudla, ukumanga izimbungulu kungahle kuhambisane nomphathi. Uma umuntu ehlambalaza umlingo wesibindi sokumanga, le nhla, ephethe i-parasite T. Cruzi, ifakwa ekusakazweni kwegazi ngakho-ke ihlasela isifo ngesifo se-Chagas (okungukuthi, i-trypanosomiasis yaseMelika). Ngaphandle kwalokho, uma isikhumba sokumanga sishaya noma siseduze ne-membrane ye-mucus njengeliso noma umlomo, u-T. Cruzi angangena emzimbeni ngaphesheya kwekhanda le-mucus.
Ngokusho kwabacwaningi besifo seChagas eTexas A & M University:
Ukwelashwa nge-Trypanosoma cruzi kungabangela isifo seChagas kubantu, izinja nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo. Ukuzibamba izimbungulu kungadlulisela ama-parasite ngokubamba futhi emva kwalokho ihlukumeze eduze nendawo yokuluma. Ama-parasite ahlala ku-digestive tract of the bugs futhi achithelwa ezigumbini. Uma izifo ezithathelwanayo eziphathekayo eziphathekayo zingcolisa izitho zangasese noma indawo ye-bug bite kulesilwane esiluhlaza, ukudluliselwa kwe-parasite kungenzeka ... I-parasite ingadluliselwa ngo-congenitally, ngegazi, nangokudluliselwa kwezitho ezinesifo.
Ngenhlanhla ngisho nalabo bantu abathandana nezimbungulu zokubanga, ukuhanjiswa kweT. Cruzi ekuhambeni kwezindwendwe kungavamile. Ngamanye amazwi, ngenxa nje yokuthi ukhonjwe yisifo esikhanyelayo akusho ukuthi uzokuhlakulela isifo se-Chagas.
Ukubhula izimbungulu ngokuvamile kuhlala emagqumeni nasezinkambeni zamakhaya nezinye izakhiwo. Lezi zimbungulu zivame ukutholakala ezindlini ezingaphansi komhlaba ezibhekene ne-rodent infestation. Lezi zimbungulu zingatholakala ngaphansi kwamatresi, ezinkukhukhuleni zezinkukhu, ezinkingeni zezinja, ezinqwabeni zamadwala, ezinqwabeni zezinkuni noma emabhulashini, ngaphansi kwamapulangwe, njalonjalo.
Ukuzibamba izimbungulu kufana nezinye izinto eziningi ze-triatomine nezibhungane futhi zivame ukudideka nezimbungulu ezibulalayo kanye nezibungu zamasondo, zombili ezingasondli igazi labantu futhi zingafaki isifo seCasgas. Okuphawulayo, ngokungafani nezinye izimbungulu ezibukeka ezifanayo, ukubhula izimbungulu ngokuvamile kuhlala endlini.
Isifo Se-Chagas
Unyaka ngamunye, cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingu-7 emhlabeni wonke (ikakhulukazi eLatin America) bane-Chagas isifo. Kubantu abaningi, ukutheleleka kungukulinganisela (kuhamba ngokwakhe) futhi kuxazulula emva kwezinyanga ezimbili.
Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zokutheleleka okunzima nge-Chagas isifo zihlanganisa okulandelayo:
- Fever
- Ama-body aches
- Ukuvuvukala kwamajwabu amehlo
- Ukuvuvukala ekumeni
- Izinwele
- Pallor
- Ubuhlungu besifuba
- Ubuhlungu besisu
- Ukuvuvukala kwama-lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy)
Abanye abantu abathintekile nguT. Cruzi abakhombisi izimpawu zesifo esiyingozi. Kodwa-ke, abangaphansi kwesigamu salabo abanesandulela ngculazi baqala ukuthola izimpawu zezifo ezingapheliyo. Lezi zimpawu zingase zibulale futhi zifaka okulandelayo:
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungavamile okungabangela ukufa okungazelelwe
- Inhliziyo ekhulisiwe engabangela ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo
- Ukuxilonga kwe-colon kanye nesifo esithinta izinkinga ngokugaya
- Ingozi eyengeziwe yokushaywa yisifo
- Ingozi eyengeziwe yokuthola i-aneurysm
Ukuze kuvikelwe izinkinga ezinjalo zokusongela impilo, kubalulekile ukuthi isifo se-Chagas siphathwa ngesikhathi sesisindo.
Uma kuthathwa ngokushesha, izidakamizwa zokulwa ne-antiparasitic njenge-benznidazole ne-nifurtimox cishe zingamaphesenti angu-100 aphumelelayo ekuphatheni isifo seCasgas. Kodwa-ke, ukuphumelela kwabo kunciphisa abantu abaye banesifo sengculaza isikhathi esithile. Ukwelashwa ngalezi zidakamizwa kuthatha cishe izinyanga ezimbili, futhi abesifazane abakhulelwe nabantu abanokuhluleka kwezinso noma kwesibindi akufanele bathathe lezi zidakamizwa.
Ukuvimbela Izifo Ze-Chagas
Uma uhlala endaweni lapho kutholakala khona izimbungulu (kumbe, zikhona), ungathatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela ezilandelayo ukunciphisa amandla akho okuvezwa yisifo seCasgas:
- Thola i-exterminator ukuze ufeze indlu ngezinambuzane
- Thola ukuthuthukiswa kwekhaya ukugcwalisa ama-nooks kanye namagrannies lapho izimbungulu zokumanga zivame ukuzifihla
- Londoloza ukuhlanzeka okuhle ikakhulukazi mayelana nokugcinwa kokudla nokusetshenziswa
- Gcina indawo ehlanzekile yokulala
- Gcina imvelo yakho ehlanzekile
Uma usola ukuthi uke waboniswa nezimbungulu zokumanga futhi manje usulelekile ngesifo se-Chagas, xhumana nodokotela ngokushesha bese umtshela ngokukhathazeka kwakho. Sicela ukhumbule ukuthi ukwelashwa kwesifo se-Chagas kuphumelela kakhulu lapho kuqaliswa ekuqaleni kwesigaba esiyinkimbinkimbi sesifo.
Imithombo
I-Kirchhoff LV, i-Rassi A, i-Jr. Chagas Isifo kanye ne-Trypanosomiasis yase-Afrika. Ku: Kasper D, Fauci A, Hauser S, Longo D, Jameson J, Loscalzo J. eds. I-Harrison's Principals of Internal Medicine, 19e . ENew York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2015.
I-Texas A & M University College of Agriculture & Life Sciences. Ukuqabula amabhuga ne-Chagas.