Ukubaluleka kwezokwelapha (kanye ne-pop) okubalulekile kwe-armadillos
Ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi 2015, u-Lady Gaga wehla cishe u-$ 300,000 kuma-pairs amathathu amabhuzu e-armadillo nge-fashion designer wase-Alexander McQueen. (Ngekhulu elikhulu elilodwa, lezi zikhumba zenza uLouboutins abukeke njenge-steal.) Ngokusobala uGaga wayejabule ngokuthengwa kwakhe - okuzuzisa i-UNICEF - futhi kwakufanekiselwa ukugqoka amabhuzu afana nokufana ne-armadillos. Naphezu kokubukeka kwabo, noma kunjalo, amabhuzu akwenziwe ngempela nge-armadillos.
Ngokusobala, zakhiwe nge-python lesikhumba nezinkuni. Ekuqaleni, izikhumba zazibiza ngo- $ 10,000 ngalunye.
Ukuthengwa kuka-Lady Gaga kwangenza ngacabanga nge-armadillos nokubaluleka kwezokwelapha. Ngokuqondile, i-armadillos yilabo kuphela okunye okunye okungekho abantu abakulo mkhuba iMobacterium leprae , amabhaktheriya abangela ukoma noma isifo sikaHansen .
I-Armadillos yizilwane ezitholakala eNingizimu Melika, eMelika Ephakathi, nase-Southeastern United States. I-Armadillos ingalingana namakati amakati, futhi ngokuvumelana nokuziphendukela kwemvelo, afana nama-sloths nama-anteaters. I-Armadillos inemilenze emifushane, ihlombe futhi ihlanganiswe ngegobolondo elikhuni noma i-carapace.
Cishe eminyakeni engaba ngu-40 edlule, abacwaningi ababili okuthiwa i-Kircheimer no-Storrs bathole ukuthi i-armadillos engama-nine, etholakala e-United States, ingaba nesifo sochoko futhi yenza izinhlobo ezinhle zokwenza ucwaningo lwechoko.
I-Armadillos yenza amamodeli amahle okuhlola ucwaningo lwechoko ngezizathu eziningana.
Okokuqala, bancane kakhulu futhi banokuphila okude isikhathi eside. Okwesibili, izinga lokushisa lomzimba wabo liphansi, kanti iMyobacterium leprae ineziqhumane zokushisa okupholile okuchaza ukuthi kungani ukoma kuphazamisa iminwe yabantu nezinzwane. (Iminwe yakho nezinzwane zipholile kunezibani zakho.) Okwesithathu, njengabantu, i- Myobcaterium leprae ingahlasela amangqamuzana e-nerve e-armadillos futhi ngaleyo ndlela idale umonakalo omkhulu wokulimaza nomonakalo.
E-United States, kutholakala amacala angaba ngu-100 achoko ngonyaka - ikakhulukazi eNingizimu, eCalifornia naseHawaii. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiyiphi yalezi zimo ezibangelwa i-armadillos ingabe isetshenziswe; Kodwa-ke, izigameko zamuva zamaphilisi eFlorida, lapho i-armadillos ihlala khona, inabantu abathile abakhathazekile. Eqinisweni, abanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi amaphesenti angaba ngu-64 wezinkinga ezintsha ezinochoko e-United States abangelwa ukuvezwa kwe-armadillos. Ngakho-ke, mhlawumbe umqondo omuhle ukuyeka kude nama-armadillos.
Uchoko aluhambisani kakhulu, futhi kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuthuthukisa lesi sifo - noma kuphi kusukela eminyakeni emibili kuya kweyishumi. Izingane ezivezwa isikhathi eside emalungwini omndeni abashayeli abakhulu be-bacilli ziyingozi kakhulu. Okuphawula, uchoko ludluliselwa ngemfihlo yamanzi. Uchoko luyatholakala nge-skin scrapings ne-biopsy.
Nazi ezinye izimpawu zomtholampilo:
- izilonda zesikhumba noma izilonda ezikhanyayo kunesikhumba esiseduze;
- ukunganaki kwezandla, izinyawo, imilenze nezingalo;
- ubunzima bomzimba.
Ngenxa yokuthi uchoko ludla izinzwa, izilonda zesikhumba ezijwayelekile zesifo azikho ukuzwela ukuthinta, ubuhlungu nokushisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zilonda zesikhumba aziphilisi.
Uchoko luya ngezindlela ezimbili: i- tuberculoid ne- lepromatous . Ukuxilongwa kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwechoko kusekelwe ekuhlolweni kwekhanda leLepromin.
Nakuba zombili izinhlobo zidala izilonda, uchoko olune-lepromatous luhlobene nokuhlaselwa okubi nakakhulu. Ngokuqondile, abantu abanesifo sochoko bangaqhubeka nokuzwa umonakalo omkhulu wesisindo nesisindo (ukulahlekelwa kwezandla nezinyawo).
Isihluthulelo sokwelashwa ngempumelelo kanochoko kuhloswe ngokushesha. Ngokunakekelwa kokuqala, ukuqina nokusabalalisa kwalesi sifo kunciphile, futhi umuntu onesifo angakwazi ukuqhubeka nokuphila impilo enempilo.
Nakuba ezinye izinhlobo ezincane zeMyobacterium leprae ziphikisana nezidakamizwa, okufaka ingozi enkulu kulabo abasemazweni asathuthuka lapho uchoko luvame khona, abantu abaningi bangaphathwa kahle ngalezi zifo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abasebenzisa ukwelashwa kwe-antibiotic isikhathi eside abakwazi ukuthelela abanye.
Nanka amanye ama-antibiotics asetshenziselwa ukwelapha uchoko:
- i-dapsone (ukwelashwa komugqa wokuqala)
- rifampin
- i-clofazimine
- clarithomycin
- i-minocyclin
- i-fluoroquinolones
Ngokuvamile, inhlanganisela yalezi zinambuzane isetshenziselwa ukwelapha uchoko, futhi umuntu onochoko udinga iminyaka eminingi yokwelapha. Ngokuphawula, ukuvuvukala okuhambisana nochoko kuphathwa nge-aspirin, i-steroids, ne-thalidomide.
Qinisekisa ukuthi, amathuba okuba uhlakulele ukwelashwa - ngisho noma uzohlangana ne-armadillo ehlulekayo - iphansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenhlanhla asisekho abantu abanochoko emakoloni abanochoko. Kodwa-ke, uma ngabe ukuthuthukisa izimpawu ezibonisa ukoma, xhumana nodokotela ngokushesha.
Imithombo ekhethiwe
Isihloko esithi "I-armadillo njenge-model model yezilwane kanye ne-reservoir ye-Myobacterium leprae" yi-G Balamayooran nabambhali abambisene nabo abashicilelwe emitholampilo eDermatology ngo-2015. Ukutholakala ngo-7/29/2015.
Brooks GF, Carroll KC, Butel JS, Morse SA, iMetzner TA. Isahluko 23. I-Mycobacteria. Ku: Brooks GF, Carroll KC, Butel JS, Morse SA, Mietzner TA. ama-eds. Jawetz, Melnick, & Adelberg's Medical Microbiology, 26e . ENew York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2013. Ithole ngoJulayi 29, 2015.