Ukusebenzisa i-nutrigenetics ne-nutrigenomics ekusebenzeni kwakho
Ukubaluleka komsoco omuhle wezempilo kuye kwaqashelwa kabanzi. U-Hippocrates wamemezela, " Vumela ukudla kube yimithi yakho futhi imithi ibe yukudla kwakho ." Ngabe odokotela bokuqala bazi kanjani ezingeni elibucayi manje lisetshenziswa ngokucophelela, besebenzisa izindlela zobuchwepheshe zesayensi nezindlela zobuchwepheshe "omic". Kubonakala sengathi kungase kungabi ngokudla ukudla okuhle, kodwa futhi ngokudla ukudla okulungile.
Ukuxhumeka kwezakhi zofuzo kuyisihloko esishisayo kwisayensi yezokwelapha. Ukudla okunomuntu siqu kuvela njengendlela yokwelapha okungenzeka. Ucwaningo oluthile lwezemitholampilo nolwase-preclinical luye lwabonisa ukuthi kungenzeka kanjani le nqubo yombhalo, futhi iziguli ziyanesithakazelo ekuthengiseni izakhi zomzimba.
Kufanele ube njengomtholampilo kanjani kulezi zindlela ezintsha zokunakekelwa kwezempilo? Futhi yiziphi ezinye zezici ongase uthande ukuzicabangela lapho ukhuluma neziguli zakho ngezidlo ezizimele?
Lesi sihloko sinikeza ukuhlolisisa okulinganiselayo kwe-nutrigenomics futhi sihlola ezinye zezinto ezitholakalayo zakamuva zesayensi ensimini ngenjongo yokukusiza uma uhlola ukubaluleka kokusebenza kwe-nutrigenomics.
I-Nutrigenomics-Isayensi Yokusika
Siyazi izakhi zokudla, ama-bacteria, ama-genomics emathunjini kanye ne-physiology zimelela umphakathi oyinkimbinkimbi obaluleke kakhulu empilweni yabantu. Lokho esikudlayo akugcini nje kuphela kuthinta impilo yethu kanye nemetabolism, kodwa futhi kunomthelela ekubunjweni kwegciwane le-gut microbiota kanye nesiginja sezakhi.
I-nutrigenomics yisayensi yasencane-leli gama laqala ukusetshenziswa ngo-2001-elibhekene nokusebenzisana phakathi kokudla kwethu ne-genome. Kungenzeka manje ukutadisha amakhemikhali emvelo ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuxilonga ngokuphathelene nomuntu we-genotype. I-nutrigenomics ibonisa ukuguquka kusuka epidemiology kuya ku-biology yamangqamuzana ne-genetics.
Ngokuqondile, ubheka ukuguqulwa kofuzo okubangelwa izakhi zokudla. Ngenxa yalokho, ihlose ukwenza ngezifiso futhi ubuyekeze ukwelashwa okwakuvame ukuba khona, futhi kusekhona, okuhloswe kuzo zonke izilwane.
Kunemibuzo eminingi engaphenduliwe ngaphakathi kwe-nutrigenomics. Kodwa-ke, ukuxazulula iphazamisi yokudla okunomsoco kungasisondeza ekuthuthukiseni ukudla okunomsoco okungasetshenziswa kanye nezindlela ezivamile zokuphatha nokuvimbela izifo kanye nezimo ezingapheli. Ukutholakala kwe-nutrigenomics kakade kusetshenziselwa izinga elilodwa lokuphatha izifo ezinezinto zokudla, ezifana nesifo sofuba (IBD), isifo sikashukela, ukukhuluphala, nomdlavuza. Ngokucabangela izici zofuzo zomuntu (kanye neminyaka yobudala kanye nendlela yokuphila), singathuthukisa ukuphumelela kokungenelela kokudla okunomsoco.
Ulwazi mayelana nezinzuzo zezakhi ezithile ezithile akude nokusha. Izinkulungwane zeminyaka, imithi yendabuko isebenzisa izitshalo ezihlukahlukene nezakhi zemvelo ezingakwazi ukuzenza njengabathuthukisi bezakhi zofuzo. Ngokwesibonelo, imiphumela ephikisana nomdlavuza we-phytochemicals, etholakala emifino ehlukahlukene nezithelo, manje isaziwa ngokwesayensi. Abacwaningi baveza izindlela zabo ezisebenzayo-isibonelo, umphumela we-antioxidant.
Ucwaningo lokuqala ku-oncology lubonisa ukuthi, uma isetshenziselwa ukuhambisana nemithi yokwelapha, ama-phytochemicals emvelo anganciphisa ubuthi obubangelwa i-radiotherapy noma i-chemotherapy. Ngokufanayo, iMediterranean Diet isithole ukusekelwa okuningi kwesayensi njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela isifo senhliziyo ngenxa yezinto zayo ezilwa nokuvuvukala.
Ukusebenzisa izakhi ezithile ezithize ekwelapheni kwezokwelapha, ke, kuba umkhuba osuselwa ebufakazini. Ngokuvamile iziguli zikhuthazwa ukuba zidla ukudla okucebile ekudleni okutshalwe yizitshalo ngoba kubonakala sengathi lezi zakhi zingabheka izakhi zofuzo ezifaka isandla ekuthuthukiseni izifo ezingapheli futhi zibacindezele.
I-nutrigenomics manje iyaqhubeka isinyathelo, ihlanganisa izincomo ezijwayelekile zokudla nge-genotype yomuntu.
I-nutrigenomics inokunye okufana ne-pharmacogenomics. Kodwa-ke, umehluko wukuthi lo msebenzisi usebenzisa amakhemikhali zokwenza ukuguqula izakhi zofuzo kanti izakhi ze-nutrigenomics zithembele ezintweni zemvelo ezitholakala ekudleni esikudlayo. Ukubuyekezwa okuphelele kwendaba eyashicilelwe ngoJulayi ku- Seminars ku-Cancer Biology ibikezela ukuthi maduzane, izakhi ze-nutrigenomics zizokwazi ukusiza ekuthuthukiseni izidakamizwa ezintsha ngokusekelwe ezintweni zemvelo. Ngakho-ke, okusemandleni kwalesi siyalo cishe kuzanda ngaphezu kwezokudla kanye nokudla komuntu siqu. Isimo esingaba khona sesikhathi esizayo singase sihlanganise ikhishi eline-3-D iphrinta elikhiqiza izidakamizwa nezidakamizwa isiguli esizothatha ekuseni njalo ngekhofi.
Nutrigenetics vs. Nutrigenomics
Umehluko phakathi kwe-nutrigenetics ne-nutrigenomics ivame ukuphazamiseka. U-Yael Joffe noChristine Houghton, amalungu eqembu leManuka Science elifundisa izakhi zezempilo nge-nutrigenomics kanye ne-nutrigenetics, phawula ukuthi le mibandela emibili ingahlukaniswa ngokubheka izenzo zofuzo.
Ku-nutrigenetics, izakhi zofuzo zenza izakhi zemvelo (isib. Ama-enzyme). Ngokuphambene nalokho, ku-nutrigenomics, imvelo ithonya inkulumo yesiginali. Ngamanye amazwi, isithakazelo esiyinhloko se-nutrigenomics yithonya lama-biomolecules ekukhulumeni kwegeni. Lezi zinhlayiya ze-bioactive zingakwazi ukuguqula isisindo noma phansi, ukuyivuselela noma ukuyiyeka, okuvame ukuchazwa njengokushintsha noma ukuvala igciwane.
Lapho ebhekisela kokubili, nutrigenetics kanye ne-nutrigenomics, uJoffe noHorton basikisela ukusebenzisa igama elithi gomics. Izakhi zofuzo zomzimba zithinta ngaphezu kwezivivinyo zofuzo eziqondile ngqo kumthengi, njenge-DNAfit ne-23andme, futhi zihlanganisa nolwazi lwe-biochemistry enempilo ezingasiza ukuqonda impilo kanye nokuvela kwesifo kumuntu othize.
Ngokungabazeki, i-nutrigenetics ne-nutrigenomics ehlangene ingakusiza njengomsebenzi ukuthuthukisa ukungenelela okusebenza kahle kweziguli zakho. Noma kunjalo, lokhu kungase kungabi inqubo eqondile, futhi kufanele nakanjani ucabange ezinye zokulinganiselwa kanye nezingxabano zensimu.
Izinzuzo kanye Nokuzivocavoca kokusebenzisa i-Nutrigenomics ku-Practice Your
Nakuba ochwepheshe abaningi bakholelwa ku-nutrigenomics, akuyona yonke into esebenzayo okwamanje. Ubufakazi obuqinile obuningi bomqondo buyadingeka ngaphambi kokuba kusetshenziswe njalo emisebenzini yomtholampilo. Ucwaningo luqhubeka; Kodwa-ke, kubonakala sengathi okwamanje, izici ezingaziwa zibala kakhulu.
Ngezinye izikhathi kuye kwacatshangwa ukuthi lobu buchwepheshe bezempilo bungase bukhishwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ngaphandle kobufakazi obunzima bokusekela ezinye izitatimende ezenziwe izinkampani ezinikeza ukuhlolwa kwe-nutrigenomics yezentengiselwano.
UChristiana Pavlidis, odla ukudla eYunivesithi yasePatras eGrisi, uthi manje, ama-gene angu-38 avame ukuvivinywa ekuvivinyweni kwe-nutrigenomics yezohwebo ayibonisi inhlangano eqondile nezifo ezihlobene nokudla. U-Pavlidis uyavuma ukuthi kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokucwaninga mayelana nomthelela wezakhi ezakhiweni zezakhi zofuzo kanye namaphrotheni. Nokho, uxwayisa ngokumelene nokwenza izimangalo ezicacile. U-Pavlidis uphakamisa ukuthi ngaphambi kokuhlolwa okusha kutholakale emphakathini, kufanele kube nokuhlolwa okuphelele nokuhlanganiswa kobufakazi.
Isibonelo sokunakekelwa kwezempilo okuhloswe ukuvimbela izifo esekelwe ukwakheka kwezakhi zofuzo kunezinzuzo eziningi. Iyakhathazeka ngokuvimbela izifo esikhundleni sokwelashwa kwesifo. Abanye ochwepheshe abaholayo bacabanga ukuthi ukudla okunomsoco kube "igrafu engcwele" yomuthi wesikhathi esizayo. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuthi uhlale usesikhathini ucwaningo lwamuva emkhakheni.
Ucwaningo, isibonelo, lubonisa ukuthi abantu bahlukana ngokweqile ngokwe-omega-3 fatty acids ngokuya nge-genotype yabo, okusho ukuthi abanye abantu bangase bangazuzi ngokuzithatha. Ucwaningo lwaseCanada oluholwa nguMelanié Plourde oluvela e-Research Centre oluya eSiging eSherbrooke lubonise ukuthi abathwali bokubaluleka kokubangela izakhi ze-Alzheimer's (E4) kubonakala bengengozini enkulu ye-omega-3 futhi bangadinga ukwesekwa ngokuphuthumayo.
Okutholakele kwakamuva kudinga ukuhlanganiswa ngokuqhubekayo ekuhlolweni kwezentengiselwano ze-nutrigenomics futhi kwazise izeluleko zokudla okunempilo ezinikezwa iziguli. Njengomsebenzi wezokwelapha, ungase udingeke ukuba usebenze njengomgcini wesango ohlola ukufaneleka kwezivivinyo ezintsha futhi ulinganise ubuchwepheshe obusha bokuthi "omic" obubhekene namaqiniso wezokwelapha.
Indlela Yokusondela Iziguli Mayelana Nutrigenomics
Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi inani elikhulayo leziguli lifuna ukuhlolwa nezeluleko ze-nutrigenomic. Izingxoxo mayelana ne-nutrigenomics phakathi kwakho neziguli zakho zizobe zivame kakhulu esikhathini esizayo.
Izinkampani ezisekelwe kuwebhu zenza ukwaziswa kofuzo kutholakale neziguli zakho. Kodwa-ke, abathengi bavame ukulahlekelwa ukuqeqeshwa ukuze bahumushe ngokunembile imiphumela yabo yokuhlolwa. Ngakho-ke, ochwepheshe abanolwazi lwe-nutrigenomics bangase basheshe babe yimithombo ebalulekile kakhulu.
Isibonelo, ukuhlolwa kwe-nutrigenomics eqondile kuya kubathengi kungabonisa ukuthi isiguli asikhiqizi i-enzyme egaxa i-lactose. Lokhu akusho ukuthi yilokho ukuthi i-lactose ayibekezelelani njengoba amabhaktheriya abo asetshenziselwa ukubola ubisi. Uma ungakwazi ukuhumusha ngokuphumelelayo imiphumela yokuhlola ye-nutrigenomics yeziguli zakho empilweni yangempela "izixazululo zokudla," lokhu kungase kwengeze emthelela omuhle lolu hlobo lokuhlolwa lunikeza iziguli zakho.
Ukuthola ulwazi olungeziwe kule ndawo kungenzeka kube usizo kumkhuba wakho. Izifundo zokuphothula iziqu ezakhiweni ze-nutrigenomics zezokwelapha zikhona kakade; isibonelo, omunye unikezwa yinkampani yemfundo yeManuka Science.
Indima yakho njengomtholampilo ingase ihilele ukululekisa iziguli ekuhlulekeni kokuhlolwa kwe-nutrigenomics yezentengiselwano. Kuye kwabhalwa ngaphambilini ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA ekhaya-ekhaya kunesimo sokungalungi. Ngokwesibonelo, umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezinkampani kuye kwaphawulwa. Lezi zigameko ezifanayo zisebenza ku-nutrigenetics yezohwebo kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-nutrigenomics kanye.
Iziguli zakho kudingeka ziqaphele ukuthi ezinye izivivinyo zezohwebo ezitholakalayo zizobanikezela ngokubikezela okungavunyelwe. Isiqondiso esivela kuchwepheshe, ikakhulu lapho sibhekene nezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi, ngakho kubalulekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akucaci okwamanje ososayensi bokuziphatha ukuthi bangashukumisela kanjani iziguli ukufaka ukudla okusha okuhambisana nezidingo zabo ezithile. Ngokwezicwaningo zamuva, izivivinyo zodwa ngokuvamile azihlinzeki ngokufanele.
Izidlo ezihlotshisiwe zinezilinganiso, kanti abanye ochwepheshe bezokudla baye baqaphela ukuthi uma ukudla okucindezelayo kulandelwa isikhathi esithile eside, kungabangela ukugula okuncane okungampofu, okuye kwaxhunyaniswa nemiphumela emibi yempilo. Ukutadisha iziguli zaseYurophu ezinezifo ezivuthayo ziveza ukuthi i-microecome yabo ye-fecal iqukethe amaphesenti angu-25 angaphansi kwamagciwane ezincane uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abanempilo. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi izinhlobo ezincane zamathambo azihambisani kahle nempilo. Ngokuphambene, i-microbiota ecebile (esekelwa ukudla okuhlukahlukene) iye yaxhunyaniswa nempilo enhle.
Njengengcweti yezempilo, udinga ukwazi ukuthumela lolu lwazi kuziguli zakho ngaphambi kokuba benze izinqumo ezinkulu kakhulu ngokudla kwabo okusha-ikakhulukazi uma bekhuthazwa yimiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-nutrigenomics ekhaya okungenzeka ukuthi ayinakho ukukhwabanisa kwesayensi.
> Imithombo:
> Braicu C, Mehterov N, Berindan-Neagoe I, et al. Ukubukeza: Ama-nitrogenomics emdlalweni: Ukubukeza imiphumela yemikhiqizo yemvelo. Ama-Seminari e-Biology Cancer . 2017
> Joffe Y, Houghton C. Indlela Yokufunda Nutrigenetics Nutrigenomics Yokukhuluphala Nokuphathwa Kwesisindo. Imibiko yamanje ye-Oncology . 2016; 18 (7): 1-6
> Nock T, Chouinard-Watkins R, Plourde M. Ukubukeza: Abathwali be-apolipoprotein E-epsilon 4 allele basengozini enkulu ekudleni kokudla ku-omega-3 fatty acids nokuncipha kwengqondo. I-BBA - i-Molecular and Cell Biology ye-Lipids . 2017; 1862 (Ingxenye A): 1068-1078
> Pavlidis C, Patrinos G, Katsila T. Nutrigenomics: Impikiswano. I-Genomics esebenzisiwe nokuhunyushwa . 2015; 4: 50-53.
> Saukko P, Reed M, Britten N, Hogarth S. Ukuxoxisana nomngcele phakathi kwemithi kanye nemikhuba yabathengi: Ukukhangiswa kwe-inthanethi kokuhlolwa kwe-nutrigenetic. Isayensi Yezenhlalakahle Nemithi . 2010; 70: 744-753
> Qin J, Li R, Wang J, et al. Ikhathalogi yesifo segciwane lesigciwane segciwane lesintu esasungulwa ngokulandelana kwe-metagenomic. Imvelo . 2010; 464 (7285): 59-65