Uhlelo lokugaya lwenziwe ngamalungu asebenza ndawonye ukuze aguqule ukudla, okuhlinzekwa njengezakhi eziyisisekelo ezidinga umzimba, zibe namandla. Ngokuyinhloko, uhlelo lokugaya ishubhu elide elivulekile kusuka emaphethelweni amabili. Ukudla kufinyelela ekugcineni, bese kudlula ithubhu elide ngaphakathi emzimbeni obizwa ngokuthi umuthi wamathumbu lapho izakhi umzimba ongazisebenzisayo zifakwe khona, futhi okusalayo okungagciniwe kuncibilike kusuka komunye umkhawulo.
Uhlelo lokugaya luhamba ngendlela elula njengaleyo. Uhlelo lokugaya, okuyinto isibindi esivame ukubhekwa njengengxenye, luhilela izinqubo ezibalulekile nezinzima ezidingekayo ekuthathweni komzimba kwezakhi. Le nqubo iqala ngokungenisa kokudla.
Ngokuyinhloko, imisebenzi eyinhloko yepheshana le-GI kufanele ilayise futhi ihambise ukudla, ivikele amakhemikhali kanye nama- enzyme adingekayo ekugayeni, athathe imikhiqizo elayishiwe, futhi aqede imfucuza ye-indigestible ihlala. Noma kunjalo, ukuze uqhubeke uqonde ukuthi isakhi ngasinye esithinteka kanjani emgqeni we-GI sisebenza ndawonye, nokuthi ezinye izitho ezivela ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zomzimba ziphoqelelana kanjani, kubalulekile ukuba iziguli ze-hepatitis ziqonde kuqala lapho ipheshana liqala khona-umlomo.
I-Tract of Stasting Tract
Ipheshana lezinyosi ngokuyinhloko liyindlela emide yesikhumulo emzimbeni lapho ukudla kudlula njengoba kutholakala ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla.
Isebenza njengesango lokudla njengoba lingena emlonyeni, futhi umzila njengoba uzinakekela nge-pharynx ne- oophagus . I-GI Tract iphinde isebenze njengendawo yokugaya isikhumba njengoba ukudla okusikwayo kugcwele esiswini ngaphambi kokuba kuthathwe umzimba njengoba izakhi zithathwa kwezinye izakhiwo ezithintekayo ukuze ziphulwe phansi futhi zisakazwe.
Okokugcina, kube "njengokuthengiswa kwemfucumfucu" njengoba izinto ezingezona ezigunyiwe zithengiswa phansi kwe-tube ngokusebenzisa i-anus.
Yonke le misebenzi ayiqediwe ngepheshana le-GI yedwa. Ama-enzyme, izigulane ezinomunyu, ama-pancreas, isibindi, i-gallbladder, nezinye izitho kanye nezikhukhula zisiza ukugaya ukudla nokuthutha izakhi. Isitho ngasinye senziwa yi-hormone esitshela umzimba wonke ukuthi usebenze ngokufanele. Ngakho-ke, uhlelo lokugaya luxhunyiwe futhi luhlobene nezinye izinhlelo zomzimba. Ixhunywe ohlelweni lokujikeleza njengoba izitho ezikulo, njengebindi, yizo ezithwala ukuthutha kanye / noma ukucubungula izakhi ezisuka emathunjini kuya emathisini kuwo wonke umzimba. Uhlelo lwesimiso, oluvame ukuthinta iziguli zesifo sofuba lapho kunesifo, futhi kusiza ekulawuleni ama-enzyme ukuba akhululwe, kanye nokuvinjelwa kwemisipha yesistimu yokugaya ukudla. Lezi zihluthulelo zinikeza imimoya ukuze igaye futhi ihambise ukudla ngepheshana le-GI. I-hormone kanye nesistimu ye-neophysical system ye-neva yomshoshaphansi yokuzimela komsebenzi umsebenzi wepheshana le-GI.
Lapho Izinto Zithola Ukukhishwa Ngendlela Ephezulu Ye-GI
Ukuphela kokuphela kokuvulwa kwesistimu yokugaya lapho ukudla kuqala khona ukuhamba kwayo umlomo.
Amazinyo angaphakathi emlonyeni ahlawuliswa ngokuhlafuna nokuqeda ukudla ngaphandle kwezingcezu ezincane. Amathe, okuyizinto eziyimfucuza, efihlwa futhi agcoba konke ukukhipha inqubo yokuqedwa. I-sali yenziwe nge-enzyme eqala uhlelo lokugaya ama-carbohydrate namafutha okumele alethwe ngaphasi komzila wokugaya. Iziguli ze-hepatitis kufanele ziqonde ukuthi isebenza "njenge-adhesive," njengoba ibamba ukudla ndawonye endleleni eya esiswini. Ukudla okuhlosiwe okugxilwe ngendlala kuphenduke ibhande lebhola elibizwa ngokuthi i-bolus - elithunyelwa phambili.
Kukhona imisipha engathandeki emgodini owomile futhi ukhiphe ukudla ngaphakathi esiswini.
Njengoba ukudla kuhlolwe ngaphakathi ngezingqungquthela ze-salivary ezenza kube yi-bolus bese igwinya, kuzosuka emlonyeni kuya ku-pharynx. I-pharynx, noma ikakhulukazi ebizwa ngokuthi i-throat, yenza inhlanzi yokuhlunga emgodleni. Iziguli zesifo sofuba kufanele ziqaphele ukuthi ngaphandle kwesidlo sokudla kuya esophagus, pharynx nayo ihamba emoyeni emoyeni kanye ne-larynx. Ukusuka emkhakheni we-pharynx kuya kwesisu, isisu singumgogodla ongenalutho ophethe izindonga ze-muscular ezenza ukuba ukudla kuhambisane namagagasi omzimba we-muscle osebenza ngokungahambisani. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi i-peristalsis. Uma kwenzeka ukuchotshozwa kwe-peristaltic lapho i-bolus igwanyelwe, imisipha ebushelelezi ngemuva kwe-bolus iyakwenza isivumelwano ukuze ingabe ingaphindaphindi emlonyeni. Kukhona ingqikithi yomsindo ozophoqelela ngokushesha ukuthi i-bolus ibe isisindo esiswini. Inqubo ye-peristalsis iyinhlangano yokuqondisa eyodwa kuphela, ukugqugquzela nokugcina ukudla kuhamba phansi kuya esiswini.
Izinkomba:
I-Kararli TT. Ukuqhathaniswa kwesimo somzimba esisemathunjini, izifo zomzimba, kanye ne-biochemistry yabantu kanye nezilwane zasolwandle ezivame ukusetshenziswa. I-Biopharm Drug Dispos. 1995 Jul; 16 (5): 351-80.
UMénard D. Ukuthuthukiswa okusebenzayo komgudu womuntu wesisu: i-hormone- nokukhula kwezinto ezibalulekile zokulawula. Ingabe J Gastroenterol. 2004 Jan; 18 (1): 39-44.