Izikhathi Eziyinhloko Ekulweni Nezifo Zomhlaba Omkhulu Kunazo Zonke
Umlando we-HIV ugcwele ukunqoba nokuhluleka njengoba izwe libhekene nalokho okwakungaba yisifo esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni wezikhathi zanamuhla. Lokho okwaqala kodwa izifo ezincane ezithathelwanayo zahlushwa isifo esithinta abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-36 emhlabeni jikelele.
Umzila wesikhathi esandulele i-HIV waqala ekuqaleni kuka-1981 lapho i-New York Times ibika ukuqubuka kohlobo lomdlavuza ongavamile phakathi kwamadoda angama-gay eNew York naseCalifornia.
Le "mdlavuza we-gay" njengoba kamuva wabizwa ngokuthi i- Kaposi sarcoma , isifo esibe sesibhekene nesifo kule minyaka yama-1980 nangama-1990.
Ngawo lowo nyaka, amakamelo okuphuthumayo eNew York City aqala ukubona izinsizwa ezincane ezinempilo ezethula nge-fever, izimpawu ezifana nemifucumfucu, nohlobo olungavamile lwe-pneumonia okuthiwa i- Pneumocystis . Akekho owayengacabanga ukuthi lezi zinkambiso ezingavamile, ezizimele zifanekisela ukugqashuka komhlaba wonke, zibulale izigidi zabantu phakathi neminyaka embalwa.
1981
Ngo-1981 kwaba khona ukuvela kweKapasi sarcoma kanye ne-pneumocystis pneumonia phakathi kwamadoda angama-gay eNew York naseCalifornia. Lapho i-Centers for Disease Control ibike ukuqhuma okusha, bawubhale i-GRID (noma ukuntuleka kwe-immune okuhlobene nomdlavuza), ukugxeka umphakathi wesilisa njengabaphethe isifo esibulalayo. Kodwa-ke, maduzane amacala aqala ukuvela phakathi kwabantu abesilisa nabesifazane, umsebenzisi wezidakamizwa, kanye ne-hemophiliacs, efakazela ukuthi i-syndrome yayingazi imingcele.
1983
Abacwaningi e- Pasteur Institute eFrance bahlukanisa i-retrovirus ekholelwa ukuthi ihlobene nokugqashuka kwe-HIV. Ngaleso sikhathi, amazwe angu-35 emhlabeni wonke aqinisekisile izifo zesifo esasivele sasivele sithinta i-US Controversy ngemva nje kokuba uhulumeni wase-US ememezele ukuthi oyedwa wabo ososayensi, uDkt. Robert Gallo , wayesezimele i-retrovirus ebizwa ngokuthi i-HTLV-III, eyayibiza ukuthi ibenomthwalo we-AIDS.
Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, ekugcineni kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-HTLV-III kanye nama-retrovirus asePasteur afana, ehola ikomidi lamazwe omhlaba ukuqamba kabusha igciwane lesandulela ngculaza (i-immunodeficiency virus).
1984
Umsizi wezindiza waseCanada, obizwa ngokuthi " Isiguli Zero ," ufa ngezinkinga ezihlobene ne-AIDS. Ngenxa yokuthi uxhumano lwakhe lwezocansi lwabaningi abahlukunyezwa ngegciwane lesandulela ngculazi, kubikwe ngephutha ukuthi unesibopho sokuletha igciwane eNyakatho Melika. Ngalesi sikhathi kwakukhona amacala angu-8 000 aqinisekisiwe e-US, okubangelwa ukufa kwabantu abathathu abangu-3 500.
1985
Ukuphikisana okuzungeze i-HIV kuqhubeka lapho ikilabhu kaGallo ivumela ikiti yokuhlola i-HIV ukuthi kamuva ivunyiwe yi-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Isikhungo sePasteur sithatha futhi sinikezwe amalungelo kamuva isigamu sezibopho ezivela ekuhlolweni okusha. Ngalolo nyaka, i-HIV ingena emphakathini ngokufa kweDwala Hudson kanye nezindaba zokuthi uRyan White oneminyaka engu-14 ubudala uvinjelwe esikoleni esiphansi e-Indiana ngokuba ne-HIV.
1987
Isidakamizwa sokuqala se-HIV, esibizwa ngokuthi i- Retrovir (AZT) , sivunyiwe yi-FDA. Ngemuva kweminyaka eyisithupha yokungazinaki lesi sifo futhi ukwenqaba ukwamukela isimo esibucayi, uMongameli uRonald Reagan usebenzisa igama elithi "AIDS" enkulumweni yomphakathi.
Ngalesi sikhathi, kukholakala ukuthi kukhona phakathi kwama-100,000 no-150,000 amacala we-HIV emhlabeni jikelele.
1990
Ngemuva kweminyaka eminingi ehola ukulwa ne-HIV e-US Ryan White ufa eneminyaka engu-19. Ngalo nyaka, i- Ryan White Care Act yenziwa yi-Congress ukuhlinzeka ngemali exhaswe nguhulumeni yokunakekela abantu abaphila negciwane lesandulela ngculazi. Ngalesi sigaba, inani labantu abaphila negciwane lesandulela ngculazi emhlabeni wonke selilinganiselwa ku-miliyoni.
1992
I-FDA ivumela umuthi wokuqala okufanele usetshenziswe ngokuhlanganiswa ne-AZT eyaziwa ngokuthi yi-Hivid, emaka ukukhokhelwa kokuqala komphakathi wezokwelapha kumuthi wokwelapha. Ilandelwa maduzane ngemuva kwe-Epivir (lamivudine) esasetshenziswa kakhulu namuhla.
1993
Ucwaningo lwaseBrithani olubizwa ngokuthi i-Concorde Trials luphetha ngokuthi i-AZT monotherapy ayenzi lutho ukulibaziseka ukuqhubekela phambili kwe-HIV. Ngenxa yalombiko, inhlangano entsha ivela ukuphika ukuthi i-HIV ikhona noma ukuthi igciwane lanoma yiluphi uhlobo lihlobene ngisho nesifo.
1996
Ukwelashwa kuthatha esinye isinyathelo esihamba phambili ngokusungulwa kwemithi yegciwane lesandulela ngculaza okuthiwa i-protease Inhibitors. Uma isetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kathathu, izidakamizwa zifakazela ukuthi ziphumelela ekuvimbeleni igciwane kuphela kodwa zivumela abantu ukuba babuyisele isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela emasimini aseduze-avamile. I-protocol ibizwa ngokushesha ngokuthi ukwelashwa kwe-antiretroviral esebenzayo, noma i- HAART .
1997
Ucwaningo lweqembu le-AIDS Clinical Trials 076 lwabika ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-AZT ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa futhi ngesikhathi sokubeletha kunciphise ukudluliselwa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi kumama kuya kwengane kuphela kumaphesenti amathathu kuphela. Ngalolo nyaka, ezinyangeni ezingaphansi kwezingu-12 emva kwe-HAART, inani lokufa kwe-HIV emahlathini ase-US ngamaphesenti angu-35.
1998
Izivivinyo zokuqala zomuntu e-United States ziqala ukuhlola umuthi wokugoma we-VAXGEN we-HIV. (Kwakungokuqala kwezilingo eziningi ezinjalo esingakazitholi ukhetho olufanele .)
2000
Inhlangano ye-AIDS denialist iyaqaphela umhlaba wonke lapho umongameli waseNingizimu Afrika uThabo Mbeki ekhuluma kwiNgqungquthela Yengculaza Yomhlaba Wonke ukuthi "igciwane alinakudala i-syndrome." Ngalesi sikhathi, abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-20 bafa nge-AIDS emhlabeni jikelele kubandakanya cishe izigidi ezingu-17 e-Afrika engaphansi kweSahara.
2004
Njengoba umphakathi wezokwelapha ubhekene nomzila okhulayo wokumelana nezidakamizwa kubantu abaku-HAART, kukhishwa umuthi omusha obizwa ngokuthi i-tenofovir ebonakala ekwazi ukunqoba ngisho namacala okumelana nokujulile kwezidakamizwa eziningi . Ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuba uThabo Mbeki ekhishwe ehhovisi likaMengameli eNingizimu Afrika, izidakamizwa zokuqala ze-HIV ezivuthiwe zivunywa kuleli lizwe, zivule umnyango wokuqala ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa ezilodwa emlandweni.
2009
Ososayensi eYunivesithi yaseNorth Carolina eChapel Hill bamemezela ukuthi baye bahlaziya isakhiwo segciwane lesandulela ngculaza lonke, okwenza isazi ukuba ithuthukise amathuluzi okuhlola okusha kanye nokwelashwa okuhloswe nge-HIV. Ngokuyinhloko lo mzamo owaholela ekwakhiweni kwe- integrase inhibitors esetshenziswa manje ekwelashweni kokuqala e-US
2010
Ucwaningo lwe-iPrEX luyizivivinyo eziningi zokuqala ezibonisa ukuthi izidakamizwa ze-HIV Truvada zingasetshenziswa abantu abangenayo igciwane lesandulela ngculaza ukuvimbela ukutheleleka. Isu, esaziwa ngokuthi i- HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (i-PrEP) , namhlanje livame ukuqondiswa ukuvikela abantu abasengozini enkulu yokutheleleka.
2013
Ucwaningo olwenziwe yiNorth American American Cohort Cohort on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD) libika ukuthi oneminyaka engu-20 ubudala oqale ukwelashwa kwe-HIV angalindela ukuba aphile kahle ekuqaleni kwawo-70s. Lokhu kungukuqala kweziqinisekiso ezinjalo ezichaza umthelela we- antiretroviral therapy esikhathini sokuphila .
2014
I-World Health Organization ne-United Nations Programme ye-HIV / AID (UNAIDS) yamemezela uhlelo lokuziqhenya lokuqeda ukwanda kwe-HIV ngo-2030 ngokuthola amaphesenti angu-90 abantu abaphila negciwane lesandulela ngculazi emhlabeni wonke, bebeka amaphesenti angu-90 ngokutheleleka kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, futhi bafinyeleleke ngegciwane elingenakulinganiswa ukulayisha ngamaphesenti angu-90 alabo. Ihlanganiswe isu le- 90-90-90 , lolu hlelo lubhekene neminikelo eqhubekayo evela emazweni anikezelayo kanye namanani okwandayo wokumelana nezidakamizwa nokuhluleka kokwelashwa emhlabeni jikelele.
2015
I-Indiana ibona ukuqhuma okukhulu kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi kusukela ngo-1990 ngenxa yengozi ye-opioid evamile nokumelana ngaleso sikhathi-uMnu. Mike Pence ukuvumela uhlelo lokushintshanisa izinaliti esimweni sakhe "ngezizathu zokuziphatha." Ngenxa yalokho, amacala angaphezu kuka-200 abikwa ngaphakathi kweviki ezimbalwa futhi azungeze idolobha lase-Austin, e-Indiana (inani labantu abangu-4,295).
2016
Ukulandela ukukhishwa kweSikhathi sokuHlelwa kwe-Antiretroviral Treatment (START) ngasekupheleni kuka-2015, i-World Health Organization kanye noMnyango WezeMpilo WezeMpilo wase-US, phakathi kwabanye, uncoma ukuthi ukwelashwa kwe-HIV kuqalwe ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa. Ngokuphambene nokulibazisa ukwelashwa, isu elisha liye lafakazelwa ukunciphisa ingozi yokugula okubi ngamaphesenti angu-53.
2017
Manje ngonyaka walo wama-36, lesi sifo siqhubeka sitshela abantu abayizigidi ngonyaka futhi sinezela ukutheleleka okusha kwezigidi ezingu-1.8 ku-2017. Manje sekubalwa abantu abayizigidi ezingama-36.7 abaphila ne-HIV emhlabeni wonke okuyizigidi ezingama-20.9 ezikwelapha ngezidambisigciwane. Sekuphelele, abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-76 banesandulela ngculazi kusukela ekuqaleni kokushayisana kwabantu abangu-35 million.