Isikhumba sakhiwa izingxenye ezintathu:
- i-epidermis
- i-dermis
- i-hypodermis (eyaziwa nangokuthi izicubu ezingaphansi )
I-epidermis (ungqimba ophezulu kakhulu wesikhumba) uhlelo olubalulekile olwenza ithoni lethu lesikhumba, kanti i-dermis (ungqimba ophakathi) uqukethe izicubu ezixhunyiwe, izinwele zezinwele, nezigulane ezikhukhulayo ezisiza ukulawula ubuqotho nokushisa kwesikhumba sethu. I-hypodermis ejulile yenziwe ngamathambo amaningi nakakhulu nakakhulu.
Ngaphakathi kwe-epidermis, kunezingxenye ezine ezinkulu zamaseli (okuthiwa ama-keratinocytes) ahlinzeka isikhumba izisekelo zawo ezakhiweni, kanye nesendlalelo esisodwa emaceleni nasezintendeni. I-Keratinocytes ngaphakathi kwe-epidermis iqala ukuhlukanisa ezingxenyeni ezingezansi, ukuqhubelela amangqamuzana asele asele asele phezulu. Njengoba amangqamuzana ehamba phambili, kancane kancane alala futhi afe.
I-Stratum Basale
Ingqimba engezansi ye-epidermis ibizwa ngokuthi i-stratum basale. Lo ungqimba uqukethe umugqa owodwa wama-keratinocyte afane nekholomu ebizwa ngamaseli ase-basal. Lawa maseli ahlukanisa futhi aphikisele amangqamuzana asevele ayenziwe avuke phezulu kwesikhumba. Njengoba amangqamuzana ase-basal ahambela ezingxenyeni ezingenhla, azophinde ahlaziye, afe, futhi achithe ukuze enze indawo yamaseli amasha.
Ama-melanocytes , amangqamuzana akhiqiza i-melanin (i-pigment ehlinzeka isikhumba sakho umbala wayo), itholakale kulolu hlu.
I-Stratum Spinosum
Uhlaka lwe-spinosum luphezu kwesisekelo se-stratum kanti kuphela amangqamuzana amahlanu kuya kwangu-10 aqinile. Amaseli athuthela emgqeni we-spinosum (owaziwa nangokuthi i-prickle cell noma i-squamous cell layer) ngokwemvelo i-morph kusukela ekuhloleni kokuqala kwe-columnar ibe yi-polygonal.
Amaseli kulolu luhlu anesibopho sokwenza i-keratin, iphrotheni enesibindi esinika isikhumba, izinwele, nezipikili ubunzima babo nezakhiwo ezingamanzi.
I-Stratum Granulosum
Amaseli e-stratum granulosum, noma ungqimba we-granular, alahlekelwe i-nuclei yawo futhi abonakale njengamaseli agqamile aqukethe ama-dark clumps wezinto ze-cytoplasmic. Kunomsebenzi omningi kulolu ungqimba njengoba ama-keratin amaprotheni kanye ne-lipids asebenza ndawonye ukudala amangqamuzana amaningi anesibopho sokuvikela esikhumbeni.
Stratum Lucidum
Uhlaka lwe-stratum lucidum lukhona kuphela esikhunjeni esinamandla sezintende zezandla nezintambo. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana phakathi kwe stratum corneum ne stratum granulosum. Igama ngokwayo livela kulesiLatini for "ungqimba olucacile," oluchaza ukubonakala kwamaseli ngokwabo.
Stratum Corneum
Amaseli ase- stratum corneum layer aziwa ngokuthi ama-corneocytes (noma ama-horny cells). Lawa maseli agqamile futhi abhekwa njengokufa. Eqanjwe ikakhulukazi ama-keratini amaprotheni, i-corneocytes inikeza amandla e-stratum corneum amandla kodwa futhi avumele ukumanjwa kwamanzi. Basebenza njengesithiyo esiyimpumelelo kunoma yimaphi amakhemikhali angase alimaze amangqamuzana aphilayo ngaphansi kwawo.
I-Close Up of the Stratum Corneum
Isakhiwo se-stratum corneum singase sibonakale silula, kodwa sidlala indima ebalulekile ekulondolozeni ubuqotho besakhiwo kanye ne-hydration yesikhumba. akugcini nje ngokuqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana omzimba wesikhumba kodwa kwenza umzimba uvikeleke ngokumelene nama-virus, amabhaktheriya, ama-parasites, nanoma iyiphi enye indlela ye-pathogen noma i-toxin.
> Umthombo
- > I-Kolarsick P .; I-Kolarsick M .; noGoodwin, C. "Anatomy and Physiology of the Skin." I-Journal ye-Dermatology Nurses 'Association . 2011; 3 (4): 203-213.