I-Anatomy kanye Nomsebenzi Wekhasi Elikude Lesikhumba
I-epidermis ingqimba engaphandle kwesikhumba. Ubukhulu be-epidermis buhluka kuye ngokuthi kuphi emzimbeni. I-thinnest yayo emahlombe, ilinganisa isigamu esingamamitha ayizigidi kuphela, futhi isisindo sayo esikhulu kakhulu ezintendeni nasezintweni ezinamamitha ayi-1.5.
I-Anatomy Skin
I -anatomy yesikhumba yakhiwa izingxenye ezintathu: i-epidermis, i-dermis, nezicubu ezingaphansi.
Lezi zigaba zinezindlu zokugcoba izigulane, izilonda zamafutha, izinwele zezinwele , umkhumbi wegazi kanye namaseli athile omzimba omzimba.
Imisebenzi ye-Epidermis
I-epidermis isebenza njengesibambiso esivikela umzimba emisebeni ye-ultraviolet (UV), amakhemikhali anobungozi, kanye nezifo ezinjenge-bacteria, amagciwane kanye ne-fungi.
Ngokomlando, kwakucatshangwa ukuthi umsebenzi we-epidermis kwakuwukulawula uketshezi futhi uvikele umzimba ekulimazeni okumangalisa. Eminyakeni yamuva, sesiye saqonda ukuthi uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi edlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenziseni ukuthi amasosha omzimba axhumana kanjani futhi ahlose ukuzivikela.
Esikhathini se-epidermis kukhona izingqimba eziningana ezihlukene, ezihlanganisa (kusuka phansi kuya phezulu):
- I-Stratum basale, eyaziwa nangokuthi ungqimba lwe-basal cell, ingqimba elingaphakathi kwe-epidermis. Lo ungqimba uqukethe amaseli ase-colal efana namakholomu ahlala ehlukanisa futhi eqhutshelwa phezulu. I-basale ye-stratum iphinde ibe nama- melanocytes akhiqiza i-melanin (i-pigment ebangela umbala wesikhumba). Uma ivuleka ilanga, ama-melanocytes akhiqiza i-melanin eningi ukuvikela kangcono isikhumba kusuka ku-UV exposure. Ukungahambi kahle ekuthuthukiseni la maseli kungabangela i- melanoma , uhlobo olubulalayo kakhulu lomdlavuza wesikhumba.
- I-Stratum spinosum iphinde ibhekiswe ngokuthi ungqimba lwamaseli we-squamous, ingqimba elincane kakhulu le-epidermis eliseceleni kwesendlalelo esisisekelo. Lezi zakhiwa ngamaseli ase-basal aqoqele amangqamuzana angama-squamous, aziwa ngokuthi ama-keratinocytes. I-Keratinocytes inesibopho sokukhiqiza i-keratin, iphrotheni evikelayo eyenza isikhumba, izipikili nezinwele. Ingqimba ye-squamous iphinde ibe namakhaya amangqamuzana e-Langerhans aqukethe izinto zangaphandle njengoba engena ngaphakathi esikhunjeni. Kubuye kube nomsebenzi wokwenza izinto zokwenziwa kwe- cytokines , uhlobo lweprotheyini olusiza ukulawula ukuphendula komzimba.
- I-Stratum granulosum yakhiwa ngama-keratinocytes asuswe kusuka ku-ungqimba ogcwala. Njengoba la maseli asondela eduze kwesikhumba, aqala ukulala phansi futhi ahlangane ndawonye, ekugcineni omiswa futhi aphelelwe yisikhathi.
- I-Stratum corneum ingqimba engaphandle kwe-epidermis. Iqukethe izingxenye ezingu-10 kuya kwezingama-30 ze-keratinocyte ezifile ezilokhu zichitheka. Ukukhishwa kwala maseli kunciphisa kakhulu ngobudala. Ukuthengiswa kwe-cell ephelele, kusuka ku-basal cell ukuya ku-stratum corneum, kuthatha amasonto amane kuya kwesikhombisa kubantu abadala futhi cishe inyanga nengxenye yabantu abadala.
- I-Stratum lucidum ikhona kuphela ezintendeni zezandla nezinyawo ezinyaweni. Iqukethe izingqimba ezine kunokuba ezine ezijwayelekile.
Izimo ezibandakanya i-Epidermis
I-epidermis ingathinteka ngaphezu kokulimala kuphela. Lolu ungqimba lwangaphandle luncike kokubili kwezakhi zofuzo namandla angaphandle okufaka isandla ekugugeni kwalesi sikhumba. Lezi zici zihlanganisa nokubhema, utshwala, nokuvezwa okukhulu kwe-UV, konke okufaka isandla ekuthuthukiseni imibimbi, ama-sunspots, nokungahlanganisi isikhumba.
I-epidermis yilapho i-rasy and blisters ivela khona, ebangelwa yizinto zonke ezivela kwizifo nezifo ezibangelwa izifo kanye ne-toxin.
Kungenxa futhi kokubili kokungenayo i-melanoma ne-melanoma isikhumba sekhanda, futhi lapho izifo ezithile ezifana nesifo sikashukela ne- lupus zingabonakalisa ngezimpawu ze-dermatological.
Ukungena kwe-epidermis kungabangela izifo ukuthi umzimba ungazivikela ngokuhlukile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izifo ezibangelwa izinambuzane noma izilwanyana, kanye nalawo ama-pathogens angena emzimbeni ngokusebenzisa izilonda ezivulekile, ukusika, abrasions, noma ukulimala kwesidingo.
> Umthombo
- > I-Tan, i-S.; Roediger, B .; noWeninger, W. "Indima ye-Chemokines ku-Cutaneous Immunosurveillance." I-Immunology ne-Biology Cell . 2015; 93 (4): 337-46.