Izabelo zeziguli zezindleko zizokhula ngaphansi kwe-BCRA
Inkokhelo ye-Bill yezinguquko zokunakekelwa kwempilo ye-Senate eyatholwa ngoJulayi 20 izoholela ekutheni abantu abadonswe imali abaphakeme kakhulu. Eqinisweni, amaphrojekthi we- Congressional Budget Office (CBO) ukuthi umuntu olinganiselwe owehliswayo ohlelweni lokulinganisa uhlelo luyoba yi-$ 13,000 ngo-2026. Ngokuphawulekayo, lokhu kuphakeme kunokwakheka kwezinga elingaphezulu kwe-pocket elizovunyelwa ngalolo nyaka ngaphandle uma ifomu lokubamba izindleko ezingaphandle kwe-pocket ishintshiwe.
Ngokusobala, lokho kuyinkinga engadinga umsebenzi owengeziwe wezomthetho.
Kuwo wonke u-2017, enye yezindaba ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-Congressional Republicans iye yachitha futhi yashintsha i-ACA (Obamacare). INdlu idlulisele uMthetho we-American Health Care Act (AHCA) ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, futhi yayithumela eSenate. Abaphathi be-GOP baqoqela iqembu lokusebenzisana lokubambisana ukuze babhale uhlelo lwabo lomthethosivivinywa, obizwa ngokuthi i-Better Care Reconciliation Act (BCRA), futhi bayethula ngasekupheleni kukaJuni. I-Senate Republican ikhiphe inguqulo ebuyekeziwe yomthetho ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, efaka imfuno eqhubekayo yokusabalalisa, engakaze ifakwe inguqulo yabo yangaphambili (ungabona kokubili izinguqulo ze-Bill ye-Senate lapha).
Izinguqulo ezintsha ze-BCRA zatholwa ngoJulayi 13 ( isishwankathelo sesigaba-by-section), futhi ngoJulayi 20 (isigaba somshwana ngesigaba) .Konke inqubo, iSenate ayizange ibe nekomidi lezinkulumo noma i-bipartisan ingxoxo mayelana nomthetho ohlongozwayo .
I-BCRA yafinyelela evoti eSenate ngoJulayi 27 lapho ishintshelwe ulimi kulo mthetho odluliselwe endlini. Ihlulekile nge-margin ebanzi, 43-57. I-Senate iphinde inqatshelwe ukuchithwa kwe-"skinny" (i-Health Care Freedom Act), okuhloswe ukuthi kube yindlela yokufinyelela ekomidini lesigungu esinobuholi beNdlu ye-GOP.
Umthethosivivinywa weNdlu usengayengezwa ekhalendeni leSenate uma futhi lapho abaholi be-GOP benamavoti adlulisela inguqulo ye-Senate yesikweletu. Nakuba singasazi ukuthi isivumelwano-uma sikhona-sizogcina sifike amaRiphabhliki eSenate, inguqulo ka-Julayi 20 ye-BCRA isinikeza umbono wokuthi iSene Republic Republican ifuna ukuthini izinguquko zokunakekelwa kwezempilo.
I-BCRA eyenziwa yiSenate ngoJulayi 27 yayifana nezilinganiso zangaphambili zomthethosivivinywa, kodwa yayihlanganisa ne-Cruz Amendment kanye ne-Portman Amendment. Akekho kulabo abaye babanjwa yi-CBO, ngakho-ke asinayo izinombolo ngokuphathelene nomthelela wabo. I-Cruz Amendment izobe ivumele ama-insurers athengise amapulani ahambisana ne-skimpy, engekho-ACA uma nje abuye athengise uhlelo olulodwa lwegolide , uhlelo olulodwa lwesiliva kanye necebo elilodwa "lokulinganisa" ngaphansi kwemithetho ye-BCRA, ezoba nenani elilinganiselwa ku-58 amaphesenti. I-Portman Amendment izokwabela amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-100 ukuze amazwe asetshenziselwe ukunciphisa izindleko ezingaphandle kwe-pocket yabhaliseli abahola imali encane, futhi anganikezela ukuthi ezinye izimo eziguquguqukayo zokusebenzisa izimali zeMedicaid ukunciphisa izindleko ezingaphandle kwe-pocket zokubhalisa abahola kancane kude ne-Medicaid ukuya ekuzimele ngasese ngaphansi kwe-BCRA.
I-BCRA (ngaphandle kwezichibiyelo ze-Portman no-Cruz) iye yazuza yi-CBO futhi yahlaziywa yizazi eziningi zenqubomgomo yezezempilo, ngakho-ke sinomqondo omuhle walokho okuyoba nomthelela wayo.Iziphakamiso zePortman cishe ziye zaba nomphumela ophansi ongaphandle kwe- Izindleko ezisephaketheni ekuqaleni, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi imali yayiyohlinzekwa kuphela iminyaka eyisikhombisa; kwakungekho indlela eqhubekayo yokuxhasa ngemali emthethweni.
I-Cruz Amendment kungenzeka ukuthi ibangele izindleko eziphezulu ezingaphandle kwamapokhethi kunoma ubani othenga izinhlelo ezingapheliyo ezizovela ngaphansi kokuchibiyela. Ukuhlaziywa ngezansi kususelwe kumakalo we-CBO we-BCRA. Njengoba izichibiyelo ze-Cruz ne-Portman azizange zilandelwe yi-CBO, umthelela wabo awufakiwe kule ngxoxo elandelayo mayelana nezindleko ezingaphandle kwe-pocket.
Nakuba i-BCRA ingashintsha izici eziningi zomshuwalense wangasese kanye neMedicaid, ake sicabangele manje ukuthi ingathinta kanjani izindleko ezingaphandle kwezimpahla (ukukhumbula ukuthi nakuba le nguqulo ethile yebhilidi ayizange idlule eSénate, enye inguqulo yayo ingahle ibuyele emuva esitelekeni seSenate).
UMthethosivivinywa we-Senate wawuzokwenza kanjani izindleko ezingaphandle kwe-Pocket?
Igama elithi "out-of-pocket" lichaza zonke izindleko abantu okufanele bakhokhe uma bedinga ukwelashwa, ngemuva kokuba inkampani yabo yomshuwalense ikhokhwe ingxenye yayo yesikweletu. Nokho, akubandakanyi izindleko zama- premium , okumele akhokhwe njalo ngenyanga, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usebenzisa noma yikuphi ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.
Indaba emfushane ukuthi i-BCRA ingabangela izindleko eziphezulu ezingaphandle kwe-pocket. Ake sibheke ukuthi kungani lokho kuzokwenzeka.
Ngaphansi kwe-ACA, wonke amaqembu amancane nezinhlelo ezincane kufanele ahlinzekele izinsizakalo ezihlukahlukene ezithathwa njengezinzuzo zezempilo ezibalulekile , futhi zonke izinhlelo (kufaka phakathi izinhlelo eziningi zeqembu) kufanele zihlanganise okungenani amaphesenti angama-60 ezindleko zokunakekelwa kwezempilo (lokhu kusebenza abantu abajwayelekile; iphesenti yezindleko ezinikezwe umuntu onikeziwe kuncike ekunakekeleni kwezempilo umuntu okudingayo ngaphezu konyaka). Iphesenti elijwayelekile lezindleko ezibizwa ngokuthi uhlelo lubizwa ngokuthi i-actuarial value (inothi ukuthi emakethe ngayinye, ababheki bentengiso bangathengisa izinhlelo eziyingozi - okuba nenani le-actuarial elingaphansi kwezingamaphesenti angama-60-kubantu abalinganiselwe, nakuba izinsizakalo ze-ACA premium zingasetshenziselwa labo amapulani).
Uhlelo olubalulekile lwamaphesenti angama-60 lubhekwa njengeluhlelo lwebhedu uma kunomshwalense wezempilo lomuntu ngamunye noma omncane, futhi uhlangabezana nemfuneko yokuhlinzeka "inani eliphansi" uma kwenzeka ukuqoqwa kweqembu elikhulu. Njengoba kunzima ezinkampanini zomshuwalense ukuthola umdwebo wezinhlelo ukuze zihambelane ncamashi ne-actuarial value, abanikezeli besikhwama bavunyelwe ukusebenzisa u--2 / + 2 we-minimus ibanga, ngakho-ke inani le-bronze lomsebenzi we-bronze lingaba ngamaphesenti angu-58 kuya kwangu-62. Lokho kwakucelwe ukwandisa ku--2 / + 5 ngo-2018, kodwa imithethonqubo iphelile ngo-Ephreli 2017 ukubiza ukuqhubeka nokwandiswa kohlelo lwe-bronze de minimus, kuya ku -4 / + 5. Ngakho ngaphansi kwemithetho yamanje, izinhlelo zethusi ngo-2018 zizovunyelwa ukumboza isilinganiso samaphesenti angama-56 kuya kwangu-65 wezindleko zezokwelapha.
Kodwa ngaphandle kwalezi zinhlelo ezimbi ezibalwe ngenhla, izinhlelo zethusi ziyinto encane ebhekene nalokho okumele abanikezeli besikhwama banganikeza khona. Isu lokubheka, esivame ukuba sithandwa kakhulu ngabhaliseli, isuhlelo sesiliva, elinenani elilinganiselwe lama-70%. Ukuxhaswa kwe-premium ye-ACA kuhlanganiswe nezindleko zecebo lesiliva, kanti izinsiza ze- ACA zokwabelana ngezindleko zitholakala kuphela uma ababhalisile bekhetha izinhlelo zesiliva.
Ukugcina konke lokhu engqondweni, ake sibheke izinhlinzeko ze-BCRA. Ngokuvamile, kunezici eziningana zomthethosivivinywa ozokwenza ukwandise izindleko ezingaphandle kwe-pocket:
- Izizwe zizokwazi ukuphumula imithetho ngokuthi yiziphi izinzuzo okufanele zifakwe ezimakethe zeqembu ngalinye namancane, futhi yiziphi izinsizakalo ezitholakala kuma-caps angaphandle kwamapokhethi kanye nokuvinjelwa ngesikhathi sokuphila kanye nama-maximum wonyaka wokuzuza kuzo zonke izimakethe , kubandakanya izinhlelo eziningi zeqembu.
- Ngomnyaka we-2026, amahlelo "wokutjengisa" angeke avela ekuthomeni ama-deductibles angaba ngu-5,000 weemali ukuya ekutholeni ama-deductibles wama-$ 13,000 . (phawula ukuthi uma i-ACA ihlala isendaweni, inani elilinganiselwa ku-$ 5,000 elikhishwe ngonyaka ka-2026 lingafaka isicelo kubantu abangafanelanga ukunikezwa ngemali yokwabelana ngemali ; umuntu onenzuzo engaba ngu-$ 26,500 ngo-2026, amaphrojekthi we-CBO anikezwe ama-deductibles kungaba ngu-$ 800 kuphela uma bebhalisa kuhlelo lokubheka, njengoba izinsizakalo ze-ACA zokwabelana ngezinkokhelo zenza imali engekho engabizi kakhulu kubantu ababhalisile abahola kancane).
- Izindleko zokwabelana ngezindleko zizoqedwa yi-BCRA, okwenza kube nezindleko eziphezulu kakhulu ezingaphandle kwezingeniso kubantu abenezinzuzo ezingezansi (njengoba kuboniswe ngenhla, ukuxhaswa kwemali eyabelwe izindleko ze-ACA kuzonciphisa isilinganiso esiphezulu sokubanjiswa kwezimali zokubheka kusukela ku-$ 5,000 kuya ku-$ 800 ukuze umuntu azuze Amaphesenti angu-175 wezinga lobuphofu ngo-2026 ... kodwa kuphela uma i-ACA kanye nezinsizakalo zokwabelana ngezindleko zihlala zikhona).
Nakuba amaphrojekthi e-CBO ukuthi uhlelo lokubaluleka kwamaphesenti angu-58 luzokhipha imali engamaRandi ayi-13,000 ngo-2026, iphinde iphrojekthi ukuthi izindleko ezingavumelekile ezingaphandle kwamapokhethi (ngezinzuzo ezibalulekile zezempilo, in-network) zizoba ngu- $ 10,900 ngaphansi ifomula yamanje esetshenziselwa ukunquma ukuthi inani eliphakeme elingavumelekile ngaphandle kwephakethe likhuphuka ngonyaka . Leyo fomula ayishintshi ku-BCRA, kepha kusobala ukuthi lokho kuyodingeka ukuxazululwe uma i-BCRA ingasetshenziswa. Ngokuyinhloko, umthetho ubiza izinhlelo zokubheka ukuthi kuzoba nezinzuzo kangangokuthi ngeke zivunyelwe ukuthi zithengiswe.
Ukwehliswa kwezinzuzo zezempilo ezibalulekile = Izindleko eziphakeme zabagulayo
I-BCRA ingavumela ukuthi, ngokusebenzisa inqubo ekhona ye-1332 waiver-kodwa nemikhawulo emincane kakhulu kanye nezinqolobane ezingaphezu kwe-ACA eyenziwe-ukuguqula incazelo yezinzuzo zezempilo ezibalulekile. Ngakho-ke, izwe lingenza isinqumo sokuthi ukubelethwa komama akuseyona inzuzo ebalulekile yezempilo, futhi abahlinzeki bomshuwalense ngeke besadingeka ukumboza izinhlelo ezintsha zempilo (kulolu hlobo oluthile, amaqembu amancane ahlela nabasebenzi abangu-15 noma ngaphezulu abengabandakanya Ukukhulelwa komama, ngenxa yomthetho oye wahlala amashumi eminyaka).
Uma izinhlelo zivunyelwe ukuthi zithengiswe ngaphandle kwezinye izinzuzo ezigunyaziwe njengamanje, abantu abadinga lezo zinsizakalo bazobhekana nezindleko eziphezulu kakhulu ezingaphandle, ngoba bebengasakwazi ukutholakala nomshuwalense wezempilo kulawo masevisi. Izinto ezifana nezidakamizwa zemithi, ukwelashwa kwempilo yengqondo / ukuhlukumeza izidakamizwa, nokunakekelwa kokubeletha yizo zonke izinto ezingase zingabhekiswa kuzo ukuthi zikhetha ukuhlenga kabusha izinzuzo ezibalulekile zezempilo ngaphansi kwe-BCRA.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuqonda ukuthi ukuvinjelwa kwe- ACA ngesikhathi sokuphila kanye nemikhawulo yenzuzo yonyaka , kanye nekhono lomthetho ezindleko ezingaphandle kwezezimali, kusebenza kuphela ezintweni ezibalulekile zezempilo-lokhu kusebenza kumacebo omuntu ngamunye namancane, futhi izinhlelo ezinkulu zomqashi. Ngakho-ke uma ngabe isimo sokunciphisa inani lezinsizakalo eziwela ngaphansi kwezidingo zezempilo ezisezingeni elibalulekile, abanikezeli besikhwama bangase banikeze ukuhlinzekwa ngalezo zinsizakalo, kodwa ngeke babeke ukuthenga imali yokuthenga imali, futhi babezokwazi ukuphoqelela ama-maximums okuzuzwa ngawo wonke umuntu kanye nonyaka ukuze izinsizakalo zingabheki izinzuzo zezempilo ezibalulekile.
Ukuxhaswa kwe-BCRA Kuzoxhunyaniswa Ngezinhlelo Zebronze Esikhundleni Sesiliva
I-BCRA izoqhubeka nokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ze-premium ezingaboniswa ngokungahambisani nezimali ze-ACA premium, kodwa hhayi njengezinamandla. Bangeke bafinyelele kubantu abathola amaphesenti angu-350 obukhulu bobuphofu, esikhundleni samaphesenti angu-400 e-ACA (ngokubhekisela, i-cap engenayo engenayo yokufaneleka kwemali yokuxhasa umndeni wezingane ezine ngokususelwa kumazinga ompofu ka-2017 wawuyoba $ 86,100, esikhundleni sama $ 98,400) . Bayafuna futhi abantu asebekhulile (kwezinye izimo, njengabafana nabangu-40) benenzuzo engaphezulu kwamaphesenti angama-250 ezingeni lobuphofu lokukhokha amaphesenti amakhulu emali yabo ngenjongo yokulinganisa.
Kodwa mhlawumbe okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuxhaswa kwe-premium ye-BCRA kuzoxhunyaniswa necebo elinamaphesenti angama-58 e-actuarial value (esikhundleni samasu esiliva samanje, anenani elilinganiselwe lama-68 kuya kwangu-72 ngamaphesenti).
Ngakho-ke kusukela ngo-2020, uhlelo "olujwayelekile" luyoba nenani le-actuarial elilingana namaplanethi okhethwe phansi okwamanje. Ekuhlaziyweni kwabo kwe-BCRA , i-CBO iphawula ukuthi kuwo wonke amasheya esiliva samanje, isilinganiso esiphezulu se-deductible silinganiselwa kumaRandi ayi-3,600, kanti uhlelo lwesilinganiso se-bronze lunokudonswa kwama $ 6,000. Kodwa izindleko zokudonswa kwemali kanye nezindleko ezingaphandle kwe-pocket zikhuphuka nge-inflation yezokwelapha. Ekuhlaziyweni kwabo ngo- Julayi 20 kwe -BCRA, amaphrojekthi we-CBO ajwayelekile okunciphisa ama-plan for benchmark plans ngaphansi kwe-BCRA ayengaba ngu- $ 13,000. Futhi futhi, kunokuba ibe ngumzila ophansi kunazo zonke esikhwameni, lezi ziyoba izinhlelo zokulinganisa.
Okwamanje, izinhlelo zesiliva ziyisigaba esithandwa kakhulu kunazo zonke. Ngo-2017, kwabangu-9.65 million abantu ababhalise izinhlelo zezempilo nge-HealthCare.gov, izinhlelo eziyisikhombisa ezikhethiwe zesiliva. Uma laba bantu befuna ukugcina izinga labo lamanje ngaphansi kwe-BCRA, kuzodingeka bakhokhe ingxenye enkulu yamaphrimiyamu, ngoba izinsizakalo ze-premium zizobe zihloswe ukugcina ukukhokhelwa okunamandla kangako kumaphesenti angabizi emali engenayo.
Uma kunalokho, bakhetha ukuthenga amapulani ngamaprimiyamu akwazi ukuthengwa ngemali ekhokhelwa yi-BCRA, azophela ngezindleko eziphezulu kakhulu ezingaphandle kwe-pocket uma noma nini kudingeka basebenzise ukufakwa kwazo.
Ukuqedwa kweZindleko zokukwabelana ngezindleko = Ngokudlulele izindleko eziphezulu ezingaphandle kwe-Pocket
Ama-ACA's-subsidi-sharing subsidies atholakala kuphela lapho ababhalisa bekhetha izinhlelo zesiliva futhi banomholo wekhaya ongadluli amaphesenti angu-250 wezinga lobuphofu. Kodwa kubantu abayizigidi ezingu-7.1 abakhetha izinhlelo zesiliva kwi-HealthCare.gov ngo-2017, abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-5.7 bathenga izinhlelo ezibandakanya ukunciphisa izindleko. Lezi zinsizakalo ngokuvamile ziyanciphisa ama-deductibles amazinga angaphansi kwama-$ 1,000, okwenza ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kufinyeleleke kubantu abangenakukwazi ukuyikhokhela-ngisho nomshuwalense wezempilo.
Kodwa i-BCRA, njenge-AHCA, izoqeda ukuxhaswa kwemali eyabiza izindleko ngemuva kuka-2019. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abantu abakhona manje abakwazi ukuhlela ama-deductibles ka-$ 0 noma ama-$ 500 bazobe babhekana nezinzuzo zokudonsa imali engu-$ 6,000 noma i-$ 7,000. Futhi ngo-2026, amaphrojekthi we-CBO ukuthi lezo zithintekayo zizokhula zibe yizigidi ezingu-13,000 (futhi, ngokucabanga ukuthi ifomula yokubala imingcele ephezulu ye-pocket ishintshwe ukuze i-BCRA isetshenziswe).
Nakuba izinsizakalo zokwabelana ngezindleko zitholakalayo ukuze zibhalise ngenzuzo engenayo ezingeni lama-250 ezingeni lobuphofu, zinikeza inzuzo enkulu kubantu abanenzuzo engenayo ezingamaphesenti angama-200 ezingeni lobuphofu (okwamanje cishe ngamaRandi angu-24 000 kumuntu oyedwa, kodwa ububha Izinga likhuphuka unyaka ngamunye). Laba bantu bazobe befanelekile ukuthola usizo lwe-premium ngaphansi kwe-BCRA, kodwa izinhlelo ezizobe zitholakale-futhi zithengwa ngemali ekhokhelwa imali ye-premium-ziyobe zithatha imali engadliwayo, ezingasetshenziswa kakhulu, ingxenye yesabelo sabo. Futhi kubantu abanenzuzo engaphansi kwezinga lobuphofu, ama-deductibles angaba ngaphezu kwezimali zabo zonyaka.
Umphumela, ngokusho kwe-CBO, ukuthi abantu abangenayo imali engenamathuba amathuba okuba bahambe ngaphandle kwemishwalense yempilo, kunokuba bathengise ukuthengwa okuzodinga ukuba bakhokhe ingxenye enkulu yemali yabo engenayo ukuze bahlangabezane ne-deductible.
Ukuguqulwa kusuka ku-Medicaid ukuya ku-Private Insurance = Okuphezulu Kwangaphandle kwe-Pocket
I-BCRA izoqeda kancane kancane izimali zentuthuko ezenziwa ngcono ezithi manje zizokwazi ukumboza abantu baseMedicaid . Kuzophinde kuguqulwe imali ejwayelekile ye-Medicaid yase-federal kusukela emidlalweni yayo evulekile evulekile kuze kube yilapho isabelo somuntu ngamunye esizobe sesigxile kwinani lentengo yabathengi (okuvame ukukhula kancane kancane kunezindleko zeMedicaid).
Umphumela, ngokusho kwe-CBO, izoba ukunciphisa ama-dollar ayizigidi ezingu-756 zamaRandi kuhulumeni waseMedicaid eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo, ngokuchitha imali ngo-2026 okubekwe cishe ngamaphesenti angama-26 kunokuba kube ngaphansi komthetho wamanje. I-CBO iphinde ishicilele ukuhlaziywa okunwetshiwe , ukulinganisa ukuthi imali ye-Medicaid yase-federal ngo-2036 izoba ngamaphesenti angama-35 aphansi kunokuba ayengaphansi komthetho wamanje.
Umphumela walokhu ukuthi ngo-2026, kuzoba abantu abayizigidi ezingu-15 abambalwa abaseMedicaid kunokuba babe ngaphansi komthetho wamanje, nokuthi ukungafani kuzoqhubeka nokukhula eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo.
Abantu abahlanganiswa yi-Medicaid banomthwalo wemali ebizwa ngokuthi yi-out-of-pocket kuphela. Abaningi balabo bantu abayizigidi ezingu-15 bazobe bengavunyelwe uma belahlekelwa ukufinyelela kuMedicaid. Kodwa labo abaguqula umshuwalense wezempilo wangasese (mhlawumbe ngosizo lwezimali ezikhokhelwa yi-premium) bazobhekana nezindleko eziphezulu eziphezulu eziphuma ngaphandle. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi uma kunikezwa ukuxhaswa kwezimali ze-BCRA, futhi ukuthi izinhlelo zokulinganisa zizoba nenani le-actuarial lama-58% kuphela. I-deductible eyi-$ 13,000 akuyona into engokoqobo kumuntu ohlala ebumpofu noma nje kancane kunobumpofu.
> Imithombo:
> Amasevisi we-Medicare ne-Medicaid Services, 2017 Indawo yokuhweba Isikhathi sokubhalisa Ukusebenzisa Amafayela Womphakathi.
> Ihhovisi le-Budget ye-Congressional. I-HR1628, uMthetho we-Better Care Reconciliation Act ka-2017. NgoJuni 26, 2017.
> Ihhovisi le-Budget ye-Congressional, Ukulinganiselwa Kwezindleko. I-HR1628, uMthetho wezeMpilo waseMelika ka-2017, njengoba udluliselwe iNdlu ngoMeyi 4, 2017 . Ngo-May 24, 2017.
> Ihhovisi likaBongameli be-Congressional, Ukulinganisa Kwezindleko, > I-HR 1628, uMthetho Ongcono Wokubuyisana Wokunakekelwa Wonyaka ka-2017: Ukuchitshiyelwa Ngokwemvelo Ye-Substitute [ERN17500], njengoba Kuthunyelwe kwiwebhusayithi yeKomidi leSenethi kwiBelomali ngoJulayi 20, 2017. Julayi 20, 2017.
> UMnyango wezeMpilo kanye nezinsizakalo zabasebenzi , ukuvikelwa kwabagulayo kanye nomthetho wokunakekelwa okwethenjelwa; Ukuqiniswa Kwemakethe . Ngo-Ephreli 13, 2017.
> I-Federal Register, uMnyango WezeMpilo Nemisebenzi Yabantu. Ukuvikelwa kwesineke kanye noMthetho Wokunakekelwa Kwezinkinga; Isaziso se-HHS Isaziso seNzuzo kanye neMigomo yokukhokha ka-2018; Ukuchitshiyelwa kwezikhathi ezikhethekile zokubhalisa kanye nohlelo lwabathengi olusetshenzisiwe futhi oluhlelekile. NgoDisemba 22, 2016.