I-anatomy encane kakhulu isiza ekuqondeni ukuthi yikuphi ukuhlukunyezwa kwe-patellar. I-patella, noma i-kneecap, ingenye yamathambo amathathu ahlanganisa idolo. Ngamunye walawa mathambo anesigqabhezana sokuzivikela se-cartilage lapho ukuhlangana kwabo kuhlangana khona. I-patella nayo igcwele i-tendon. Le tendon ixhuma isidumbu se- quadriceps sethanga kuze kube shinini (tibia) ngezansi kwamadolo.
I-kneecap igxila phezulu iphansi phansi umkholo ekugcineni kwethambo lesthanga njengoba idolo liguqa. Le-groove ibizwa ngokuthi i-trochlea. I-kneecap iklanyelwe ukuba ifane phakathi nendawo yokugwedla futhi ilayishe ngokulinganayo ngaphakathi kwe-groove. Kwabanye abantu, i-kneecap idonselwa ngaphandle kwe-trochlear groove. Njengoba lokhu kwenzeka, i-kneecap ayifaki phakathi kwe-groove yayo-sibiza le-subelxation ye-patellar.
Izimpawu
Ngokuya ngobukhulu be-patellar subluxation, ukulandelela okungalungile kungase kungabangeli muntu noma yiziphi izimpawu, noma kungaholela ekusatshalweni kwe-patella (lapho i-kneecap iphuma khona ngokugcwele). Ngokuvamile, ukuhlukunyezwa kwe-patellar kungabangela ukungahambi kahle nomsebenzi nobuhlungu nxazonke zomculo we-kneecap, obizwa ngokuthi i-patellofemoral syndrome, noma i-PFPS.
Abantu abaningi abanezimpawu zobuhlungu be-kneecap kuthiwa bane-patella subluxation noma i-maltracking ye-patella.
Lezi zinkinga, nge-mechanics yokuthi i-knee joint igoba kanjani, kucatshangwa ukuthi iyimbangela evamile yezimpawu ezivela ebuhlungwini bamadolo kuze kube khona ukuguqulwa kwe-kneecap.
Izimbangela
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezici ezithinta imbangela ye-subelxation ye-patellar. Okubalulekile ukuthi izimbalwa eziningana ziholela ekungazinzi kwe-kneecap.
Izinto ezikhona kungenzeka zihlanganisa i-pelvis evulekile, i-groove engajulile ye-kneecap, nokungajwayelekile emkhakheni womuntu.
Kuye kwaba nesithakazelo esikhulu eminyakeni yamuva yendlela indlela izinsizi zethu ezizosiza ngayo ukuhola i-kneecap njengoba iguqa emadolweni. Ngokuyinhloko, imisipha ehambisana nesikhumba isuke icatshangwa ukuthi iyimisipha ebaluleke kunazo zonke ekulawuleni umshini wokuhlanganiswa nokuthi i-kneecap ihamba kanjani njengoba igoba lihlangene.
Ngokujwayelekile, ubuhlungu obuhlobene ne-patellar subluxation buboniswa yi-PFPS. Ezinye izimbangela zezinhlungu ze-kneecap zihlanganisa i- knee arthritis , i- patellar tendonitis (i-jumper's knee), ne- plica syndrome . Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi akuzona zonke izimbangela zokuhlukunyezwa kwama-kneecap kuphela umphumela we-patellar subluxation, kanti nezinye izinto zingase zibalulekile ukucacisa imbangela yobuhlungu kanye nezinqubo okufanele zinconywe.
Ukwelapha
Kunezinketho eziningana zokwelashwa ukulungisa ukuhlukaniswa kwe-patellar, futhi ukhetho olufanele kakhulu kuncike ebukhulu besimo kanye nesizathu sokuma okungavamile kwe-kneecap.
Ukwelashwa kufanele kuqala kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-patella ayixhunyiwe. Udokotela wakho anganquma ngokuhlola idolo lakho futhi athole ama-x-ray ukuze abone ukuthi i-kneecap ingaphandle kwe-groove yayo.
Kubantu abane-kneecap dislocation, i-kneecap ingadinga ukuhlelwa kabusha, eyaziwa nangokuthi "iyancipha."
Isikhundla se-kneecap asincike kuphela kumisipha ngokuzungezile ngokuzungezile kwamadolo, kodwa futhi nemisipha elawula isikhundla somphetho wonke. Isibonelo, lapho ithambo lethanga lijikeleza ngaphakathi, i-kneecap izovame ukudonsa ngaphandle kwe-trochlea. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kungani kuthuthukiswa ukuzinza komgogodla kanye neziqhenqo kubaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni umshini wokuguqa ngamadolo nokukhulula ukuxoshwa kwe-patellar.
Ukwelashwa Kwemvelo
Ukwelashwa kuhlanganisa ukwelashwa kwendabuko, okuyinto esetshenziselwa ukuqinisa imisipha ezungeza hhayi nje amadolo kodwa futhi wonke umkhawulo ophansi.
Olunye ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukuqinisa okuyimfihlo kwe-quadriceps akuyona into ebalulekile ekuqedeni izinkinga ze-kneecap. Ukugxila kunalokho ekuqiniseni abductors be-hip kanye ne-hip flexors (okuthiwa ukuzivivinya kokuqina kwe-pelvic) inikeza ukulawulwa okungcono kwe-kneecap ngokuqiniswa komsebenzi wonke umkhawulo.
Ama-braces kanye ne-Tape
Ukuqhaqhazela nokubetha i-kneecap kuyisihloko esibucayi ekuvuselelweni kwezinkinga ze-kneecap. Lezi zikhathi eziningi zinikeza ukukhululeka okuyisimangaliso, kepha akuyona isisombululo sesikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, uma isiguli sinesidingo esinomsoco nge-brace noma i-tape, ngokuqinisekile kufanelekile ukuqhubeka nalokhu njengokwelashwa.
Ukukhethwa kwezikhundla
Izicathulo zenza umjikelezo we-gait . Ukulawula ukuhamba komzimba ukugijima izicathulo kungasiza ukulawula i-gait yakho ngenkathi usebenza futhi unciphisa ingcindezi ku-kneecap.
Ukuhlinzwa
Ezinye iziguli aziphilwanga ngemithi elula kanye nokuhlinzwa okungase kudingeke , ikakhulukazi ezigulini ezinezinhlungu ezibucayi noma ukuhlukaniswa okuphindaphindiwe . Ngokubheka emadolweni nge-arthroscope, udokotela ohlinzayo angakwazi ukuhlola ama mechanical of the knee joint ukuze aqinisekise uma kukhona inkinga engalungiswa.
Ezinye zalezi zindlela zokwelapha okuhlinzekwa zihlanganisa:
- Ukukhululwa kwe-Lateral : Ukukhululwa okusemthethweni kuyinkqubo yokuhlinzekwa eyenziwa ukukhulula ukudonsa kwemigudu eqinile kanye ne-capsule ehlangene eceleni kwegceke. Ngenkathi kuvame ukuhlinzwa okulula kakhulu, kwenza okungenani ukuthuthukisa ukulungiswa kwe-patellar.
- Ukwakhiwa kabusha kweLigament: Ukulungisa noma ukuvuselela imigqa engxenyeni yangaphakathi yamadolo okudonsa izigqoko ze-kneecap sekube ukwelashwa okuvame kakhulu. Lokhu kuvulwa kwenziwa ngokujwayelekile ukuze kulungiswe umgudu we-patellofemoral wangaphakathi (MPFL) ohlangothini olungaphakathi lwamadolo.
- I-Bone Realignment: Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu ukuguqulwa kwamathambo kungadingeka. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamathambo wokuguqula umzimba, ngokuvamile zishintsha isimo se-tubercle ye-tibial, esinquma ukuqondiswa kwe-kneecap.
Ngenkathi ukuhlinzeka kungaba yithuluzi eliwusizo lokusiza ukuphatha izinkinga ze-kneecap, kubalulekile ukuqonda ngokucacile lokho umgomo wokuhlinzeka nokuthi indlela insiza kanjani ukulungisa inkinga engaphansi. Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi, ukuhlinzeka nge-arthroscopic kwenziwa, kanye nenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi ukukhululwa kwe-lateral, ngezinkinga ezingacacile ze-kneecap.
Ngenkathi ezinye iziguli ziphuthumayo, abanye abazange baphumelele ngokuhlinzwa. Ukwenza nje ukuhlinzeka, ngaphandle kokuqonda inkinga ethile ehloselwe ukulungiswa, kungaholela emiphumeleni engaqinisekisayo. Xoxa ngalolu khetho uma kungukuthi udokotela wakho uyancoma futhi uqiniseke ukuthi kuyindlela engcono kakhulu ngesimo sakho.
Izwi elivela
Umsebenzi we-Kneecap ubaluleke kakhulu kumakhansela avamile asemadolweni, futhi uma i-kneecap ingabanjwa kahle, abantu bangazizwa ubuhlungu obukhulu nokukhubazeka. Ukulungiswa kwe-patellar subluxation kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwempahla kungase kufezwe ngendlela yokwelashwa okungenasidingo, futhi ukwelapha okuyisisekelo kuyindlela yokwelashwa ehlose ukuthuthukisa ukukhishwa kwemishini emkhawulweni ophansi.
Kodwa-ke, kunezimo lapho ukuhlinzwa kungadingeka khona. Kulezi zimo, ukukhetha ukuhlinzwa okulungile kubalulekile ekutholeni impatho ngemithi.
> Imithombo:
> Smith, T. Donell, S. Ingoma, F., Hing, C. Izikhungo Zempilo Zomphakathi Zomphakathi Wezokwelapha. "Ukuhlinzeka ngokuhlinzekwa ngokungahambi kokuhlinzeka ngemva kokwelashwa kwe-kneecap." Okthoba 2014.
> Koh JL, uStewart C. "Ukungazinzeki kwePatellar." I-Orthop Clin North Am. 2015 Jan; 46 (1): 147-57.