Isu lase-US lenzelwe ukuqhuma okungenzeka
Izifo
Ngokwezikhungo zokulawulwa nokuvimbela izifo (CDC), i-ingulube iyisifo esicindezelayo, esithathelwanayo, futhi ngesinye isikhathi esibangelwa igciwane le-variola. Izimpawu ze-ingulube ziqala nge-fever ephezulu, ikhanda nenhloko yomzimba, futhi ngezinye izikhathi zihlanza. I-rash ilandela ukuthi isakazeka futhi iqhubekela phambili ekukhuliseni ama-bumps kanye nama-blisters agcwaliswe ngamapulitiki okuyi-crust, scab, futhi awela ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu, eshiya isikebhe esisiboshwe.
Umuntu ovezwe igciwane lesibungu lesibungu sebungukuqala ngeke abe nezimpawu futhi angenasifo. Ngesinye isikhathi phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-7 kuya kwezingu-17 kamuva, izimpawu zizoqala. Lo muntu uba nesifo esithathelwanayo uma kuqala ukuqhuma, futhi ulokhu usakazekile kuze kube sekugcineni ukubola kwesibungu sezinambuzane.
Ubungozi Besikhumbuzo
Isikhumba, uma sisetshenziselwa isikhali, singasongela kakhulu ngoba:
- isakazeka emoyeni lapho umuntu olelekile ephefumula, ekhuluma, ehleke noma ekhwehlela
- ingahle isakazwe yizingubo ezigciwane noma izibhebhe zokulala
- ingahle isakaze kunoma yisiphi isimo sezulu noma inkathi
- akukho ukwelashwa noma ukwelashwa
- odokotela abambalwa bebengayazi isikhukhumba uma bebona
- Abantu abasindayo bashiywe izibazi ezimbi emzimbeni noma ubuso babo, kanti ezinye ziyimpumputhe
- Abantu abangama-30% noma ngaphezulu abahola isikhukhumba bayafa
Isibungu sabantu abaningi baseMelika ema-1700s (bheka incwadi ka-Elizabeth Fenn, i- Pox Americana , ukuze uthole imininingwane). Noma ubani owazi ngakho uyayesaba.
Uma kwenzeka amacala ambalwa abekwe abezindaba kuzoba nokukhathazeka okubanzi, ngisho nokwesaba.
Yini Eyenziwa Ngomkhuhlane Ongenzeka?
Njengoba isimo sokugcina sesibhokisongo senzeke ngo-1977 eSomalia, ososayensi kuye kwadingeka bathembele ocwaningweni okwenziwa ngaphambi kwalokho, kanye nokuqagela kwabo okuhle kakhulu, uma bezama ukuhlela ukuqhuma.
Nakhu esikwaziyo, nokuthi kwenzekani:
1. Abantu abagonywe eminyakeni eminingi edlule angeke bavikeleke.
Ukugonywa kunika umkhuhlane kwisifo, kodwa hhayi njalo; ososayensi ngokuvamile bayavuma ukuthi ukukhulelwa komzimba okuphelele kuqhubeka iminyaka engu-3-5. Emva kwalokho, iqala ukuphela. Ucwaningo olunyatheliswa ngo-1972 lwabonisa isilinganiso sokufa se-11% abantu abagonywe iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 ngaphambi kokuba kuvezwe isikhukhumba.
Ososayensi bayazi ukuthi uma umuntu evezwe yisifo se-ingulube, ukunikeza umuntu umgomo wokugoma kungakapheli izinsuku ezingu-4 kunciphisa ubuhlungu besifo noma kumvimbele ukuba angayitholi.
Uhlelo lukazwelonke lokulungiselela ukukhulelwa kwesibhukela
Ngenyanga kaDisemba 2002 uhlelo lwe-US National Smallpox Preparedness lwaqala ukuvikela amaMelika ngokulwa nesibhukela, uma kufanele lisetshenziswe njengezikhali eziphilayo. Amathimba Wokuphendula Nge-Smallpox ayokwakha emiphakathini kulo lonke izwe. Amalungu eqembu, kuhlanganise nabasebenzi bokunakekelwa kwezempilo, abasebenza ngokushisa umlilo, amaphoyisa kanye namavolontiya, bagonywa ngokumelene nesibhokotshi futhi ngaleyo ndlela bangasabela ekugqaseni ngaphandle kokuthola lesi sifo. UMnyango wezokuVikela waqala nokugoma abasebenzi basezempi kanye nabasebenzi basezombusazwe abaya ezindaweni ezinobungozi.
Ngomhla kaJanuwari 24 -Disemba 31, 2003, ukugonywa kwe-ingulube kwahlinzeka kwabasebenzi abangu-39.213 bezempilo kanye nabasebenzi bezempilo emphakathini kulo lonke elase-US Abasebenzi abangaphezu kwesigidi kanye nabasekeli bezempi baye bathola ukugoma kwamaphilisi kusukela ngoDisemba 2002.
3. Uhlelo lwempendulo ye-CDC ye-Smallpox Plan kanye nemihlahlandlela
I-CDC isungule uhlelo lwempikiswano yokuphendula nge-Smallpox and Guidelines. Lolu hlelo lubonisa amasu aqondisa ukuphendula komphakathi emphakathini ekugqaseni kwesibungu sezinambuzane emazingeni ase-federal, state, kanye nendawo. I-CDC ithi umgomo wokugoma wezinambuzane awutholakali kumalungu omphakathi okwamanje. Kodwa-ke, uma kwenzeka ukuqhuma, i-ejensi ithi kukhona ukugoma okwanele kwe-smallpox okugcinwe ukugoma wonke umuntu e-United States.
4. Ukufundisa abahlinzeki bezempilo mayelana nokugoma
Ukucatshangelwa okungeziwe ukuthi ukuqeqeshwa odokotela kanye nabahlengikazi indlela yokuphatha umgomo wokuphefumula kahle futhi uqaphele ukuthi ukusabela okuphumelelayo emgodini wokugoma kuyoba inqubo eqhubekayo.
Isikhumba singanikezwa ngesibhamu esisodwa (umjovo) njengamanye amagciwane. Kukhona inqubo ekhethekile esetshenziselwa ukubizwa nge-multiple puncture vaccination. Abahlinzeki bokunakekelwa kwezempilo kumele bafundise nalabo abagonywe ngezimpawu ezingase zenzeke, nokuthi bangayinakekela kanjani isifo endaweni yokugoma.
Ufuna Ukwazi Okuningi?
I-CDC inemibandela ye-Smallpox Basics kanye ne-Overview of Vaccine etholakalayo emphakathini jikelele. Kukhona nekhasi lwazi ku-What We Learn About Smallpox From Movies - Fact or Fiction ekhuluma ngefilimu ye-FX Networks 2005 ye-TV "Isibhokisi" nesiphetho sika-May 2002.
> Imithombo
> Altman, Lawrence K. "Umthelela Wegciwane Lesibhomba Kungase Kube Nesikhathi Eside, Kufundwa Ucwaningo." I-New York Times , 8/29/02.
> Izikhungo zokuLawula izifo. Isikhumba.