Kungani i-potassium ephansi ingaba yingozi, nokuthi ingayiphatha kanjani ngokuphepha
Kusukela ngesikhathi sokuqala sodwa emlonyeni wezitshalo (potash) ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka eyedlule, ukuqonda kwethu i-potassium element yamakhemikhali kuye kwanda. Namuhla, bekungeke kube ukuphoqelela ukuthi impilo, njengoba siyazi, ngeke isenze ngaphandle kwe-potassium. Asibheki nje ekusebenzeni komzimba womuntu lapha. I-potassium, eqinisweni, iyadingeka emsebenzini ojwayelekile cishe zonke izinto eziphilayo.
Umsebenzi omkhulu wePotassium ePhysiology yethu
Inqwaba ye-potassium yomzimba yethu itholakala ngaphakathi kwamaseli, futhi hhayi ngaphandle kwetshezi egeza lawo maseli (okuthiwa i-extracellular fluid). Lokhu kuhlukanisa okukhulu ekugxilweni kugcinwa yi-enzyme eyisisekelo ekugcineni ubuqotho bazo zonke izinqamuzana zezilwane, futhi kuthiwa yi- sodium-potassium ATPase . Lokhu kukhonjiswe ekhanda elivulela iseli.
Le enzyme iqhuma i-sodium out, ne-potassium ku-cell, isilinganiso se-3 kuya ku-2. Lokhu isilinganiso phakathi kokuhlushwa kwe-potassium ngaphakathi kweseli nangaphandle kweseli yiyona amandla okushayela ekwenzeni ugesi wayo, okuthiwa amandla okusebenza, ngaphandle kwamaphi amangqamuzana omzimba namasosha angeke akwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yawo. Ngesikhathi esilandelayo uma uphuza isiphuzo sakho se-electrolyte oyintandokazi nge potassium, thatha isikhashana ukuze uqaphele izindlela ezijulile ezilawula umzimba wakho.
Umsebenzi Wezinso Ekulawuleni Izinga Lase-Potassium
Njengama-electrolyte amaningi, izinso zinomthwalo omkhulu wokulondoloza izinga elivamile legazi le-potassium.
Ngakho-ke, amazinga aphansi nephezulu e-potassium angenzeka ezinkingeni zezinso. Kunezinye izindlela ezithinta izinga le-potassium egazini lethu kanye (njengokudla komlomo nge-potassium njengengxenye yokudla, i-acidity yegazi lethu, njll), kepha ngomzuzu owodwa kuya kwemizuzu nokho, izinso ziyinhloko umlawuli.
Uma ukuhlushwa kwe-potassium kungukuthi igazi liphakeme kakhulu , izinso ziqala ukwedlula ukuphuma ngokweqile kumchamo. Uma izinga liwela phansi kakhulu ukuze lududuze, izinso zinganciphisa ukwedlula okuncane. Ukungakwazi kwezinso ukuphendula ngale ndlela evamile ngisho nalapho ubhekene namazinga aphansi egazi we-potassium kubizwa ngokuthi i-renal potassium echitha.
Izinga Eliphansi Lase Potassium Egazini: Hypokalemia
Ukuchithwa kwe-potassium enamahlombe kuyisinye sezizathu zamazinga aphansi aphansi we-potassium egazini. Ngokombono womqondo, indlela elula yokuqonda izizathu ze-potassium ephansi yegazi ukuhlukanisa lezo zimbangela zibe yizigaba ezimbili: izimo zokunciphisa i -potassium egazini, noma izimo zokulahlekelwa okukhulu . Nokho, nansi uhlu oluphelele kakhulu:
- Ukunciphisa ukungenisa ngomlomo kokudla okuqukethe i-potassium
- Ukwandisa ukulahlekelwa kwe-potassium kusuka emathunjini-lezi zingabandakanya izinhlangano ezifana nesifo sohudo lapho i-potassium ilahlekile ezitsheni, noma ukuhlanza, lapho ukuhlanza okuphawulekayo kungaholela ekulahlekelweni kwe-potassium emcimbini (ngenxa yezinhlelo ezingaphezu kwaleso sihloko).
- Ukwandisa ukulahlekelwa kwe-potassium emcimbini-lesi senzakalo singabonakala ngenxa yezinga eliphakeme le-mineralocorticoids (ama-hormone akhiqizwa i-adrenal gland eyenza izinso ukulawula ukucinwa kwe-potassium), nangenxa yezizathu zangaphandle (ezifana nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, ezaziwa nangokuthi "amaphilisi amanzi", isib. furosemide noma i-hydrochlorothiazide. Ezinye izimbangela zibandakanya izinhlangano ezinjenge- Bartter syndrome , i-Gitelman syndrome, izidakamizwa ezifana ne-amphotericin B, njll.
- Ukungena okunamandla kwe-potassium zibe amangqamuzana, ukuze izinga lingenakulinganiswa ekuhlolweni kwegazi njalo (okuyinto ehlola izinga le-potassium ku-serum, okuyinto i-plasma yetshezi ehlanza amaseli ethu, ichithe amaprotheni athile). Kulezi zimo, inani eliphelele le-potassium emzimbeni liyisisekelo esifanayo futhi akukho ukulahleka kwenetha. Kodwa-ke, njengoba izinguquko zendawo, azikwazi ukulinganiswa. Lokhu kungabangelwa amazinga aphezulu e-insulini, ukuphakama okukhulu kwegazi, njll.
- Ukwandisa ukulahlekelwa kwe-potassium kusuka ekujuleni okukhulu. Lokhu kubonakala ngokukhethekile kwiziguli ezine-cystic fibrosis.
I-Potassium Ephansi Ithinta Kanjani Impilo Yakho?
Ukuguqulwa kwamagesi ethu emisipha namasosha omzimba, noma amandla okusebenza, yisona sizathu esiyinhloko esibonisa izimpawu nezimpawu ongazithola ngenxa yamazinga aphansi e-potassium.
Nasi uhlu olufushane lwezinkinga ongazithola:
- Ubuthakathaka obunamahloni, ukungabi namandla, ama-cramps, njll: Lokhu akubandakanyi nje imisipha yethu ye-peripheral, kodwa ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu kungathinta imisipha ehilelekile ekufakeni ukuphefumula (ukuphefumula). Ngakho-ke, amacala aqinile e-hypokalemia angaholela ekuhlulekeni kokuphefumula nokufa.
- Ukungahleleki kwesigqi senhliziyo: Lokhu nakho kungasongela ukuphila ezimweni ezimbi.
- Ukwandisa umfutho wegazi
- Ukuphakama kwezinga leshukela legazi ngenxa ye-potassium ephansi ebangela ukunciphisa insulin ekusithekeni
- Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi eside, amazinga e-potassium aqhubekayo angabangela ushintsho ezinhlotsheni 'zesakhiwo nomsebenzi.
Ukwelashwa okuphephile kwamazinga aphansi e-Potassium Kuyadingeka
Ukunakekelwa okuqaphileyo nokuphefumula kwe-potassium kungaphatha hypokalemia futhi kulethe amazinga ajwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, imbangela eyinhloko ye-hypokalemia idinga ukukhonjwa kanye nokuthi isifo, futhi hhayi nje isibonakaliso / uphawu lwaso oluphathwayo. Ezigulini ezine-potassium eziqhamuka kakhulu ezivela ezinso, uhlobo oluthile lwemithi, olubizwa ngokuthi i-potassium yokunikeza izidakamizwa lungase lube usizo olukhulu.
Ukuqapha okuqapha kufanele kusetshenziswe nge-complementation yangaphakathi ye-potassium ngoba ukuhlukunyezwa kungaba buhlungu uma kwenziwa ngendlela engafanele, noma ngokushesha kakhulu. Ingozi enkulu kunazo zonke kulezi zimo i-supplementation esiningi noma esheshayo kakhulu, okuzoholela emazingeni aphezulu e-potassium egazini . Njengoba kungenzeka ukuthi uhlangene manje, umzimba wethu usebenza ngokwejwayelekile ngaphakathi kwezinga elithile legazi le-potassium. Noma yini ephakeme noma ephansi kunaleyo ingaba yingozi yokuphila ezimweni ezimbi. Akudingeki ukuthi, ukwelapha i-hypokalemia enzima akuyona iphrojekthi ye-DIY futhi kufanele kwenziwe ngaphansi kokuqondiswa udokotela, noma ngabe uhlela ukwenza ekhaya. Uma imbangela ye-potassium ephansi yegazi ingabonakali, noma uma ukwelashwa kudinga ukuphulukiswa kwe-potassium engavamile, kucabangisisa ukuthola ukubonisana nodokotela ochwepheshe ophethe lezi zinkinga, okungukuthi, isazi sezinkanyezi .
> Imithombo
> Castillo JP. Imikhakha ye-i-potassium ion iphakanyiswe ngu-Na (+) / K (+) - ATPase.Nat Commun. 2015 Jul 24; 6: 7622. i-doi: 10.1038 / ncomms8622.
> Sebastian A. Potassium Renal ukuchitha in renal renbular acidosis (RTA). Ukutholakala kwalo ezinhlokweni 1 no 2 RTA naphezu kokulungiswa okuqhubekayo kwe-systemic acidosis. J Clin Invest. 1971 Mar; 50 (3): 667-678.
> Cheungpasitporn W, et al. I-Pathophysiology ye-hypokalemia ne-diagnosis approach.UJ Emerg Med. 2012 Feb; 30 (2): 384. doi: 10.1016 / j.ajem.2011.10.005. Epub 2011 Dec 12.
> Liamis G. Isifo sikashukela se-diabetes kanye ne-electrolyte.World J Clin Cases. 2014 Okthoba 16; 2 (10): 488-496. Ishicilelwe ku-intanethi ngo-2014 Okthoba 16. i: 10.12998 / wjcc.v2.i10.488