Isifo Esithathu Nezifo Eziyisine
Ngenkathi ukuvuthwa kuvame kakhulu kubantu abancane futhi kunganciphisa isikhumba kuphela, ezinye izinsalela zibangelwa izifo ezitholakale kuwo wonke umzimba. Eziningi zalezi amagciwane nama-bacteria zingabangela izingane ukuba zibone izimpawu zesifo se-dermatologic ezisiza ukuxilongwa nokuphathwa.
Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 leminyaka, odokotela baqonda lokhu kuxhumano, futhi ngo-1905, uDkt. Cheinisse eFrance wachaza izifo eziyisithupha ezivela ekubukeni kwazo emitholampilo futhi wazihlanganisa nezifundo zesifo esisekelwe kubantu.
Odokotela namuhla namanje basebenzisa igama lakhe ngezikhathi ezithile lapho behlukanisa lezi zihlukumeza nokuphatha iziguli. Lesi sihloko sixoxa ngokuthi "Izifo Zesithathu" nesithi "Isifo Sine."
I-Rubella Virus: "Izifo Zesithathu" noma ama-Measles aseJalimane
Njengomvuthwandaba, i- rubella ibangelwa igciwane le-RNA-based spreads ngokusebenzisa amaconsi amanzi noma othintana ngqo. Esikhathini esedlule, abanye emphakathini wezokwelapha okuthiwa i-rubella "isisimungumane saseJalimane," kodwa leli gama alisetshenziswa kakhulu e-United States.
I-Rubella ngokuvamile ibumnene kubantu abadala kanye nezingane ezindala ezingaphezulu kwesigamu sabo bonke abantu abanegciwane abangabonisi izimpawu. I-Rubella ingaba ukutheleleka okungathí sina kwezingane ezingakazalwa, nokho, nge-90% yokudluliselwa komama kuya komntwana. Ngenxa yokugoma okungaphelele emhlabeni wonke omama, izingane eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-110 000 zizalwa nge-rubella isifo njalo ngonyaka. Izinsana eziningi zibhekene nezifo ezinzima zokubeletha, ukungazithulu phakathi kwabo, kanye nokubeletha kwezinhlekelele.
Ukubukeka
Ukushisa kwe-rubella kuqala ebusweni futhi kuhilela ngokushesha esifubeni, emuva nangemilenze. Iqala amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu emva kokuchayeka futhi iphela phakathi kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Ukuqhaqhazela, njengesimungumungwane, kunomphuzi obomvu ezindaweni ezibomvu, cishe njalo njalo, okuvame ukuhlangana ukuyeka ukubonakala okubomvu okufanayo.
Ukuxilongwa
Odokotela baxilonga i-rubella ezigulini zabantwana nabadala abanomlando nokuhlolwa ngokomzimba. I-Rubella, ngokungafani nesimungumungwane, ngokuphawulekayo kubangela ukuvuvukala kwama-lymph nodes ngemuva kwentamo nezindlebe ngaphezu kwe-lymph node ukuvuvukala phambi kwentamo. Ukushiswa kwe-rubella kubuye kubalulekile ekuxilongweni, kanye nomlando wokuchayeka. Izingane zingase zibe nama-low grade grade, kanti abanye babhekana nesicanucanu nokubomvu kweso. Abesifazane abakhulelwe bathola ukuhlolwa okulula kwegazi ngenxa yegciwane lesandulela ngculaza njengokutheleleka ngenkathi ukhulelwe kungaba ukukhubazeka futhi kusongela ingane engakazalwa. Ngezinye izikhathi iziguli zithola ukuhlolwa kwegciwane ngokulandelana kwegciwane ngokwayo kumacala angacacile.
Ukwelapha
Ukwelashwa kwezifo ze-rubella kubantu abadala, izingane, nezinsana kuyinkathazo yokusekela, ikakhulukazi okuphuza, nokuphumula. Kulabo abathintekile, kuhlanganise nezingane ezintsha, ukunciphisa ukuxhumana nomuntu ongenawo omzimba kunconywa isonto elilodwa. Ukwelashwa okungcono, noma kunjalo, ukuvimbela. I-Rubella yokugoma ivela emasimini, inhlanganisela , nomuthi wokugoma . Umthamo owodwa unikeza iziguli ezingamaphesenti angu-95% impilo yonke ekutheleleni kwe-rubella.
Isibikezelo
Izingane ezindala nabangabantwana abathinteka yi-rubella ngokuvamile ziba nokugula okuncane futhi ngokuvamile zilulame ngaphasi kweviki ngemva kokuvela kwe-rash.
Izinsana ezingakazalwa ekukhuleni kwazo kokuqala zengozi enkulu, noma kunjalo futhi zingabhekana ne-rubella syndrome ebusweni, okubandakanya ukuzwa ukukhubazeka-ukungazithulu ezimweni eziningi-ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo, nezinkinga ze-thyroid. Ngaphambi kokuba umgomo uphuthuke ngawo-1960, cishe izingane ezingama-0.5% ezazalwa emhlabeni wonke zazinomqondo othize we-rubella syndrome yokuzalwa. Lezi ziphutha zokuzalwa ngokuvamile ayinakuguqulwa.
Isifo Sesikhumba Esibizwa Nge-Staphylococcal Scalded noma "Isifo Sesine"
Iningi lezincwadi zezokwelapha zanamuhla azikhulumi ngesifo sikaDuke noma ezinye izikhombisi ezibhekene nezifo ezine. Kuyisimo esikhuliswe ku-trivia yezokwelapha futhi sekuye kwaxhaswa, kodwa kufakwe lapha ukuze kubhekiswe.
Kungase kubhekane nesifo se-staphylococcal scalded , okubangelwa ukutheleleka kwe-bacapia ye-staphylococcal nokukhululwa kwe-toxin engxenyeni yegazi lomuntu.
Ukubukeka
Ukushona kuvame kubonakala ezinganeni futhi kuqala ngokubonakala kobomvu emlonyeni okuhlanganisa okuningi komzimba ezinsukwini ezimbili futhi kungaba nethenda. Ukusebenzisa ingcindezi encane ngecala kuya ekuhambeni komunwe emathunjini esikhumba kubangelwa ukufuduka kwezingqimba zesikhumba, i-epidermis ephuma emdemeni, eyaziwa odokotela njengesibonakaliso esihle sika-Nikolsky. Ngokuvamile izilonda ziba amabhalantshi agcwele amanzi. Ama-blisters azophuka abese eholele ekuhloliseni. Phakathi nezinsuku ezingu-7-10, isikhumba sithuthukisa futhi siphulukisa ngaphandle kokuqeda isikhathi eside. Ukutheleleka kwama-bacterial Secondary wezilonda kungabangela ukonakala. Ukuqubuka akukaze kube khona embranini emangcwabeni.
Ukuxilongwa
Odokotela baxilonga ngemithi yokwelashwa kwe-staphylococcal yesikhumba, ngokuvamile ngomlando nokuhlolwa komzimba. Uma kunesidingo, amasiko egazi kanye ne-biopsy yesikhumba yezindawo ezithintekile angaqinisekisa ukuthi ukuxilongwa.
Ukwelapha
Iziguli zezingane zidinga ukunakekelwa okusekelayo nokuqeda ukwelashwa okuyinhloko. Izindlela zokusekela zihlanganisa ukuvuselela imithi kanye nemithi yokulwa nomkhuhlane ehlanganisa i- acetaminophen (iTylenol) . Imithi yokwelapha ngama-antibiotic ihlanganisa nafcillin, oxacillin, noma i-vancomycin. I-Clindamycin nayo isetshenziswa ngezikhathi ezithile ngenxa yokuvinjelwa kwayo kwe-staphylococcal toxins, umshayeli oyinhloko we-skin scalded syndrome.
Isibikezelo
Izingane zilulame kahle ngokunakekelwa nokusekela ama-antibiotic. Iningi lezingane lizoba ngcono kangakapheli izinsuku eziyi-10.
> Imithombo:
> "Mayelana neRubella." Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. 2014.
> Belazarian et al. "Izifo Eziphilayo Zase-Exanthematous." I-Ditzatrick's Dermatology in Medicine General; 2012: 2337-2366.
> Cheinisse L: Ukuphulukiswa kwesifo se-cinquie: Lesi sifo siphumelele: Le megalerytheme epidemique. Sem Med 1905; 25: 205-207.
> "I-Rubella." I-World Health Organization. 2015.