Akusiyisimungulu, kodwa kubangela izinkinga zabo
Akusiyisimungulu.
Yizimpukane zaseJalimane. Kubizwa nangokuthi uRubella.
Ukuze nje udideke, ama-Measles abizwa nangokuthi i-Rubeola.
Lokhu kubangela ukudideka. Amagciwane amabili omabili abangela ukukhulelwa kanye nemifantu ebomvu eqala ebusweni futhi isakazeka.
Ama-virus nakuba ahlukile.
Azihlobene. I-Rubella ibangelwa igciwane leRubella, okuyinto igciwane kuphela kuhlobo lweRubivirus futhi lingomndeni weTobaviridae.
Izishukela zibangelwa i- Morbillivirus emndenini wegciwane lesandulela ngculaza iParamyxoviridae .
Amagciwane nawo enza izifo ezahlukene. Kodwa-ke bobabili emitholampilo ye-MMR - okusho ukuthi i-M-easles, i-M-umps, no-R-ubella (nangomuthi wokugoma we-MMRV ohlanganisa i-Varicella, noma i-Chickenpox). Njengoba amanani okugoma awela emasimungeni, ahlahlela i-rubella ngokwemvelo. Ukuqubuka kwesimungulu kungalandelwa ukuqubuka kwe-rubella.
Iyahamba
Izimila zaseJalimane zibonakala ziqedile ukusuka eNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika. Ngonyaka ka-2015, kwamenyezelwa yizikhulu zezempilo ukuthi akukho icala elavela eNtshonalanga Yezwe. Amacala ambalwa kuphela abonwayo yilowo aphuma ekungeneni okuvela ngaphandle kwezwe. Nokho, ngo-Agasti 2015 icala likhonjiswe eTexas elibonakala lifakiwe. Akukho ukudluliselwa okuqhubekayo okubonwayo.
Yimiphi i-Rubella efana nayo
I-Rubella ibangela ukuqhuma ngamabala amancane, okungenzeka kube obomvu noma okubomvu, okuqala ebusweni nokusabalalisa.
Kubangela umkhuhlane nokukhwehlela, impumu egijima. Abaningi banezinhlayiya ezivuvukala entanyeni nasekhanda, okungase kuphele amasonto ambalwa, ngemuva kokuba ezinye izimpawu seziphelile. Lezi zine-lymph node zilandelele indlebe (i-post auricular), ngemuva kwesilandelayo (ngemuva komlomo wesibeletho), nangemuva kanye nesisekelo sekhanda (occipital).
Abantu abaningi abadala banamajoyini abuhlungu.
Indlela uRubella aphathwa ngayo
I-Rubella ngokuvamile isifo esibi kakhulu kunesisulu. Iningi liba ngcono ezinsukwini ezingu-7 kuya kwezingu-10. Ayikho ukwelashwa okuqondile okuphilisa i-rubella. Kunalokho, ukunakekelwa kuhloswe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi othile uzizwa kahle.
Nakuba kwabaningi ukugula kunobumnene, kunezinkinga ezithile ezibalulekile ezingaba yingozi kakhulu.
Indlela uRubella esakazeka ngayo
I-Rubella isakaza ngamaconsi okuphefumula. Lezi zingasakazeka ngokukhwehlela noma ukugcoba - noma nje ukukhuluma nokuphefumula. Ngenxa yokuthi ukusakazwa yi-droplet, i-Rubella ayinasifo esithathelwanayo njengama-Measles, okuyi-airborne. I-Rubella ingasakazeka kusuka esimweni esisodwa ukuze kubangele amacala amasha ama-5 kuya kwangu-7 (Ama-Measles angabangela 12-18).
Ngemuva kokuchayeka, kuyoba amasonto ngaphambi kokuba izimpawu zithuthuke - ngokuvamile amasonto amabili kuya ku-3.
Abantu basakazeka ngaphambi kokuba babe nezimpawu. Omunye angasakaza lesi sifo ngesonto ngaphambi kokuba azi ukuthi bayagula. Ngokuvamile abantu basabelana ngesonto elilodwa ngaphambi kokushayeka kuze kufike isonto eli-1 emva kokushayeka.
Izinkinga zeRubella
Ukutheleleka kubangela izimpawu ezimbalwa kulabo abancane. Labo asebekhulile, ikakhulukazi besifazane, bangabhekana nezinselelo eziningi. Kufika ku-70% yabesifazane abadala asebekhulile abahlolele ukuthuthukisa amalunga avela kuRubella, kanti izingane zivame ukuzenza.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, i-rubella ingathinta ukukhulelwa. Ngeshwa njengamahlumela we-rubella awela phansi, labo abangenqatshelwe bavame ukuhlangana no-rubella kuqala lapho bekhulile. Lokhu kungabangela nokuba babe nenengozi enkulu kunazo zonke izifo - okungenzeka babe nazo - ezenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
I-Rubella ekukhulelweni.
I-Rubella ku-trimester yokuqala, amaviki angu-20 wokukhulelwa, ingaba yingozi kakhulu. Amantombazane abelethwe omama abene-rubella ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa angabhekana nezinkinga eziningana. Bangaba nezinkinga zamehlo (izilonda), izithulu, izinkinga zenhliziyo, nokulimala komqondo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-Congenital Rubella Syndrome
Ukuqeda Izifo
I-Rubella yaqedwa e-US ngo-2004. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi izifo zenzeka emhlabeni wonke, zingabuyiselwa njalo futhi zithinte labo abangagonywanga. Amacala angu-4000 ayenzeka e-UK ngasekupheleni kuka-1996. Unyaka ngamunye kucatshangwa ukuthi emhlabeni wonke kuzalwa abantu abangu-100 000 abane-Congenital Rubella Syndrome.
Njengoba amanani okugoma we-MMR awela, lokhu kungase kusho amacala amaningi okukhubazeka kwezinsana ezinganeni ezincane.