I- stroke yaziwa ngokubangela ukukhubazeka ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Kodwa, wayazi yini ukuthi kwezinye izimo eziyingqayizivele, ukushaywa komzimba kungahle kuthuthukise ikhono lobuciko lomsindisi olwa nesifo sohlangothi? Ngokuqinisekile akuwona umphumela ovamile wokushaywa yisifo, kodwa kunokwanele izindaba ezibhalwe ngabasindile abanochoko kanye nabasindile bokulimala kwengqondo abaye bathola ukugxila kwekhono lobuciko elibhekwa njengomphumela wangempela futhi oqinisekisiwe we-stroke.
Okumangalisa ukuthi, akukhona nje kuphela izimo zamakhono okuthuthukisa amakhono ngemuva kokushaya, kunezilandisa eziningiliziwe ezichaza amakhono we-novo ngobuciko ngemuva kokushaya. I-post-stroke de novo ikhono lisho ukuthi ikhono elisha lobuciko livele ngemuva kokushaywa, kunokuba nje kuhloswe noma kuthuthukiswe izipho zokudala ezikhona kakade.
Yimaphi Amakhono Asekhono Engaqhamuka Ngemva Kokushaywa Kwesifo?
Iningi lama-akhawunti eningiliziwe amakhono ka-artistic abasebenzisi abasolwa ngokuhlukunyezwa achaza abantu abaqala ukudweba kanye / noma ukudweba ngemva kokushaywa isifo. Azikho izindaba eziqinisekisiwe ezitshela abasindile abahlukumezayo abahlakulela ezinye izinhlobo zezipho zobuciko, njengamakhono omculo noma amakhono okudweba noma ubuhlakani bokubhala.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kunezincazelo eziningi zabantu abane-dementia ethuthukayo yamathalenta ama-novo angaphezu kwalabo abasindile besifo esibucayi abonisa ubuciko obuvelayo.
Kodwa yizindaba zokusinda ezinzima eziye zaveza isayensi yezokwelapha esifundeni sobuchopho okungenzeka ukuthi sinomthwalo wemfanelo ye-novo yobuciko. Izincazelo ezihlongozwayo ze-neurobiological yokuthi ukulimala kobuchopho kungabangela kanjani amathalenta obuciko kungase kuchaze nokuthi kungani ubuciko buwumphumela ovame kakhulu wesifo sokuwohloka komqondo kunokuba kube nokushaya kwesifo.
Ikhono likaDevovo lobuciko lithinta kanjani abahlukumezayo?
Ngokuthakazelisayo, abasindile ababili abanochoko abanamakhono okudweba kaNo novo basanda kuchazwe emibhalweni ehlukene yamacala avela emazweni ahlukene. Laba basindile ababili babenemivimbo e-cortex yangasese. I-cortex yangasese yobuchopho iyingxenye ye- cortex ye- cerebral futhi iyaziwa ukulawula ukwazi nokuziqaphela.
I-cortex ye-cerebral cerebral kanye ne-cortex yesokudla ye-cerebral ihluke kakhulu. Ezingxenyeni zokunene, ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwe-cortex ye-cerebral ngokuvamile ulawula amakhono okufunda izibalo nokukhuluma, kanti uhlangothi olungakwesokudla lwe-cortex cerebral ngokuvamile lilawula amakhono okuhlala kanye nokukwazi ukuqonda izici ezintathu-ntathu zezinto. Zombili lezi ziguli ezichazwe kulo mbiko zinezinhlangothi ezifanele.
Omunye isiguli, owesifazane waseFrance, uchazwe ngo-2010 ku-Journal Pain . Odokotela bakhe bachaza ukuthi ngemva kokushaywa kwakhe kwe-cortex, wayengeyona nje imidwebo ye-novo kuphela, kodwa futhi wabhekwa nokuphoqa. Ngokuthakazelisayo, ithimba lezokwelapha libuye lichaze umcimbi lapho owesifazane ebike khona ubuhlungu lapho eveza lokho okuchazwa ngokuthi 'imibala' ebonisa ukuthi isenzo sakhe sokudweba sasiboshwe kakhulu ekulimazeni kwakhe kwengqondo.
Odokotela baseSao Paulo, eBrazil naseBoston, eMassachusetts bachaze omunye osolwa ngokushaya isifo, indoda eneminyaka engu-67 ubudala, owashaya isifo sohlangothi ngo-2009. Wayesinda esivumelwaneni esasicindezela indawo ebanzi ye-cerebral cortex, kuhlanganise nesobunxele i-cortex yama-insular. Echazwe njengomuntu owayengumsebenzi wesakhiwo owayengakaze abe nesipiliyoni esidlule noma ukuvezwa kwezobuciko, lo wesifazane osolwa ngokushaywa yisifo sokushaya isisu waqala ukudweba nokudweba ngemva kokushaya kwakhe. Ngesinye isikhathi, wayesebenzise isandla ngaphambi kokushaya, kodwa ngemuva kokushaya kwakhe, waqala ukusebenzisa isandla sakhe sokunxele esikhundleni sesandla sakhe sokunene.
Ososayensi bezokwelapha abahlola izici ezingavamile zezipho zika-novo zobuciko ngemuva kokushaywa ngesisu kuphakamisa izincazelo eziningana zamakhono amasha omdwebo ongavela ezimpilweni zabasindile abathile abanochoko njengoba bephuluka esivinini.
Incazelo ichazwe nge-cortex e-insular.
Ubuchopho bethu obuphephile buvumela ukuthi sisebenze ngokufanele emphakathini, sisebenzisa imihlangano yezenhlalo eyamukelekile evame ukuphikisana nokushayela kokuqala kanye nokuziphatha okungalungile. I-cortex yangasese idlala indima enkulu ekugcineni lezi zakhiwo zomphakathi. Uma limele, bese kukhethwa izici eziyisisekelo ezisemqoka zabantu ezithintekayo zivunyelwe ukuthatha.
Ezinye izazi ze-neuropsychologists zikhomba ukuthi bonke (noma abaningi) abantu kakade banesimo sangempela sobuciko esingavimba ngokuzithiba esikufundayo ukuze sikwazi ukusebenza emphakathini ophucukile. Ngokwalolu mbono, uma i-cortex esebenzayo yalimala, imvelo yemvelo yokudala ubuciko ikhishwa futhi ivunyelwe ukuba ikhule.
Izazi ze-neuroscientists zisho ukuthi amathalenta ezobuciko angase abe 'ukufihla' kubantu abanempilo ngenxa yokuvimbela okunamandla okwenziwa ngemisebenzi yobuchopho obuvamile, obuphilile. Lokhu kungachaza ukuthi kungani kukhona imibiko eminingi yabantu abane-dementia abaqala ngokuzumayo ukuxhumana ngokusebenzisa ubuciko. I-dementia, ngaphezu kokushaywa yisisu, ibonakala ukungabi nokuvimbela nokuziphatha okuzimele ngokukhululekile okungase kube okungalungile.
Enye incazelo ukuthi i-cortex efanele ye-cerebral iyabangela ukuqonda okujulile , ingxenye ebalulekile yokukhiqiza imidwebo nemidwebo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngemva kokushaywa yisifo, abasindile benza inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-neuroplasticity, eyenza ezinye izindawo eziphilile zobuchopho zisebenze isikhathi esengeziwe sokukhokhela izifunda ezimele. Abasindile abahlukumezekile abahlakulela amathalenta e-artistic ngemuva kwe-stroke engakwesobunxele bangase babhekane neuroplasticity ehlanganisa ukuhlaselwa kwe-cortex efanele ye-cerebral.
Amakhono Ezobuciko Ngemva Kokushaya Isisu
Ngokuyinhloko, abaculi balahlekelwa amathalenta abo kanye namakhono ukudala izicabha zobuciko ngemuva kokushaya. Ithimba labodokotela abavela eParma, e-Italy lichaza ukwehla okuphelele emininingwaneni, ukubunzima, nokusebenza kahle kwemisebenzi yabaculi abasungulwe abaye bahlaselwa isifo. Iningi labaculi abanemivimbo echaphazela i-cortex ye-cerebral kwesokudla ilahlekelwa ikhono lokumelela ukujula okubonakalayo kanye nemicabango engabonakali njengokucacile ngaphambi kokushaya.
Izibhamu zingabangela ushintsho embonweni, njengokulahlekelwa kombono wendawo noma ukulahleka kombala . Abasindile besifo esibucayi ababonisa amakhono amasha omculo noma abathola ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono obuciko ngokuqinisekile behlukile ngaphandle kokubusa.
> Imithombo:
> I-Mazzucchi A, iSinforiani E, iBoller F. Izilonda zesikhumba ezigxile emaceleni kanye namakhono okudweba. Intuthuko ekucwaningweni kobuchopho. 2013; 204: 71-98.
> Simis M, Bravo GL, Boggio PS, Devido M, Gagliardi RJ, Fregni F. Transcranial ukukhuthazwa kwamanje ngokuqondile kwekhono lobuciko ngemuva kokushaya. I-Neuromodulation: Ubuchwepheshe ku-Neural Interface . 2013; 17 (5): 497-501. i-doi: 10.1111 / ner.12140.
> Thomas-Anterion C, Creac'h C, Dionet E, et al. De novo umsebenzi wezobuciko olandela i-insular-sII ischemia. Ubuhlungu. 2010; 150 (1): 121-7.