I-stroke ingabangela ushintsho olukhulu embonweni. Esikhathini esiningi, umsindisi olwa nesifo sohlangothi uthola eyodwa kuphela, noma mhlawumbe ambalwa kulezi zinguquko zombono, kodwa hhayi zonke. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izifunda ezahlukene zobuchopho zisebenza ndawonye ukulawula umbono. Ngakho-ke, kuye ngokuthi ubukhulu nendawo yendawo yokushaya, kungenzeka noma angathinti izici ezihlukahlukene zombono.
I-Hemianopsia engaziwa: I-Visual Field Cut noma Ukulahlekelwa Kombono Wemiphahla
Insimu ebonwayo ebonakalayo yilahlekelwa ngombono. Ukunqunywa kwensimu ebonakalayo kungabangela ukulahlekelwa kombono ngakwesobunxele noma ngakwesokudla, enkambeni engaphezulu yombono, emkhakheni ophansi wombono, noma ezindaweni ezihlangene.
Ikhono lethu lokubona umhlaba lithembele ebuchosheni ekubona umhlaba osizungezile njengokungathi uphethi wezinyawo ezine obekwe kahle ngokubambisana ukuze wenze uphase wonke. Uma isifo esihlasela i-hemianopsia engaziwayo , kokubili amehlo alahlekelwa ikhono lokubona "izinhlamvu ezifanayo zokupenda." Ngakho ukulahlekelwa kwensimu okubonakalayo kungabangela kokubili amehlo ukuthi akakwazi ukubona ohlangothini lwesobunxele noma bobabili amehlo abakwazanga ukubona ohlangothini olufanele noma bobabili amehlo abakwazi ukubona phezulu noma izinhlangothi ezingenhla kwesokunxele.
Lokhu kuvumelana kokulahlekelwa kombono okwenzeka ngenxa yokushaywa komzimba kuchazwe ngokuthi i-hemianopsia engaziwa futhi kungachazwa ngokucacile njenge-hemianopsia engaziwa ngokuthi yi-hemianopsia, eyi-hemianopsia engenalo igama, ilungelo eliphezulu le-quadrant hemianopsia, njalonjalo.
I-hemianopsia engaziwa ingabangela uma isifo esilimazayo silimaza isifunda se-lobe esesikhashana, i-parietal lobe noma i-lopitalital lobe. Indawo ethize ye-stroke inquma ngqo indawo yokulahleka kombono. Ukulimala ngakwesokunene sobuchopho kubangelwa ukulahlekelwa umbono wesokunxele wesandla, kanti umonakalo ohlangothini lwesobunxele bobuchopho kubangela ukulahlekelwa kombono ohlangene.
Ukungahloniphi Okubonakalayo noma Ukuqothulwa Okubonakalayo
Ukunganakekelwa okubonakalayo kuhluke kakhulu ku-hemianopsia ene-homonomous. Ukunganakekelwa okubonakalayo yisimo lapho abasindile besifo abakwazi ukubona khona izinto ezikhona endaweni engakwesokunxele sombono.
Lokhu ukunganaki kwesinye icala kungase kube ngokuphelele (ukunganakekelwa okubukwayo) noma kungase kwenzeke kuphela lapho enye into ehlangothini "evamile" ibhekene nokuncintisana (ukuqedwa kokubukwa).
Ukungahoxiswa okubonakalayo nokuqothulwa okubonakalayo kuvame kakhulu uma isifo sithinta i-parietal lobe efanele.
I-Diplopia: Umbono Obubili noma Umbono Ophuliwe
Umbono ophindwe kabili ungumphumela wesifo esibuhlungu esenza buthakathaka imisipha yamehlo ngendlela yokuthi iso linye alikwazi ukuhambelana ngokuphelele nelinye ilanga, linikeza umbono wezinto ezimbili uma kukhona eyodwa kuphela.
I-Diplopia ingaba khona ngaso sonke isikhathi, noma ingaba khona kuphela uma ubheka ngendlela ethile, isibonelo uma uhambisa amehlo akho ngakwesobunxele, ngakwesokudla noma phezulu noma phansi. Ngokuvamile, i-diplopia ingenza umbono wakho ubonakale ungenangqondo noma engaqondakali, kunokuba kabili ngokucacile, njengoba lezi zithombe ezimbili zingase zenzeke, zibonakala ziphazamisekile.
Esikhathini esiningi, i-diplopia ibangelwa ukushaywa komzimba we- brainstem noma i- cerebellum , nakuba ngezinye izikhathi iziphazamiso ze-cortical ne- subcortical nazo zingaveza i-diplopia.
Ukulahlekelwa Kombono
I-stroke ingabangela ukulahlekelwa kombono ophelele ngeso elilodwa, futhi kungavamile, kokubili amehlo. Ukuphela kokulahlekelwa umbono weso elilodwa ngokuvamile kubangelwa ukuvinjelwa komunye wemithwalo yegazi eyenza ukugeleza kwegazi egazini, umthambo wegazi noma igatsha layo elibizwa ngokuthi i- retinal artery.
Abanye abasindile isifo bangakwazi ukulahlekelwa umbono emehlweni omabili ngemva kokushaywa yisifo esihlasela i-occipital lobes, isimo esaziwa ngokuthi ubumpumputhe be-cortical , okusho ukuthi amehlo omuntu osindwa yisifo sithinta ukukhanya (abafundi bangaba ncane ekuphenduleni ukukhanya) njengokungathi uyakwazi usabona. Nokho, ekumpumputhe kwe-cortical, umsindisi oshaya isifo asikwazi 'ukubona' ngoba ubuchopho abukwazi ukubona umlayezo obukwayo.
Ngesinye isikhathi, abantu abalahlekelwe umbono abanakho ukuqaphela ukuthi abakwazi ukubona futhi baziphathe njengokungathi bayakwazi. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i- Anton's syndrome futhi ngokuvamile kubangelwa ukushaywa okubandakanya izindawo eziyinhloko zombono ku-occipital lobes.
Ama-Hallucinations okubukwayo
Ukubheka okubonakalayo kungase kwenzeke ngemuva kokushaya. Ama-hallucinations ahlangenwe nakho noma imibono yezinto ezingezona zangempela.
Isimo esibizwa ngokuthi iCharles Bonnet Syndrome sibonakala senzeke ngokubambisana kwabasindile abanokukhubazeka ngenxa yeso noma inkinga yobuchopho ehilela izindlela ezibukwayo, njenge-cataracts, i-glaucoma, isifo socansi, isisu sobuchopho nokuhlukunyezwa kwekhanda. Abasindile besisu abanesifo sikaCharles Bonnet Syndrome ngokuvamile bayazi ukuthi izinto abazibonayo azizona zangempela.
Ukuphazanyiswa endleleni ebonakalayo ebuchosheni kubangelwa imilayezo ebonakalayo eyinkimbinkimbi ebonakalayo enikezwa emagumbini okubuka ebuchosheni. Ukushaywa yisifo kunoma yimiphi imibono yombono kungabangela iCharles Bonnet syndrome, kodwa kaningi kubangelwa ukushaywa kwesifo esisodwa noma kokubili i-occipital lobes.
I-Achromatopsia noma Ukulahlekelwa Kombala Wombala
Isimo esingavamile esibizwa ngokuthi i-achromatopsia ukulahlekelwa kombala wombala, okuholela ezintweni ezibonakala zibe zimnyama, ezimhlophe, noma zimpunga. Kubangelwa ukuhlanganiswa komonakalo ezingxenyeni eziningana zobuchopho noma ngesiphambeko sezakhi zofuzo, lokhu kungomunye wemiphumela ebonakalayo yokubukeka kwesifo.
Amaurosis Fugax
I-fuurox ye-fiurox is a ushintsho olubukwayo oluhlotshaniswa nokuhlaselwa kwe-ischemic okudlulayo (TIA) , okuyinto isifo esiyingqayizivele, eguquguqukayo. Izimpawu zakudala ze-amaurosis fugax zihlanganisa umqondo wokuthi umthunzi omnyama noma oyimpumputhe uhamba kancane kancane noma kokubili amehlo. Ngezinye izikhathi i-amarousis fugax ichazwa njengokulahlekelwa kombono noma ngokulahlekelwa kombono.
Isici esiyinhloko se-amaurosis fugax yukuthi ithuthukisa ngokushesha ngokushesha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kubangelwa ukuphazamiseka okwesikhashana kokugeleza kwegazi esweni, okuyi-TIA, okucatshangwa njengesixwayiso esandulele. Iningi labantu abakhononda izimpawu ezizwakalayo njenge-amaurosis fugax zilandelwa ukuthi zine-artery ceretid yangaphakathi. Uma imbangela ye-TIA ibonakala futhi iphathwe ngemithi, isifo singagwemeka.
Izinguquko Zombono Azihlanganisiwe Ne-Stroke
Kunezinkinga ezimbalwa ezibonakalayo zombono ezibangelwa izinkinga zamehlo, ubufebe noma ezinye izifo, kodwa hhayi ukushaywa yisifo.
- Izikhukhula
Uma ubona amabala "athambile" ngezikhathi ezithile, lokhu ngokuvamile kuyisifo sesifo sikashukela, esingabangela ukushintsha kwesimo esingathí sina uma kushiywa ungaphathwa. Uma ubona izintambo, kufanele uthole ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuze uvimbele ukulahlekelwa kombono. - Ukubona i-Halos Ebuseduze Nemibala
I-cataract, ngokuvamile ewumphumela wokuguga okuvamile, isifo sikashukela noma ukubhema, ibangela umuzwa wokuthi ubheka ingilazi efuthekayo noma efrijini. I-cataracts ingaphathwa ngendlela efanele futhi ephephile. - Eduzane nobukwe noma obude kakhulu
Izinkinga ezivamile zokubona okubonakalayo nokubona okukhulu kubangelwa ukugxila okungaphelele kwamehlo. Abantu abaseduze babhekene nobunzima ukugxila ezintweni ezikude, kuyilapho abantu ababona kakhulu bebunzima ukugxila ezintweni eziseduze. Lezi yizinkinga zokuzalwa noma ngenxa yokuguga okujwayelekile, kodwa hhayi ukushaywa yisifo. - Umbono kathathu
Ayikho isizathu sangempela sezinto eziphilayo zokubonwa kathathu. Abantu abathi babona izinto eziningi bangaphansi kwethonya lemithi noma izidakamizwa noma bahlangabezana nokukhishwa kwengqondo. - Ukuphulukisa kombala obomvu obomvu
Ubumpumputhe bombala obomvu obomvu buhlukile ku-achromatopsia (uma umuntu engakwazi ukubona umbala.) Ubumpumputhe bombala obomvu obomvu buyimvelo eyabangela ukukhubazeka kofuzo.
Izwi elivela
Enye yezinzwa zethu ezibaluleke kakhulu umqondo wombono. Umbono udinga ukuxhumana okunzima phakathi kwamehlo nobuchopho. I-stroke ingabangela ushintsho oluningana embonweni, kuye ngobukhulu be-stroke, nokuthi yisiphi isifunda sobuchopho esithintekile. Ukuvuselelwa kokulahleka kombono kuyinkqubo ende edinga ukubekezela okukhulu nokuphikelela.
> Imithombo:
> Kumral E, Uluakay A, Dönmez İ. UCharles Bonnet Syndrome enesineke ne-Right Medial Occipital Lobe Infarction: Isifo sokuhlushwa noma ukuhlukunyezwa kwePhenomenon? I-neurologist . 2015; 20 (1): 13-5
> Michael D. Melnick, Duje Tadin noKrystel R. Huxlin. Phinda ufunde ukuze ubone ukungcola kwama-cortical. I-Neuroscientist . 2016; 22 (2): 199-212.