I-Malaria, ukutheleleka kwe-parasitic, kubangela ukugula okuthinta kakhulu amaseli obomvu egazi. Izimpawu zokutheleleka kwe-malaria zingaba ngokulinganayo, kepha imiphumela embi ingenzeka.
Amakhambi asekhaya asekelayo njengokuhlala e-hydrated nokuphumula angakusiza uhlale ukhululekile njengoba uphila. Kodwa-ke, imishanguzo yokulwa negciwane lesandulela ngculaza iyinhloko yezokwelapha nge-malaria.
Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukungenelela kwezokwelapha okukhethekile kungadingeka ukuphatha ezinye izinkinga ezimbi.
Ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu ukuvimbela. Ukuvimbela i-malaria nokugoma nokuguqula indlela yokuphila kunconywa uma usengozini yokungena.
Amakhambi asekhaya kanye nendlela yokuphila
Awekho amakhambi asekhaya angaphulukisa ukutheleleka kwe-malaria noma ukuvimbela izinkinga zalo eziyingozi, kodwa ukuphathwa kwekhaya kungakusiza ukwenze ukhululekile ngenkathi ukutheleleka kwakho kukwelashwa ngemithi yokwelashwa.
Lezi zindlela zokwelapha ekhaya zinganciphisa ezinye zezindaba ezivamile ezenzeka nazo zonke izinhlobo zokutheleleka. Qiniseka ukuthi:
- Thola uketshezi okwanele
- Gcina ukudla okunempilo okwanele
- Hlala ekushiseni okunethezeka, uphuza iziphuzo ezifudumele noma ezipholile noma usebenzisa ama-blanket afudumele noma amaphakethe e-ice uma uzizwa ubanda noma ushisayo
- Thola ukuphumula okwanele
Qaphela ukuthi nakuba kungase kube namasiko kanye namasiko wendawo kubantu abahlukunyezwa yi-malaria, azikho izindlela ezihlukile zokuphila-izindlela zokwelashwa ezibhekiswe kumlondlova.
Imithi yokwelapha ngaphezulu
Kukhona imithi embalwa engaphezu kwele-counter engasiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu ze-malariya, kodwa ayiphilisi ukutheleleka noma ukuvimbela izinkinga. Zama:
- Imithi yobuhlungu, njengoba kunconywe udokotela wakho
- Imithi yokulwa nomkhuhlane , njengoba kunconywe udokotela wakho
Qaphela ukuthi kuzo zombili lezi zikhetho, kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uphephile ukuthatha.
Izikhathi eziningi, imithi efihla umkhuhlane ingabangela ukuthi ungaphuthelwa isibonakaliso esibalulekile sokuthi okuthile akulungile.
Imigomo
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zemithi yokwelashwa esetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukutheleleka kwegciwane kanye nemigomo embalwa engasetshenziswa ukulawula izimpawu zesifo.
Imithi yokulwa ne-Malaria
Imithi ejwayelekile kakhulu yokwelapha ukutheleleka nge-malaria yilezi:
- I-Chloroquine
- Quinine
- Primaquine
- I-Doxycycline
- I-Hydroxychloroquine
- I-Mefloquine
- Imithi yokwelapha esebenzisa i-Artemisinin (ACT)
- Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-atovaquone ne-proguanil
Enye noma eminingi yale mithi ingase iphumelele kuwe. Ngokuvamile, inhlanganisela yemithi isetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ukuphindaphindiwe nokugwema izifo eziqhubekayo ngenxa yokuphikiswa kwemithi. Udokotela wakho uzokukhetha imithi efanelekile ngokusekelwe ezicini eziningana, kuhlanganise:
- Yisiphi isifo se-malaria esibangele ukuthi usulelekile
- Isifunda lapho uthola khona ukutheleleka
- Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unesifo esithathelwanayo
- Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungaba ne-contraindication, ukungezwani komzwelo noma ukuzwela kunoma imiphi imithi
Isibonelo, amaCenter for Disease Control (CDC) kanye neWorld Health Organisation (WHO) benze izincomo zokwelashwa eziningana ezisekelwe esifundeni lapho i-malaria ithola khona futhi uhlobo lwezinhlobo ze-malaria.
Ezinye zalezi zincomo zihlanganisa:
- Ngokusho kwe-CDC, i-chloroquine noma i-hydroxychloroquine kunconywa ukwelashwa kwe- P. malariae, engahlotshaniswa nokuphikiswa kwe-chloroquine, inkinga ephawuliwe nezinye izinhlobo ze-malaria.
- I-WHO itusa ama-ACTs ukwelashwa kwe-malaria engaqondakali ebangelwa i- P. falciparum parasite.
- Ngokusho kweCDC, izifo ezitholakala eCentral America entshonalanga yePanama Canal, iHaiti, iRiphabliki yaseDominican Republic, kanti iningi leMpumalanga Ephakathi azihlotshaniswa nezinkinga ezingamelana ne-chloroquine futhi zingelashwa nge-chloroquine.
- Ngokusho kwe-WHO, i-ACTs noma i-chloroquine kufanele isetshenziselwe ukuphatha izifo ze- P. vivax ezindaweni ezingenakuphikiswa kwe-chloroquine P. vivax .
- I-Primaquine ingasetshenziswa ekwelapheni i- P. vivax ne- P. ovale malaria.
Imigomo Yokuphatha Ukugula
Ngaphandle kokwamukela imiyalelo esebenza ngokumelene ne-parasite, ungadinga imithi kadokotela ukuze uphathe ezinye zezibonakaliso zokugula kwakho, kuhlanganise ne-nausea nobuhlungu. Lezi zingahle zibekiwe noma izincomo ezithile zinganikezwa udokotela wakho.
Ukuvimbela
Ithuluzi elinamandla kunazo zonke ngokumelene ne-malaria liwukuvimbela . Kukhona amasu amaningana ongawasebenzisa:
- Ukugonywa : Uma uhlala endaweni lapho ungase utholakale khona nge-malaria, noma uma uhamba endaweni ongase utholakale ngayo ne-malaria, kungase kudingeke ube nokugoma kwe-prophylactic ukukuvikela ekuguleni.
- Ukuphuza umuthi : Izifayili ezisebenza njengama-repellents angangenisa umsizi zingasiza ukunciphisa amathuba okuthola igciwane lesandulela ngculaza ngokusebenzisa umlingo wokulunywa.
- Ukuvikelwa ngokomzimba : Ukugqoke izingubo ezimboza umzimba wakho kungavimbela ukuhlamba umiyane. Kuvame ukuphakanyiswa ukuba ulale ngaphansi kokuvikeleka kwetende lokungcosana uma usendaweni lapho kulindeleke ukuthi uhlale khona lapho ulala khona.
> Imithombo:
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. Ukwelashwa kweMalariya, Izinkombandlela zabaMtholampilo.
> Gachelin G, Garner P, Ferroni E, Verhave JP, Opinel A. Ubufakazi kanye namasu okuvimbela nokulawulwa kwe-malaria: ukuhlaziywa komlando. I-Malar J. 2018 Feb 27; 17 (1): 96. i-doi: 10.1186 / s12936-018-2244-2.
> I-World Health Organization. Sibutsetelo soMalariya.
> I-Zuber JA, i-Takala-Harrison S. I-malaria enokumelana nemithi eminingi kanye nomthelela wokuphathwa kwezidakamizwa eziningi. I-Infect Drug Resist. 2018 Mar 1; 11: 299-306. i-doi: 10.2147 / IDR.S123887. eCollection 2018.