Kuyini iSproke enkulu?
Kusho ukuthini uma othile enesifo esikhulu ? Ngokuvamile okuthiwa yi- stroke enkulu yomkhumbi , isifo esifundazweni sobuchopho okuthiwa i- cortex ye-cerebral ingathinta indawo enkulu futhi ingaba nomphumela obalulekile.
I-stroke iwukufa kwezicubu zobuchopho ngenxa yokuntuleka kwegazi. Izibonakaliso nezimpawu zokushaya isisu kuxhomeke ekutheni umkhumbi wegazi uvinjelwe, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ingxenye yochungechunge yalimala .
I-cortex ye-cerebral yingxenye enkulu kunazo zonke zobuchopho, futhi ihlukaniswe ngezigaba okuthiwa i-lobes. Izimpawu ze-corroke ye-cortical zixhomeke kuloluphi i-lobe ye-cortex ye-cerebral ehlushwa ukuphazamiseka kwegazi.
I Frontal Lobe yiLote Lobe elikhulu
I-stroke echaphazela ingxenye yangaphambili ye-lobe yangaphambili idala izinkinga zokuziphatha, ukungabi nokuvimbela nezinkinga ezinkulu zenkumbulo. I-dementia yanoma yiluphi uhlobo (i-Alzheimer's, Picks isifo, ukuwohloka komqondo kwemithambo yegazi) ngokukhethekile libhubhisa amangqamuzana omgogodla e-lobe yangaphambili. Ukuntuleka kwenkumbulo kwenza ukuphila kube nzima, kodwa ukuziphatha okungalungile kumuntu omdala kunesinye isimo esiyinselele ekushayweni kwe-lobe yangaphambili. I-stroke kule ndawo ibangelwa ukuphazanyiswa kokugeleza kwesiteleka se-cerebral yangakwesobunxele noma sokunene noma kwesiteleka se-carotid kwesokunxele noma kwesokudla.
Umhlane we-lobe wangaphambili utholakala phakathi kobuchopho, eduze nenhloko yekhanda.
Le ndawo ibizwa ngokuthi i-motor cortex noma i-motor strip, futhi ilawula ukunyakaza kohlangothi oluhlukile lomzimba. Sine-lobe yangasese yangakwesokunxele kanye ne-lobe yangaphambili efanele futhi isebenza ngokuhluke kakhulu komunye nomunye. Ukushaywa kwesibindi sokungena kwesokunxele kubangela ubuthakathaka bengawolo nangemlenze, kanti ukushaywa kwesibindi sokungena phambili kubangela ukubuthakathaka kwengalo yesokunxele nomlenze.
Ukuphazamiseka kokugeleza kwegazi ku-artery ye-carotid kwesokunxele noma kwesokudla noma iseri se-cerebral esiphakathi kwesokunxele noma kwesokudla kubangela ukushaywa komthelela ophazamisa umthamo wesithuthuthu we-lobe engaphambili.
Ingxenye engezansi ye-lobe yangaphambili iqukethe isifunda esikhethekile okuthiwa i-Broca's area. Indawo yaseBraca engakwesokunxele yikhungo sokukhiqiza ulimi kubantu abanikezwe ilungelo kanye neBraca's endaweni efanele yikhungo sokukhiqiza ulimi kubantu abashiywe kwesokunxele. Uma othile enesifo esithinta indawo kaBraca, ukukhiqizwa kwenkulumo kuyingozi kakhulu, kodwa ukuqaphela inkulumo nokufunda kungase kuhlale kuvamile.
I-Parietal Lobe
I-lobe ye-parietal ilawula ukuzwa kanye nombono wezwe. I-lobe ye-parietal itholakala ngemuva kwe-lobe yangaphambili. Ngalunye uhlangothi lwe-lobe ye-parietal ilawula umbono wezinzwa ezifana nokushisa nokuthinta ohlangothini oluhlukile lomzimba. I-stroke ephazamisa i-parietal lobe ibangela ukungabi nalutho kwesandla nomlenze, kuyilapho isifo esithinta i-parietal lobe esifanele sibangele ukuntuleka kwesandla nengalo. Ukwengeza, i-parietal lobe efanele inikeza umuzwa wokuqwashisa, ngakho-ke ukushaywa kwe-parietal lobe kungabangela abantu ukuba banganaki ingxenye eyodwa yomzimba, noma uhlangothi olulodwa lomvelo.
Le syndrome ingenye yezinselele kunazo zonke kuzo zonke izinsalela ezibhekene nabasindile namalungu omndeni. I-parietal lobe stroke ibangelwa ukuvinjwa kwegatsha lomcibisholo ophakathi we-cerebral artery.
I-Lobe yesikhashana
I-lobe yesikhashana itholakala eduze kwamathempeli ohlangothini ngalunye, ngenhla ezindlebeni. Ukulawulwa kwe-lobe yesikhashana ukuzwa kanye nokuqonda ulimi. Abantu abane-stroke ethinta i-lobe ye-temporal ephezulu (ohlangothini lwesobunxele kubantu abanesandla esifanele kanye nohlangothi lwesokudla kubantu abashiywe kwesokunxele) ubunzima obunzima bokuqonda ulimi futhi bangase bazame nokukhuluma-kodwa bangakhipha amagama agxilile azwakala sengathi ulimi oluhlukile.
Kulula kakhulu ukululameka ngenxa yokushaywa kabuhlungu kwendawo yolimi lukaBraca kunesihluku solimi lwesiNgisi sikaWernicke. I-stroke ye-lobe yesikhashana ibangelwa ukuvinjelwa kwegatsha lomcibisholo ophakathi we-cerebral artery.
I-Occipital Lobe
I-lobe ye-occipital ilawula ukuqonda kombono. I-stroke ethinta ilungelo lo-occipital lobe kubangela ukulahlekelwa umbono wesigcawu sokungakwesokunxele kokubili kwamehlo kanye nokushaywa kwesibindi sokungena kwe-occipital lobe kubangela ukulahlekelwa kombono ohlangothini olufanele lwamehlo womabili. Lokhu kungenzeka uma umthambo we-cerebral post noma umthambo we-vertebral uvinjelwe.
I-Cerebral Cortex
Kuyinto engavamile kakhulu ukuba isifo sithinte izinhlangothi zombili ze-cortex ye-cerebral ngoba imithwalo yegazi ehlinzeka izinhlangothi zangakwesokunxele nezingakwesokunxele zobuchopho zihlukanisa entanyeni ngaphambi kokuba zingene ebuchosheni.
I-cortex ye-cerebral ibhekisela endaweni ebanzi, ebanzi endaweni yangaphandle yobuchopho. I-cortex ye-cerebral ngokuyinhloko iqukethe uhlobo lwezincuzi ezibizwa ngokuthi i-gray grey, engenalo ukuchithwa kwamafutha amaningi okukhethekile njengendaba emhlophe. I-neurons ye-cortex ye-cerebral ibonakala igcwele ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Ngokuphambene nalokho, indawo engaphansi kwe-subcortical kanye nobuchopho be-brainstem itholakala ngokujulile ebuchosheni futhi iqukethe indaba emhlophe emhlophe.
Imithambo yegazi
Imishanguzo ebuchosheni iphuma emithanjeni emikhulu imikhumbi emqaleni. Ukusatshalaliswa kweminye imithwalo yegazi ngaphakathi kobuchopho kubonakala kusengaphambili. Uma umuntu enesifo, izibonakaliso nezimpawu zezinzwa zihambisana nendawo ebuchosheni. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ngodokotela wezinzwa ukuthola ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye yobuchopho ethinteka yi-stroke-ngisho nangaphambi kokuba isifundo se-imaging sobuchopho sibonakalise ukungavamile okubonakalayo. Ngokufanayo, isikhathi esiningi kulula ukuba sinqume ukuthi yisiphi isitsha segazi esibangela ukushaywa yizibonakaliso nezimpawu zesifo.
I-stroke ye-cortical ingabangelwa umkhumbi omkhulu wegazi, okuholela endaweni enkulu yokulimala komqondo. I-stroke ye-cortical inesisindo esiphakeme sokuphuma kwegazi kunemivimbo kwezinye izingxenye zobuchopho, ngakho-ke isifo esiyingozi esiqala ekuqaleni ngenxa yokuntuleka kwegazi singashintsha ku-stroke eshaqisayo. Lena enye yemiphumela ebuhlungu kakhulu yokushaywa kwama-cortical. Abantu abanobuhlungu be-cortical nabo bangase bahlakulele kamuva ngenxa yomonakalo wobuchopho obangelwa yisitofu.
Ngezinye izikhathi iziphazamiso zomzimba zibangelwa ukuvinjelwa kwamagatsha amancane, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kungenzeka ukuthi ibe encane noma ngisho nokuthula . Uma izibhamu ezincane ezinama-cortical zenzeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, zingabangela ukuwohloka komqondo kwengqondo .