Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kusetshenziswa ngezindlela eziningi kubantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu futhi kungasetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ithuba lokuphindaphinda, ngenhloso yokulonda (njenge-SBRT), noma njengendlela yokunciphisa ubuhlungu noma ukuhlukana kwezifo ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Nakuba izinzuzo zivame ukwedlula izingozi, kukhona kokubili isikhathi esifushane Kuhle ukukhumbula izinzuzo zokwelashwa lapho ubheka imiphumela emibi futhi uxoxisane ngazo ne- oncologist yakho.
kanye nemiphumela emibi yesikhathi eside okungenzeka. Yimiphi imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile futhi yini ongayilindela?
Isikhathi Esifishane Nesikhathi Eside
Wonke umuntu uphendula ekwelashweni kwemisebe yomdlavuza wamaphaphu ngokuhlukile. Indawo yomdlavuza wakho, impilo yakho jikelele, kanye nezinye zokwelashwa ozitholayo njenge- chemotherapy zonke zidlala indima ekuzizwa kwakho ngesikhathi ukwelashwa kwakho. Abanye abantu baqaphela izimpawu ezimbalwa kakhulu, kuyilapho abanye bethola lezi zimpawu zihlupha kakhulu.
Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa ukwelashwa kwendawo, ngakho-ke izimpawu eziningi zivela endaweni okuphathwa ngayo. Endabeni yomdlavuza wamaphaphu, isifuba (noma ubuchopho noma amathambo uma isetshenziselwa izifo zamathambo). Ubuchwepheshe obusha buvumela ukuthi imisebe ihanjiswe ngokuqondile ngokuya kwezidumbu, ukwehlisela ithuba lokuthi imiphumela emibi izokwenzeka. Ucwaningo luyaqhubeka ukuthuthukisa izindlela ezengeziwe zokuvikela amaseli enempilo ngokumelene nemisebe.
Imiphumela emibi yesikhathi esifushane ivame ukubonakala phakathi kwamasonto ambalwa okuqala ukwelashwa nokuxazulula okuningi maduzane ngemuva kokuba ukwelashwa kuqediwe.
Imiphumela emibi yesikhathi eside ingase ivele izinyanga noma ngisho neminyaka emva kokwelapha. Kuhle ukukhumbula izinzuzo zokwelashwa lapho ubheka imiphumela emibi futhi uxoxisane ngazo ne-oncologist yakho.
Ake siwaphule phansi izimpawu ongazithola ngokushesha, futhi lezo okufanele uziqaphele phansi.
Ngezansi kwekhasi, sinikeza isixhumanisi solwazi mayelana nokuphatha zonke lezi zimpawu.
Imiphumela emibi yesikhathi esifushane
Imiphumela emibi yesikhathi esifushane ivame ukuqala phakathi kwamasonto ambalwa ngemuva kokuqala ukwelashwa kwemisebe. Ngisho noma i-oncologist yakho ye-radiation ikutshele ukuthi ungathola lezi zimpawu, qiniseka ukuthi uyamtshela uma kwenzeka.
I-Skin Irritation
Ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa ukuqala ukwelashwa kwemisebe yakho isikhumba sakho esiphezulu kwendawo yokwelashwa singase sibomvu futhi sithukuthele. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kulandelwa ukoma futhi kukhishwa amaviki amabili kuya kwamathathu kamuva. Njengoba isikhumba sakho siphulukisa, singase sibonakale sibumnyama, njenge-suntan. Ukucasula isikhumba kuvamise ukuxazulula phakathi kwamasonto ambalwa ekuqedeni ukwelapha, nakuba ukunyamala kwesikhumba sakho kungase kuhlale. Ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kufanele kunikelwe ukugwema ukushisa kwelanga. Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-lotions nama-creams angase aqukethe amakhemikhali acasulayo, futhi ukugwema ukushisa okukhulu noma okubandayo kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukucasuka okuqhubekayo esikhumbeni sakho.
Ukukhunjulwa kwemisebe kuyisenzo sokuvuvukala okwenzeka ngezinye izikhathi lapho abantu bethola ukwelashwa kwama-radiation kanye ne-chemotherapy ndawonye. Njengoba kutholakala cishe ngamaphesenti angu-10 abantu abathola lezi zelashwa ngesikhathi esisodwa, kungenzeka ukuthi kubonakala sengathi ukushisa kwelanga okunzima ngokubethisa, ukubomvu okwedlulele kesikhumba, nokuvuvukala.
Ukulahlekelwa Izinwele
Ukulahlekelwa izinwele kungenzeka esifundeni lapho uthola khona imisebe, kungaba isifuba sakho njengomdlavuza wamaphaphu noma ikhanda lakho uma uphathwa nge-metastases yobuchopho. Ngokungafani nokulahlekelwa izinwele ezikhishwa yi-chemotherapy, ukulahlekelwa izinwele kusuka ekwelashweni kwama-ray ngokuvamile kuvame.
Ukwelashwa / Ukuphuza Ukuphuza
Ukwelashwa kwe-radiation kunciphisa izinga le-surfactant yamaphaphu, into esiza i-alveoli emaphashini ukwandisa. Lokhu kungabangela ukukhwehlela owomile noma ukuphefumula. Ngezinye izikhathi, ama-steroids anikezwa ukuphucula lezi zimpawu. Ukuphefumula kanye nokukhwehlela okuhambisana nomkhuhlane kungase kube uphawu lwe-pneumonitis (bheka ngezansi).
Ukukhathala
Iningi labantu lizwa ukukhathala ngesikhathi se-radiation therapy futhi kungaba nzima. Ukukhathala kuvame ukuqala amasonto ambalwa emva kokuqala kokwelapha futhi kuvame ukwedlula isikhathi. Ngokuvame ukwedlula amasonto ayisithupha kuya kweziyisishiyagalombili ngemuva kokuqeda ukwelapha. Abantu abaningi bayakwazi ukuqhubeka nomkhuba wabo wansuku zonke ngesikhathi kusetshenziswa imishanguzo ye-radiation, kodwa kubalulekile ukuthola ubuthongo obuningi ebusuku futhi uvumele isikhathi sokuphumula phakathi nosuku njengoba udinga. Kunezindlela eziningi lapho ukwelashwa komdlavuza noma umdlavuza ngokwawo kungabangela ukukhathala.
I-Esophagitis
Njengoba isisu (i-tube ephuma emlonyeni kuya esiswini) ihamba ngesifuba, imisebe emaphashini ingabangela ukuba ithukuthele. Ubuhlungu noma ubunzima ngokugwinya, ukushaya inhliziyo, noma ukuzwa kwesikhumba emqaleni wakho kungenzeka. Izimpawu ngokuvamile ziqala amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu emva kokuqala ukwelashwa futhi zingaphonsa amasonto ambalwa emva kokuqeda ukwelashwa.
Imiphumela Yesikhashana Yesikhathi Eside
Imiphumela emibi yesikhathi eside ingase ivele futhi ngemva kokwelashwa kwemisebe. Njengoba ezinye zalezi zingase zingatholi amasonto noma eminyakeni emva kokuphulukiswa kwemithi yakho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela lokhu futhi ukhulume nodokotela wakho uma unayo izimpawu.
I-radiation Pneumonitis
I-radiation pneumonitis iyimpendulo evuthayo yamapayipi kuya emisebeni engaba khona izinyanga ezi-1 kuya kwezi-6 kulandela ukupheliswa kwemithi yokwelashwa. Kuvamile, kuthinta amaphesenti angu-5 kuya ku-15 abantu abane-radiation yomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Izimpawu zihlanganisa umkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, ukuphefumula, futhi kutholakala ngokususelwa ekushintsheni okwenziwe kwi-x-ray yesifuba. Njengoba ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu kuphela kungabangela ukukhwehlela nokuphefumula, kubalulekile ukuthi ube nenhlawulo ephezulu yokusola uma ubhala noma yiziphi izinguquko.
Ukwelashwa kwe-radiation pneumonitis ngokuvamile kuyinkambo emfushane ye-steroids (i-corticosteroids njenge-prednisone). Esikhathini esiningi isimo sixazulula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kodwa ngaphandle kokwelashwa kungathuthuka ku-fibrosis ye-pulmonary.
I-Pulmonary Fibrosis
I-fibrosis ye-pulmonary ibhekisela ekubunjweni kwezicubu ezibomvu emaphashini angatholakala ngezizathu eziningi, kufaka phakathi ukwelashwa kwemisebe yomdlavuza wamaphaphu kanye ne-pneumonitis emisebeni. Izimpawu zihlanganisa ukuphefumula nokunciphisa amandla okuzivocavoca.
Ubuthi beCydia
Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kungathinta inhliziyo yakho ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Ngokuvame kakhulu kubangela ukulimala emisipha yehliziyo (i-cardiomyopathy) eyenza inhliziyo ingakwazi ukupompa igazi kuwo wonke umzimba njengoba ngaphambili. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu uma ama-radiation aphezulu emisakazo isetshenziselwa izicubu nama- lymph nodes ehlanganisa i- mediastinum , indawo ephakathi kwamaphaphu eduze kwenhliziyo. Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kungakwandisa ingozi ye-coronary artery disease, izifo ze-valve, noma izilinganiso ezingavamile zenhliziyo.
Ukukhishwa kwe-Pericardial
Ukulimala kwezidakamizwa ezingxenyeni ezihlanganisa inhliziyo (i-pericardium) kungabangela ukwakhiwa kwamanzi phakathi kwalezi zigaba. Uma kwenzeka njalo kungabangela ukuphefumula futhi kungaba nzima ukuhlukanisa neminye imiphumela emibi noma umdlavuza uqobo. Uma i- effusion ye-pericardial ivela ngokushesha, izimpawu zingase zibe nzima ngenxa yekhono elinciphise kakhulu lenhliziyo ukupompa igazi. (Eqinisweni, inhliziyo iyatholwa ngokuqinile).
Amanqamu Asekondari
Umthelela ohlangothini olungaba khona we-radiation therapy ngumphumela wesifo somdlavuza wesibili ngaphansi komugqa ngenxa yethonya lomdlavuza (i-carcinogen) yomphumela wemisebe. Ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu, i-leukemia ingase ingabonakali njengomdlavuza wesibili eminyakeni emihlanu kuya kweyishumi emva kokuqeda ukwelashwa. Amagciwane okuqala ahlanganisa amaphaphu namabele angase ayenze, ngokuvamile avela okungenani iminyaka engu-10 emva kokwelashwa.
Ngaphansi
Zombili imiphumela emibi yesikhathi esifushane noma yesikhathi eside kungenzeka uma unomuthi wokwelapha imitha yomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ngokuvamile lemiphumela emibi iyinkinga enkulu, inomsindo wesikhumba nokukhathala okwenzeka kubantu abaningi. Okunye imiphumela emibi ingase ibe yingozi kakhulu futhi idinga ukuthi wena nodokotela wakho babe nokuqaphela ukuthi kungenzeka, futhi uqhubeke nokuhlolwa uma unempawu.
Kunezinto eziningi ongayenza ukusiza ukuphatha imiphumela emibi. Funda ngezinketho zokwelapha lapho lezi zinkinga zenzeka nokuthi ungayiphatha kanjani imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa kwemisebe .
> Imithombo:
> Society of American of Clinical Oncology. I-Cancer.Net. Imiphumela Ebizayo Yezokwelapha Ze-Radiation. Kubuyekezwe 12/16. https://www.cancer.net/navigating-cancer-care/how-cancer-treated/radiation-therapy/side-effects-radiation-therapy
> Pass, i-Harvey I. Izimiso Nemikhuba Ye-Cancer Lung: I-Official Reference Text ye-IASLC. I-Philadelphia: I-Wolters Kluwer Health / Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2010. Phrinta.