Iphi i-Chemotherapy esetshenziselwa abantu abane-Cancer Lung?
I-Chemotherapy ibhekisela ekusetshenzisweni kwemithi ye- cytotoxic (cell-killing) yokubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza noma ukubenza bangasebenzi kancane. Kukhona imithi ethile esetshenziselwa umdlavuza wamaphaphu awubhekwa njengemithi yokwelapha i-chemotherapy. Umehluko wukuthi izidakamizwa ze-chemotherapy yizo ezinobuthi kuwo wonke amangqamuzana akhula ngokushesha emzimbeni, kufaka phakathi amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
I-Chemotherapy Isebenza Kanjani?
Imithi ye-Chemotherapy isebenza ngokubulala amaseli ahlukanisa ngokushesha.
Njengoba amangqamuzana omdlavuza ehlukanisa kaningi ngaphezu kwamangqamuzana amaningi, atholakala kakhulu kulezi zidakamizwa. Amanye amangqamuzana avamile ahlukanisa ngokuqhubekayo, njengezinwele zezinwele, izambatho zesisu, nomnyofu osenza amangqamuzana abomvu namhlophe. Lokhu kubangela eminye yemiphumela emibi eyenzeka ngesikhathi samakhemikhali, njengokuphuza izinwele, isisindo sezinyosi, kanye nokubala kwe-cell cell ephansi. Imithi ehlukahlukene yamakhemikhali yokwelapha isebenza ngezigaba ezahlukene zokuhlukaniswa kwamaseli. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ngokuvamile imithi emibili noma ngaphezulu inikezwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ukubulala amangqamuzana amaningi omdlavuza ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukuqonda amangqamuzana omdlavuza kungakusiza uqonde kancane ukuthi i-chemotherapy isebenza kanjani.
Ngabe i-Chemotherapy isetshenziselwa umdlavuza wamangwenya?
Ngokungafani nokwelapha kanye nokwelashwa kwemisebe , okubhekwa ngokuthi "yendawo" yokwelashwa, i-chemotherapy "yindlela yokwelashwa ," okusho ukuthi kusebenza ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza noma kuphi emzimbeni.
Lokhu kungaba usizo ikakhulukazi uma umdlavuza ungase usakazeke ngaphesheya kwezifunda eziphathwe ngokuhlinzwa kanye nemisebe. I-Chemotherapy ingacatshangelwa ngezizathu eziningana:
- Njengendlela yokwengeza (ngaphezu kwalokho) ekuhlinzekeni: Kulesi simo, i-chemotherapy inikezwa ukubulala noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza okungenzeka asakaze ngaphesheya komdlavuza kodwa angabonakali yizingcingo. Lokhu kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi yi-adjuvant chemotherapy.
- Ukunciphisa isisu ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa: Kwezinye izimo, i-chemotherapy isetshenziselwa ukuhlinzwa ukuze ihlehlise isisu futhi ithuthukise amathuba okuhlinzwa okuyosebenza. Le ndlela ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi i-neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
- Ukwelapha umdlavuza: Ngokuvamile, umdlavuza wamaphaphu ungaphulukiswa yi-chemotherapy kodwa lokhu kuvame kakhulu nge-kansa efana ne-leukemia.
- Ukwandisa impilo kulabo abanomdlavuza wamapapu ophuthumayo : Ngokuvamile i-chemotherapy ingakwazi ukwandisa ukuphila lapho ukwelashwa kungenakwenzeka. Uma i-chemotherapy iphumelele ekunciphiseni ubukhulu besisu, i-dose emincane ye-chemotherapy ngezinye izikhathi isetshenziselwa ithemba lokuthi lizolibazisa ukukhula okuvamile kwesisu. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi- chemotherapy yesondlo .
- Ukusiza ngezimpawu zomdlavuza: Uma isisu sikhipha izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu noma ukuphefumula, ngezinye izikhathi i-chemotherapy inganciphisa ubukhulu besisu ukuze kunciphise izimpawu.
Uma i-chemotherapy inikezwa izimpawu zodwa - ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila - hhayi ngenhloso yokuphulukisa lesi sifo noma ukwandisa ukusinda, kubizwa ngokuthi i- chemotherapy ene-palliative . Uma udokotela wakho ehlinzeka nge-chemotherapy ngale ndlela, qinisekisa ukuthi uxoxisana ngalokhu ngokucophelela nawe, njengoba izifundo zikhomba ukuthi abantu abaningi badidekile ngesizathu esilandelayo ukusetshenziswa kwayo.
I-Chemotherapy inikezwa kanjani?
Amanye imithi yokwelapha i-chemotherapy inikezwa njengephilisi ngomlomo, kodwa iningi linikezwa ngaphakathi. Uma uzoba ne-IV chemotherapy, ungase ucelwe ukuba ukhethe phakathi kokubekwa kwe-IV lapho uvakashele, noma ube nesifo se- chemotherapy . Ngechweba, umugqa oyingxubevange ufakwa emifuleni emikhulu yegazi eduze kwesifuba, futhi idivayisi encane noma eplastiki ifakwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba sakho. Kukhona izinzuzo nokulimaza kwindlela ngayinye, kodwa ichweba (noma ngezinye izikhathi umugqa we-PICC) linganciphisa inani lezinsipho zesinaki ezidingekayo ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.
Ukwelashwa kokuqala komdlavuza wamaphaphu ngokuvamile kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezimbili noma ngaphezulu (i- chemotherapy yokuhlanganiswa ).
Lezi zidakamizwa zivame ukunikezwa ngemijikelezo yamaviki amathathu kuya kwangu-4 okungenani izikhathi ezingu-4 kuya kwezi-6. Ukusebenzisa inhlanganisela yezidakamizwa ezisebenza ngezigaba ezahlukene zesigaba se-cell kwandisa ithuba lokuphatha amangqamuzana amaningi omdlavuza ngangokunokwenzeka. Njengoba amangqamuzana ahlukene ahlukene ezindaweni ezihlukene ekusebenziseni ukwehlukaniswa kwamaseli, izikhathi eziphindaphindiwe nazo zandisa amathuba okuphatha eziningi amangqamuzana omdlavuza ngangokunokwenzeka.
Imithi
Imithi eminingi ehlukene isetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ngokuvamile, ukwelashwa kuqala nge-cisplatin noma i-carboplatin ehlangene neminye imithi. Imithi ejwayelekile esetshenziswa emdlavuza wamaphaphu ihlanganisa:
- I-Platinol (i-cisplatin)
- I-Paraplatin (i-carboplatin)
- I-taxotere (i-docetaxel)
- I-Adriamycin (doxorubicin)
- VePesid (etoposide)
- I-Gemzar (gemcitabine)
- I-fax (i-ifosfamide)
- I-Camptosar (i-irinotecan)
- I-Taxol (paclitaxel)
- I-Alimta (pemetrexed)
- I-Hycamtin (i-topotecan)
- I-Oncovir (i-vinblastine)
- I-Oncovin (i-vincristine)
- I-Navelbine (i-vinorelbine)
Akuyona yonke imithi esetshenziselwa umdlavuza wamaphaphu ibhekwa njenge-chemotherapy. Imithi efana ne-Tarceva (erlotinib) ne-Xalkori (crizotinib) imithi yokwelashwa ehloselwe - imithi eyenzelwe ukuphatha ngokuqondile amaseli omdlavuza. Isigaba esisha semithi, okuthiwa izidakamizwa ze-immunotherapy , manje sisetshenziselwa umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Lezi zidakamizwa zisebenza ngokulula ngokusiza amasosha omzimba ethu alwe nomdlavuza.
Kungani Kungenakukwazi Ukwelapha I-Chemotherapy Izidakamizwa Ngokuvamile Ukwelapha I-Cancer Lung?
Uma ujwayelene nama-chemotherapy agents asetshenziselwa i-leukemia - okungasiphulukisa lesi sifo - ungase uzibuze ukuthi kungani i-chemotherapy ingavame ukuphulukisa umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Lokhu kungase kuphazamise ngisho nakakhulu uma ubona ukuthi i-chemotherapy ivame ukusebenza kahle ngaphambi komdlavuza wamaphaphu ngoba ingakwazi ukunciphisa kakhulu isisu. Lo mbuzo kubalulekile ukubhekana nezifundo njengoba bathole ukuthi abantu abaningi bazizwa be-chemotherapy banamandla okuphulukisa umdlavuza wabo.
Isizathu sokuthi kungani i-chemotherapy engavame ukuphulukisa umdlavuza wamaphaphu ukuthi i-tumor iyanqabela izidakamizwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Amaseli e-Cancer "ahlakaniphile" ngendlela. Abahlali ngendlela efanayo, kodwa bahlale beguquka futhi bathuthukise izindlela zokuphunyuka imithi esithumela ngayo indlela yabo. Ukuphikiswa kungesinye isizathu esenza-uma umuntu enesifo esiqale ukukhula futhi ekhemotherapy - izidakamizwa ezahlukene zivame ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi esizayo.
Izithako kanye ne-Chemotherapy
Abantu abaningi abanomdlavuza banquma ukusebenzisa imithi yokwengeza efana nezithako zokudla okunomsoco. Uma usebenzisa i-chemotherapy kubalulekile ukuxoxa nganoma yiziphi izithako ozisebenzisayo nge-oncologist yakho. Ezinye izithako zinganciphisa ukuphumelela kwe-chemotherapy, kanti abanye bangenza umuthi onobuthi. Kubalulekile futhi ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwamavithamini namaminerali phakathi ne-chemotherapy , njengoba ezinye zazo zingaphazamisa ukwelashwa kwakho.
Okuqhamuka uma udla imishanguzo
Imiphumela emibi ye-chemotherapy iyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi imithi oyinikiwe, nezinye izinto ezifana nobudala bakho, ubulili, nesimo somuthi jikelele. Ngokuthakazelisayo, ukuphathwa kwale mibi emibi kuye kwaqhubekela phambili kakhulu eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Wonke umuntu uphendula nge-chemotherapy ngokuhlukile. Ungase ube nemiphumela emibi noma ungase uthole ukuthi izimpawu zihlupha ngempela. Lemiphumela emibi ingathuthuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi noma ibuhlungu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngezinye izikhathi imithi ingadingeka ishintshwe, kodwa kaningi kukhona imithi kanye nokwelashwa okungakwazi ukulawula izimpawu zakho futhi kwenze ukhululeke ngokwengeziwe. Qinisekisa ukwabelana nganoma yimaphi izimpawu ozizwayo neqembu lakho lokunakekela impilo.
Ukubhekana nemiphumela emibi
Imiphumela eminye emibi ongayithola iyoxhomeka kwimithi ethile oyimisiwe. Njengoba kuphawuliwe, eziningi zalezi zemihelo emibi zihlobene nomphumela "ojwayelekile" we-chemotherapy kuma-cell ehlukanisa ngokushesha. Amaseli emizimbeni yethu ehlukanisa kakhulu ngokushesha afaka nalawo asemnothweni wethu (okuholela ekubalweni kwegazi eliphansi) izinwele zethu zezinwele, namapheshana ethu okugaya. Umphumela ovamile kakhulu we-chemotherapy uhlanganisa:
- I-Nausea ne-Vomiting - Ukucabangela nokuhlanza kuvame kakhulu kwi-chemotherapy, kodwa ukuphathwa kwale mibi emibi kuye kwaba ngcono kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva. Manje kungenzeka ukuthi abantu abaningi baphethwe ukwelashwa kwe-chemotherapy nge-nausea encane noma engekho noma ukuhlanza. Imithi kaningi ayinikezwa nje kuphela yokwelapha isicanucanu kodwa inikezwe kanye ne-chemotherapy ukuvimbela isicanucanu.
- Ama-mouth Sores - Cishe ingxenye yabantu bahlakulela izilonda zomlomo ekhemotherapy yomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Lezi zilonda zomlomo zivame ukwedlula ubunzima, kepha ukutheleleka kwesibili (thrush) ngezinye izikhathi kungakhula.
- Izinguquko zokunambitha - Umqondo ongavamile wokunambitheka, ovame ukubizwa ngokuthi "umlomo wensimbi" uvame ukwelashwa ngemithi yomdlavuza we-lungotherapy chemotherapy. Kunezinto eziningana ongayenza (okukhulunywe ngazo esihlokweni lokhu kuhlotshaniswa nayo) okungakusiza ukuthi ubekezelele lesi sibonakaliso kangcono.
- Ukulahlekelwa Ukudla - Ukulahlekelwa yifiso kubaluleke kakhulu ukubheka, njengoba ukondla okwanele ngesikhathi samakhemikhali kungasiza umzimba wakho uphilise. Ukudla okungenele kwezakhi kungakubeka engozini yomdlavuza womdlavuza - isifo sokulahlekelwa kwesisindo kanye nokulahleka kwemisipha okuphethe ngqo amaphesenti angaba ngu-20 okufa komdlavuza.
- Ukukhathala - Ukhathala yi-side side effect ye-chemotherapy, okuthinta cishe wonke umuntu ngesikhathi esithile. Ukuqaphela nje ukuthi ukukhathala kuvamile, nokufunda ukwenza izinto kuqala futhi wamukele usizo ngokuvamile kuyisixazululo esingcono kakhulu sokubhekana nalesi sici esicasulayo.
- I-anemia (inani elibomvu lesisindo segazi) - Ukubalwa kwesibalo segazi obomvu kungaholela ekukhatheni. Ngezinye izikhathi ukwelashwa kuyadingeka, kodwa njengokhathala, ngokuvamile ukufunda ukucela usizo futhi uthole ukuphumula okwengeziwe yilokho okudingekayo.
- I-neutropenia (isibalo esincane segazi elimhlophe) - Ukubalwa kwesisindo segazi esimhlophe (i-neutrophils uhlobo lwegazi elimhlophe elibhekene nokutheleleka) ngokuvamile liwumphumela omubi kakhulu we-chemotherapy. Ukuba nesibalo segazi eliphansi elimhlophe lingakunikela ekutheleleni. Qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu ngaphambi kokuba uqale i-chemotherapy. Angase ancome ukuthi ugweme izimo ongase uzilungiselele kuzo izifo - njengokugwema izixuku nokunciphisa ukuxhumana nabantu abagulayo. Ngesinye isikhathi imithi isetshenziselwa ukugqugquzela ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi ngemva kwe-chemotherapy. Uma inani lakho elimhlophe legazi seliphansi kakhulu, iseshini sakho se-chemotherapy singase sidinge ukulibaziseka kuze kube yilapho siphindele kumagugu amukelekile.
- I-Thrombocytopenia (isibalo esiphansi se-plateslet) - Inani eliphansi leplatelet lingase liholele ukululaza noma ukuphaphaza kalula. Lokhu akuvame ukukhathazeka kakhulu nge-chemotherapy yomdlavuza wemaphaphu, kodwa udokotela wakho uzoqapha isibalo sakho seplatelet ngokucophelela kulo lonke ukwelashwa kwakho.
- Ukulahleka Kwezinwele - Izidakamizwa eziningi ze-chemotherapy ezisetshenziselwa umdlavuza wamaphaphu zingabangela ukulahlekelwa izinwele. Ukulungiselela phambili ngokuthenga i-wig noma ezinye izinhlobo zezimbopho zekhanda kuvame ukuphakanyiswa.
- Izinguquko Zesikhumba
- Izinguquko ze-fingernail
- Ukucindezeleka
- I-Chemobrain (izinguquko zokuzicabangela ngemuva kwe-chemotherapy) - I-Chemobrain, noma izinguquko zokuqonda ngemva kwe-chemotherapy kusanda kubhekwa njengomphumela ovame ukwelashwa we-chemotherapy. Izimpawu ezivamile zihlanganisa ubunzima bokukhohlwa okukhululekile noma okuncane - njengokukhohlwa lapho ubeke khona ukhiye wemoto. Abanye abantu bathola ukuthi "ukuqeqeshwa kobuchopho" njengokwenza i-crossword puzzle kanye neminye imidlalo ye-logic iyasiza uma lokhu kuphazamisa.
- I-peripheral Neuropathy - I-peripheral neuropathy ivame kakhulu kubantu abahamba nge-chemotherapy yomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Izimpawu zingabandakanya ubuhlungu nokukhwehlela kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi "ukusabalalisa nokugcina amagilavu". Ucwaningo luqhubeka lufuna izindlela zokungagcini nje kuphela izimpawu zalo mphumela ohlangothini kodwa ukuvimbela ukuthi ingenzeki okokuqala.
Ukusekela Nokubhekana Nekhambi Kwe-Chemotherapy
Ngokuqinisekile, kunemiphumela emibi nge-chemotherapy, kodwa ukuphathwa kwalezi zinto kuye kwaba ngcono kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva. I-Chemotherapy ingenye yalezi zikhathi lapho inkulumo ethi "kuthatha idolobha" liyiqiniso njenganini ngaphambili. Finyelela emndenini nabangani futhi uvumele abantu ukukusiza. Abantu abaningi bakuthola kuwusizo ukujoyina iqembu lokusekela umdlavuza noma umphakathi wokusekela futhi ube nethuba lokukhuluma nabanye ababhekana nezinselele ezifanayo empilweni yabo. Njengoba abantu abaningi banezinhlobo eziningana ze-chemotherapy sessions, futhi lezi zikhathi zithatha isikhathi esithile, lokhu kungaba ithuba lokuphinde uxhumane nomndeni nabangane. Hlola lolu hlu lwalokho okuzopakisha imithi ye-chemotherapy ukuze uthole imibono yokuthi ungenza kanjani ama-chemotherapy akho ahambe kahle ngangokunokwenzeka.
Imithombo:
I-National Cancer Institute. Izinketho Zokwelashwa Kwangqamuzana Yegciwane Lengculaza Lama-Non-Small - I-Health Professional Version. Kubuyekezwe 07/07/16.