Umswakama uyishubhu engavundile, emisipha esithwala ukudla neziphuzo ezivela emphinjeni ukuya esiswini. Umswakama ugijima phakathi kwesifuba, indawo ebizwa ngokuthi i- mediastinum . Iyini isakhiwo nomsebenzi, futhi yiziphi izimo zezokwelapha ezingathinta isifo?
Isakhiwo
I-esophagus iqala emphinjeni (pharynx) futhi ihambela esiswini, idlula ngendwangu emgwaqweni.
Ubude buvame ukuzungeza ama-25 cm (9 kuya ku-10 amasentimitha) kubantu abadala. Iyadlula ngemuva kwe-trachea (i-windpipe) nangaphambi komgogodla.
Kunama-sphincters amabili (izindawo ezingavulwa futhi zivaliwe) endaweni.
- I- sphincter ephezulu ye-esophageal (UES) ingaphansi kokuzithandela kanye nokulawula okungazibandakanyi. Isebenza ukuvimbela ukudla neziphuzo ekungeneni i-windpipe (i-trachea,) ngamanye amazwi, kuvimbela ukudla "ekuhlahleni ngendlela engafanele" (ifuna.) I-IUS ingavuleka futhi ivaliwe ngokucophelela, njengesikhathi sokubhoboza, ukugwinya nokuhlanza .
- I-sphincter esezansi engezansi (LES) ayikho ngaphansi kokulawula okuqaphele futhi isebenza ukuvimbela isisu esiswini sokungena esihlokweni. Utshwala, kanye nezinhlobo eziningana zemithi yokwelashwa, kungabangela ukuphumula kwe-LES eholela ekuqhumeni.
Umsebenzi
I-esophagus isebenza ukudlulisa ukudla nokuphuza emlonyeni kuya esiswini. Lokhu kufezwa ngeziphazamiso ngezikhathi ezithile (peristalsis) esikhundleni sokudonsela phansi.
Ngokuhlanza, lezi zindlela zokuvimbela ziguqulwa, okuvumela ukuthi okuqukethwe kwesisu kubuyele emlonyeni ukuze siphoxe.
Imibandela Yezokwelapha
Kunezimo eziningi zezokwelapha ezingase zenzeke endaweni. Ezinye zazo zihlanganisa:
- Reflux ye-gastroesophageal (GERD)
- Ukuguquka kwesisu - Ukuphuza ukubhema kubhekisela kumzwelo ovuthayo abantu abaningi abaye babhekana nesifuba nesisu esiswini ngemuva kokudla okunzima. Ukuguquka kwenhliziyo okungapheli akuyona into okumele ithathe kalula, njengoba umonakalo ohloswe ngayo isifo esiyinhloko engozini yomdlavuza owodwa we-esophageal.
- I-esophagitis (ukuvuvukala kwesisu) - I-esophagus ingaba yingozi ngenxa ye-asidi yokubuyela emuva esiswini, kusukela ekutheleleni, noma kokulimala kwesibili ukuya emithini yokushisa imisebe esinikezwa esifubeni.
- Isisu sikaBarrett - isifo sikaBarrett "ishintsho" esinqunyiwe esihlokweni esithinta isisindo, ngokuvamile esibangelwa i-GERD ende. Uma uke waba ne-GERD engapheli ngezimpawu zokuphuza, udokotela wakho angancoma ukuhlola ukuze ahlole isici sikaBarrett. Uma izinguquko ziphawulwe, ukwelashwa okunye kungacatshangwa ukunciphisa ingozi yokuthuthukisa umdlavuza we-esophageal esikhathini esizayo.
- Umdlavuza we-Esophageal - Umdlavuza we-Esophageal umdlavuza onesilinganiso esiphansi sokusinda. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezinkulu zalomdlavuza. Uhlobo olulodwa, umdlavuza we-squamous cell oophageal, kucatshangwa ukuthi luhlobene nomlando wokubhema nokuphuza okukhulu. Olunye uhlobo, i-adenocarcinoma esophageal kaningi kaningi olutholakala kubantu abanomphefumulo ophuthumayo wokuphuza.
- Izinyembezi ze-Mallory-Weiss - Lezi yizinyembezi ezijulile ze-esophag which ngezinye izikhathi zenzeka ngokuhlanza okunonya.
- I-varopose varice - Lezi ziyi-"varicose veins" ezihilela imithanjeni ye-esophagus ephindwe kakhulu nge-cirrhosis yesibindi.
- I-Achalasia - I-Achalasia yisimiso lapho isisindo esingezansi singaphumuli, sivimbela ukudla ukuthi kungadluli esiswini.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Cancer Society. Iyini iCancer of the Esophagus? Kubuyekezwe 06/14/17. http://www.cancer.org/cancer/esophaguscancer/detailedguide/esophagus-cancer-what-is-cancer-of-the-esophagus
> I-Library Kazwelonke Kazwelonke Yezokwelapha. I-MedlinePlus. Ukuphazamiseka Kwe-Esophagus. Kubuyekezwe ngo-12/06/17. https://medlineplus.gov/esophagusdisorders.html