Lokho Ukuhlolwa Okulula Okungakutshela Ngempilo Yakho
I-karyotype, eqinisweni, isithombe se-chromosomes ekhona ngaphakathi kweseli elilodwa. Ama-Chromosomes yizinhlaka ezinjengezintambo ngaphakathi kwe-nucleus yamaseli ezenziwe amaprotheni kanye ne-molecule eyodwa ye-deoxyribonucleic acid (i-DNA). I-DNA iqukethe imiyalelo ethize eyenza uhlobo oluthile lwezidalwa eziphilayo oluyingqayizivele, ngokusho kweNational Human Genome Research Institute.
Udokotela uzovame ukuyala i-karyotype ukuze abone uma isimo sibangelwa uhlobo oluthile lwezinkinga eziphathelene nesifo somzimba. Kuyinto yokuhlolwa okungenabuhlungu, okubandakanya okungaphezu kwenqununu yezinaliti ukuthola isampula yamathambo, kodwa ingatshela okuningi ngempilo yomuntu. Nakhu okuningiliziwe ukuthi i-karyotyping yenziwe kanjani nokuthi ingabonakalisani.
Indlela amaKaryotypes enza ngayo
I-karyotype ingadalwa ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zezicubu. Ngokuvamile, isampula segazi yilokho okudingekayo, kodwa uma kunokukhathazeka ukuthi i-fetus ekhulayo inokungajwayelekile kwe-chromosomal, amniotic fluid ingadinga ukudonsa. Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka inaliti emlonyeni wesifazane okhulelwe-inqubo ephephile futhi engenabuhlungu.
Ngemuva kokuba isampula iqoqwe, izohlaziywa ebhokisithri ngumphathi obizwa nge-cytogeneticist ozohlukanisa amangqamuzana, akhulise ukuze akwanele ukuhlaziya, bese ekhulula ama-chromosomes kumaseli.
Kuleli qophelo, ama-chromosomes azosulwa, ahlaziywe, abaleke, bese ahlungwa.
I-cytogeneticist izophinde ibheke isakhiwo se-chromosome ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ayikho into elahlekile noma eyengeziwe. Uma le nqubo isiphelile, lokho okufunyenwe kubhaliwe futhi imiphumela yokuhlolwa idluliselwe kudokotela owayala i-karyotype, ngokuvamile ezinsukwini ezintathu kuya kweziyisikhombisa.
Kuthatha isikhashana ukudala i-karyotype yesampula ngaphambi kokubeletha, noma-noma kuphi kusukela ezinsukwini ezingu-10 ukuya kwezingu-14.
Isithombe sezempilo
Into yokuqala i-karyotype yembula yilapho inani lama-chromosomes umuntu analo: Esikhathini sesampula evamile, kunezinhlangothi ezingu-23 zama-chromosomes angu-46. I-karyotype nayo igcizelela ubulili obuphilayo: Ama-chromosomes amabili amabili asho owesifazane; i-X ne-Y chromosome ibonisa indoda.
Ngaphandle kwalolu lwazi oluyisisekelo, i-cytogeneticist ingasebenzisa i-karyotype ukuxilonga noma iyiphi i-syndrome noma isimo esibangelwa ukuthi kube nama-chromosomes engeziwe noma alahlekile. Isibonelo, i-Down syndrome imiphumela uma kukhona ikhophi ephelele ephelele noma encane ye-chromosome 21, ngokweNational Down Syndrome Society. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, i-Down syndrome ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi i-trisomy 21.
Ezinye izimo ezingatholakala ukuthi usebenzisa i-karyotyping zifaka:
- I-Edward syndrome (i-trisomy 18)
- I-Patau syndrome (i-trisomy 13)
- I-Turner syndrome (eyodwa ye-X)
- I-Klinefelter syndrome (XXY)
- I-XYY syndrome
- I-X ye-syndrome ye-X (XXX)
I-karyotype nayo ingabonisa ukususwa kwama-chromosomes okuyisisekelo esiyimbangela yezimo ezinjenge-Cri-du-Chat syndrome (i-chromosome 5) noma i-Williams syndrome (i-chromosome 7), kanye nokudluliselwa kwesinye ingxenye se-chromosome etholakala noma ishintshwe ngenye ingxenye ye-chromosome ehlukile.
Kusuka kumaphesenti amabili ukuya ku-3 amaphesenti we-Down syndrome amacala kubangelwa ukudluliselwa kwe-chromosome 21, isibonelo.
Ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi i-karyotype izoveza inkinga enkulu yezofuzo kuwe noma umntwana ongakazalwa angenza umqondo wokuba nesabekayo, kodwa khumbula ukuthi ulwazi oluthe xaxa onalo mayelana nokukhathazeka kwezempilo, uzokwazi ukubhekana nakho .
> Imithombo:
> Medline Plus. "Karyotyping."
> National Down Syndrome Society. "Kuyini I-Down Syndrome?"
> I-National Human Genome Research Institute. "Ama-Chromosomes." NgoJuni 16, 2015.