Izifo eziningi ezihlobene nokuguga zibone iminyaka engu-10 kuya kwengu-15 ngaphambili
Ukutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculazi kubonakala ngokusebenza komzimba isikhathi eside, lapho umzimba uphendula khona lapho kutholakala khona igciwane ngokukhiqiza ama-antibodies okuzivikela kanye nama-pro-inflammatory proteins. Ukukhushulwa kwe-immune okwandisiwe nokuphikelela, ukuvuvukala okungapheli okuhambisana ne-HIV kubhekwa njengabadlali abakhulu ekugugeni, okubangelwa ukukhubazeka ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi izifo ezihambisana nokuguga.
Le nqubo ephuthumayo ivame ukubhekwa njenge- senescence yasheshe .
Ukuchaza ukuguga nokuguga kusengaphambili
I-senescence esandulele ichazwa ngokuthi ukuguga kwezinto eziphilayo zomuntu noma imvelo esikhathini esithile ngaphambi kwalokho okulindelwe noma okuhlangenwe nakho kubantu bonke.
Ngokusho ukuthi ukuguga kubonakala ukuthi umzimba wehlile amandla okubhekana nokucindezeleka, okwenze kube nzima ukugcina isisindo semvelo (equilibrium), kanti ukwandisa ingozi yezifo ezihambisana nokuguga ezifana ne-Alzheimer's or metabolic bone disorders. Isenescence esandulele isho ukuthi umzimba uguga kahle ngaphambi kwesikhathi saso futhi ngokuvamile ungaxhunyaniswa nenye noma ama-causal agents noma izenzakalo eziningana.
Ukuguga okuvamile kuhlotshaniswa nokuvuvukala okungapheli, okuphansi okubizwa ngokuthi ukuvuvukala- okudlala indima ekunciphiseni ukukhula kwamangqamuzana, kanye nokulahleka okuncane kokusebenza kwamathambo. Izindlela zokuguga zibhekwa, ngokubanzi, ezingenakugwemeka, nakuba izici zofuzo, ezemvelo nezihlobene neminyaka zinganquma ukuthi umuntu uyingozi yokuguga nokufa.
Ngokuphambene, i-senescence ngaphambi kwesikhathi ihlotshaniswa nokuvuvukala okungapheli okukhulu kunalokho okuhlangene nakho, umuntu onempilo. Lelizinga eliphakeme lokuvuvukala okuqhubekayo lingabangela umonakalo wokuqoqa emkhakheni wamaselula namangqamuzana, ukubeka amangqamuzana ngaphansi kokucindezeleka okwenzakalayo lapho bengakwazi khona ukuxosha umzimba noma umonakalo wokulungisa.
Ukuvuvukala kungabangela ukulimala okuqondile emajeni lapho i-genetic encoding cell ishintsha ngokuphelele-okuvame ukushona kwamangqamuzana noma ukuthuthukiswa kwezinguquko zomdlavuza. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amangqamuzana abathintekayo ayeka ukuhlukanisa ngokuphelele, futhi umzimba wonke uneminyaka yobudala.
Ukwehla kwe-senescence kungakabangela ukutheleleka okuthile, kanye nezici zokuziphatha ezifana nokubhema nokukhuluphala, noma izinto eziphathelene nokusingqongileyo ezinjengokungcola noma ukushisa imisebe.
Isenescence esandulele nesandulela ngculaza
Njengoba abantu abanesandulela ngculazi manje bengalindela ukuhlala bejwayelekile ezindaweni zokuphila ezivamile, banikezwe ukuqaliswa kwe-ART ngesikhathi esifanele, ukugxila okukhulu ekubhekisweni kwezifo eziningi ezingenayo i-HIV ezingasusa eziningi zalezi zindleko. Eqinisweni, emazweni amaningi athuthukile, izifo ezihambisana nokucindezelwa kwe-immune-okuthiwa izifo ezithathelwanayo-azisekho ababulali abavelele kubantu abane-HIV.
Esikhundleni salokho, i -cancer engahlobene ne-AIDS namuhla ibhekwa njengesizathu esiyinhloko sokufa kwabantu abanegciwane lesandulela ngculaza eNyakatho Melika naseYurophu, kanti iningi labo litholakala eminyakeni engu-10-15 ngaphambili kunabalingani babo abangenalo igciwane. Ngokufanayo, ukukhubazeka okungenayo i-neurocognitive ehlobene nokuguga kubonakala kubantu abanesandulela ngculaza eneminyaka engama-46 ubudala, kanti iminyaka yobudala ye- myocardial infarctions (ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo) imane nje iminyaka engama-49-eyisikhombisa kuya kwezingu-16 ngaphambili kwabesilisa nabesifazane abangenalutho.
Ngisho nalapho i-HIV ilawulwa kahle ngendlela yokwelashwa kwama-antiretroviral (ART) , abantu abanegciwane lesandulela ngculazi basengaphambili ukugula okuhambisana nokuguga, noma ngabe yizinga eliphansi kakhulu.
Iziguli ezine-ART yokuqala kanye ne- CD4 nadir ephezulu ngokuvamile kubonakala sengathi zingaphansi komthwalo ophansi wokuvuvukala okungapheli kunalabo abaqala ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo, kuyilapho iziguli ezinokulawulwa kwegciwane eliqhubekayo zibhekwa njengezicishe zibe ngaphansi kwezinkinga ezihlobene nobudala kunabantu abangaphathwa kabi noma abangakwazi ukufeza ukucindezelwa kwegciwane.
Ngakho-ke, ukuxilongwa nokuphulukiswa kokuqala kuyisihluthulelo sokubambezela ukuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi esivame ukubonwa kubantu abanesifo sengculazi eside.
Imithombo:
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