Ukucindezela ngokweqile, noma ukucindezeleka kwegazi, kungenye yezinkinga zempilo ezivame kakhulu. Ngeshwa, umfutho wegazi ophezulu uvame ukungaziwa. Okubi nakakhulu, uma kutholakala ukuthi, ngokuvamile kuphathwa ngendlela engafaneleki naphezu kokuthi ngokuvamile kunzima kakhulu ukuphatha. Ngakho-ke, ngenkathi wonke umuntu "eyazi" mayelana nokushisa komfutho wegazi, ihlala iyimbangela eholela ekuhlaselweni kwenhliziyo , isifo sohlangothi , isifo sezinso , nezinye izinkinga zempilo ezimbi.
Ngenxa yokuthi umfutho wegazi ophakeme uvame kakhulu futhi kufanelekile, kubalulekile ukuba wonke umuntu abe nokucindezelwa kwegazi okwenziwa njalo ngezikhathi ezithile. Futhi uma une-hypertension, kubalulekile ukusebenza eduze nodokotela wakho ukuthola ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo okuzokuvumela ukuba ugweme imiphumela emibi futhi uphile impilo ende, enempilo.
Iyini Ukucindezeleka Kakhulu nokuthi Kungani Kubaluleke Kakhulu?
Ukushisa ngokweqile kuyimimo lapho ingcindezi emithanjeni isiphezulu ngokwanele ekugcineni ukukhiqiza umonakalo emithanjeni yegazi, futhi ekugcineni izitho zabo ezinikezela igazi.
Njengoba inhliziyo ishaya, ihambisa igazi nge-arteries kanye nezitho zomzimba. Umfutho ophethwe yinhliziyo yokushaya ushukumisela igazi phambili futhi welula izindonga ezithambile ze-arteries. Phakathi kwezintambo zenhliziyo, njengoba imisipha yenhliziyo ihoxisa, izindonga zokugubha zibuyela emuva ekubunjweni kwazo kwangempela, ngaleyo ndlela igcine igazi liqhubekela phambili emathanjeni omzimba. (Ukwandiswa kwemithambo yezinhlungu ngenhliziyo ngayinye yilokho okusivumela ukuba sizizwe "i-pulse.")
Ngakho-ke, ingcindezi yegazi ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi-eyakhiwe inhliziyo yokushaya kanye nemithambo ehlanganisiwe esebenza ndawonye-egcina igazi lijikeleza.
Uma ingcindezi yegazi iphansi kakhulu (isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i- hypotension ), izitho zomzimba zihlupheka ngenxa yokuthi azitholi ukugeleza kwegazi okwanele. Kodwa umfutho wegazi ophezulu kakhulu (umfutho wegazi ophakeme) ubangela izinkinga zawo. Ukushisa ngokweqile kungashukumisa kakhulu ukuqina kwe-atherosclerosis , okuholela ekuhlaselweni kwe-artery coronary kanye nokuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo , ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo , ukushaywa kwezinso , ukuhluleka kwezinso , isifo se-arterial and aortic aneurysms .
Yingakho i-hypertension ingozi enkulu yokukhubazeka ngaphambi kwesikhathi nokufa, futhi kungani ukuyihlolisisa nokuyiphatha kubalulekile kakhulu empilweni enhle nokuphila okude.
Ziyini Izimpawu Zokwedluleleka Kwegazi?
Ukushisa ngokweqile yisifo esiyiphutha. Abantu abaningi abanesifo somfutho wegazi abangeke bahlakulele noma yiziphi izimpawu ezivela emzimbeni ophezulu wegazi, futhi ngokuvamile babonakala bezizwa benempilo enhle iminyaka eminingi-kuze kube yilapho kubangele ukulimala okungenakuguqulwa kwisitho esibalulekile. Ngakho-ke isibonakaliso sokuqala somfutho wegazi ophakeme, ngeshwa, kuvame ukuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo ngokuzumayo noma isifo sohlangothi-okubonakala sengathi singaphandle kweluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Yingakho i-hypertension ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "umbulali othulile."
I-Hypertension Ithola Kanjani?
I-hypertension iyatholakala uma ukucindezeleka kwegazi lakho kuphumula kutholakala ukuthi kuphakanyiswa ngokuqhubekayo.
Kubalulekile ukulinganisa ukucindezeleka kwegazi ngendlela efanele ukugwema ukuhlolisisa noma ukuhlolisisa ukucindezeleka okukhulu. Ehhovisi lezokwelapha namuhla elivuthiwe, izinqubo ezifanele zokulinganisa ngokunembile ukucindezelwa kwegazi zivame ukunganakiwe. Ngenxa yokuthi nguwe okufanele aphile nesifo sokuxilongwa (noma ngemiphumela yokuxilongwa okungabanjwanga), kufanele ube nomqondo othile wendlela efanele yokuthola ukuxilongwa komfutho wegazi ophezulu.
Isilinganiso somfutho wegazi siboniswa njengezinombolo ezimbili -izinkinga zegazi ze-systolic kanye ne-diastolic- njengalezi: 120mmHg / 80mmHg, noma ngaphezulu nje, 120/80 ("eyodwa engamashumi amabili nesishiyagalolunye.") Inombolo ephakeme, ingcindezi ye-systolic, imele ukucindezelwa ngaphakathi komcibisholo okwamanje inhliziyo inenkontileka. Inombolo engezansi, ingcindezi ye-diastolic, imelela ukucindezela komzimba phakathi kwezinsimbi zezinhliziyo, kuyilapho inhliziyo ikhululekile.
Imikhombandlela evamile yokulinganisa ukucindezelwa kwegazi ichaza ukuthi isilinganiso kufanele senziwe endaweni enokuthula, efudumele ngemuva kokuba uhlezi ngokuphumula okungenani imizuzu emihlanu. Akufanele ube nekhofi noma usebenzise ugwayi okungenani imizuzu engama-30. Okungenani izilinganiso ezimbili zomshuwalense wegazi kufanele zithathwe ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, okungenani imizuzu emihlanu ngaphandle, futhi kufanele ziphindwe izikhathi eziningi uma kudingeka ukuze izilinganiso zivumelane ngaphakathi kwe-5 mmHg.
Noma ubani oye ehhovisi likadokotela eminyakeni embalwa edlule uyazi ukuthi akunakwenzeka kanjani ukuthi zonke lezi zimo zihlangene. Noma kunjalo, ngaphambi kokuba udokotela akunikeze ekuxilongweni okungapheli komfutho wegazi ophakeme, kufanele abe nomuzwa wokuthi unesibopho sokuthi ahlolwe kahle. Futhi kufanele ucindezele ukuthi wenza kanjalo.
Esinye isici esiyinkimbinkimbi ekuhloleni i-hypertension ehhovisi likadokotela kuyisici "se- white coat hypertension " -kusho ukuthi amazinga egazi legazi aphakanyisiwe ehhovisi likadokotela, kodwa evamile cishe nganoma yisiphi esinye isikhathi. Iningi labachwepheshe bacabanga ukuthi i-white coat hypertension ayidingi ukwelashwa.
Ngenxa yobunzima obuthile obuhilelekile ekwenzeni ukuxilongwa okufanele kwe-hypertension ehhovisi likadokotela, ochwepheshe be-hypertension bafika ngokubheka ukuthi indlela enembile kakhulu yokuthola ukuxilongwa kwegazi akuyona ehhovisi likadokotela nhlobo, kodwa kunalokho, nge- ambulatory blood pressure ukuqapha . Ubufakazi obuthakathaka bukhuthaza kakhulu le ndlela kanye neminye imihlahlandlela yezokwelapha yakamuva iveza ukuthi ukuqapha okuvame ukuvotela okukhethwa kukho ukukhetha ukuhlushwa kwengozi.
Yiziphi Izimbangela Zengozi Ye-Hypertension?
Ukushisa ngokweqile kuvamile kakhulu kuzo zonke amaqembu emiphakathini yaseNtshonalanga. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa umfutho wegazi ophezulu.
Ukucindezela ngokweqile kuvame kakhulu futhi kunzima nakakhulu kubantu abamnyama nakubantu abanomlando womndeni we-hypertension. Ukudla okuningi kakhulu usawoti kuyisici esibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni umfutho wegazi ophezulu kubantu abaningi. Ukudla okudakayo okwedlulele (okungaphezu kweziphuzo ezimbili ngosuku) kuhlotshaniswa nomfutho wegazi ophezulu. Izinga eliphezulu legazi-lipid (i- cholesterol kanye ne-triglycerides egazini lakho) lihlotshaniswa nokukhula okwenyuka komfutho wegazi ophezulu. Futhi-ke, kunesisindo esiyingozi kunazo zonke-ukugqithisa ngokweqile noma ukugqwala.
Yiziphi Izimbangela Ze-Hypertension?
Izimbangela ze-hypertension zivame ukuhlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili ezijwayelekile: ukucindezeleka okukhulu okuyisisekelo ("ukucindezeleka okubalulekile") kanye nomfutho wegazi ophezulu ongowesibili kwenye inkinga yezokwelapha engaphansi.
Iningi labantu abanesifo somfutho wegazi ophezulu banomfutho wegazi ophakeme , okungukuthi, ngokumane nje, ukuthi akukho mbuzo oqondile ongabonakala-okwenzeka ngenxa yesizathu esicacile. Nakuba kwenziwa ucwaningo oluningi ukuze uzame ukukhomba imbangela yangempela (noma izimbangela) zokucindezeleka okubalulekile, kuze kube manje imbangela ihlala ingekho.
Kuyinto engavamile ukuthi ukucindezeleka komzimba kufinyelela kokunye okubonakalayo-futhi kaningi okuphathwayo kanye / noma okuguquguqukayo-okuyisifo esingaphansi. Izimo ezingaba nomfutho wegazi ophezulu zihlanganisa isifo sezinso, i- apnea yokulala , ukushaywa kwe-aorta, izifo zemithanjeni yegazi ezinikezela izinso, izinkinga ezihlukahlukene ze-endocrine, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezibeletho zomlomo , ukuphuza utshwala, ukusetshenziswa okungapheli kwe -anti-steroidal anti- izidakamizwa zokuvuvukala (ama-NSAID) , noma ama-antidepressants.
Umlando wezokwelapha ngokucophelela, ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, kanye nokuhlolwa komsebenzi wegazi ovamile kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho ukuthi ngabe kufanele yini kuthathwe izinyathelo ezengeziwe ukuze ubheke imbangela engase ibe yimbangela yomshuwalense wesibili .
Yiziphi Izinyathelo Zokushisa Kakhulu?
Uma isifo somfutho wegazi ophezulu sitholakala, "isiteji" se-hypertension yisici esibalulekile ekunqumeni ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwezokwelapha ezisetshenziswa ekuqaleni. Isigaba somfutho wegazi ophakeme singenye indlela yokusho ukuthi kunzima kanjani-ngamanye amazwi, ukuthi ukuphakama kwengcindezi yegazi kuphakeme kangakanani.
Izigaba ze-hypertension yizi:
- Isinyathelo 1 somfutho wegazi ophezulu: ukucindezela kwe-systolic 140-159mmHg KANYE nocingo lwe-diastolic 90-99mmHg
- Isinyathelo sesi-2 somfutho wegazi: ingcindezi ye-systolic engaphezu kuka-159mmHg KANYE noma i-diastolic ingcindezi enkulu kunama-99mmHg
Ngaphezu kwalezi zigaba ezimbili ezihlelekile, odokotela bazophinde baxoxe ngesigaba esingahlelekile esibizwa ngokuthi i- hypertension, lapho umfutho wegazi uphakeme ngaphezu kohlobo olufisayo , kodwa hhayi phezulu ngokwanele (okwamanje) okuzobizwa nge-hypertension.
Kuthiwa ukushisa ngokweqile uma kukhona uma ingcindezi ye-systolic iwela phakathi kuka-120-139mmHg noma ingcindezi ye-diastolic iphakathi kuka-80-89mmHg. Ngenxa yokuthi abantu abanesandulela-ngculazi banengozi enkulu yokuba negazi elinempilo, badinga ukucindezelwa kwegazi okungenani njalo ezinyangeni ezingu-6-12. Abanye odokotela bakholelwa ukuthi kufanele baphathwe nge-hypertension. Okungenani, kufanele bathole izinguquko zokuphila ezizokwenza ukuthi banciphise amathuba abo okuba nengculazi nesifo senhliziyo.
Ngaphezu kokushukela ngokweqile nesigaba 1 nesigaba sesi-2 somfutho wegazi ophezulu, kunesimo esingavamile sokucindezeleka okukhulu esibizwa nge- hypertension eyingozi. I-hypertension engathandeki iyatholakala uma ukucindezeleka kwegazi kuphezulu kakhulu futhi kuhambisane nobufakazi bokulimala okujulile ezingxenyeni ezibangelwa ukuqhuma kwemithambo yegazi evezwe ngokungazelelwe ukucindezeleka kwegazi.
Lokhu kulimala kwamalungu omzimba kuvame ukubonakaliswa ngokuphuma kwe-retina yamehlo, ukuphuma kwezinso, ukulimala komzimba, noma ukushaya isisu. Izimpawu ezitholwa abantu abane-hypertension ezimbi zihlobene nesitho noma izitho ezilimazayo. I-hypertension engavamile isifo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha futhi ngokuvamile sidinga ukwelashwa okunamandla, okunzulu kwezokwelapha.
Kutsha Ukubonwa Ngenhliziyo Ephezulu? Ukuthola Ukwelashwa Okufanele
Uma uthola ukuthi une-high blood pressure, izindaba ezinhle ukuthi kunezinhlobo eziningi zokwelashwa eziphumelelayo ongakhetha kuzo. Izindaba ezimbi ukuthi kunezinhlobo eziningi zokwelashwa okuphumelelayo okumele zikhethe-okuthi ngezinye izikhathi kungenza ukhethe ukwelashwa "okulungile" kube nzima kakhulu.
Ukwelashwa kwesifo sofuba njalo kuqala ngokudla, ukuzivocavoca, ukuphathwa kwesisindo, kanye nokuvinjelwa kwe-sodium . Kwezinye izimo (ikakhulukazi kubantu abane-hypertension noma esigabeni 1 somfutho wegazi ophezulu) lezi zinguquko zokuphila zanele, futhi ukwelapha izidakamizwa kungadingeki.
Kodwa-ke, kubantu abaningi abanesifo somfutho wegazi ophezulu wesigaba 1, futhi nanoma ubani onesiteji se-hypertension 2, ukwelapha izidakamizwa kuyadingeka ukuze unciphise ngokwanele ukucindezelwa kwegazi.
Ngenxa yokuthi imithi eningi yemithi yodokotela yamukelwe ukwelashwa kwesifo somfutho wegazi ophezulu, ukukhetha imithi "efanele" (noma ukuhlanganiswa kwezidakamizwa) kunoma yimuphi umuntu onikezwe umfutho wegazi ophezulu kungase kubonakale sengathi kuyinkimbinkimbi encane. Kodwa-ke, iziqondiso zakhiwe ukusiza odokotela ngokushesha ukuthola imithi yokwelapha esebenza kahle, futhi evame ukukhokhela cishe cishe noma ubani one-hypertension.
Ngakho-ke, uma wena nodokotela wakho uthatha indlela enengqondo, isinyathelo sokuhlakanipha, kunethuba elihle kakhulu lokuthi uzokwazi ukuxazulula ngokushesha ukwelashwa okulungile kuwe.
Uma uneminyaka engama-65 ubudala noma ngaphezulu, kungenzeka ukuthi i-hypertension yakho ngokuyinhloko i-systolic hypertension-okungukuthi, i-systolic blood pressure yakho iphakeme, kuyilapho i-diastolic yegazi yakho ihlala ebangeni elijwayelekile. Uma kunjalo, wena nodokotela wakho kufanele nithathe izinyathelo ezikhethekile uma uqala ukwelapha umfutho wegazi ophezulu.
Ukuphila Ngesifo Seqanda
Uma uthola ukuthi unesifo sofuba, ungalindela ukuthi kube yisikhathi lapho uzobona udokotela wakho kaningi kunokujwayelekile. Uzodinga ukuhlola okuyisisekelo ukuze ubheke imbangela eyinhloko yomshuwalense wakho, futhi mhlawumbe udinga ukuvakashelwa odokotela abaningi ngaphambi kokuba umuthi wakho wokuthola ukwelashwa utholakale.
Kodwa uma lesi sikhathi sokuqala sesiphelile, ungalindela ukubuyela empilweni evamile ngokuphelele. Yiqiniso, kungase kube nezinguquko ezimbalwa zokuphila ozodinga ukuzijwayela, kepha mhlawumbe kuzoba izinguquko zokuphila okufanele wenze esikhathini esidlule.
Izindaba ezinhle-manje ukuthi isifo sakho somfutho wegazi ophezulu siguliwe ngokwanele-ukuthi "impilo evamile" kungenzeka ukuthi ihlale isikhathi eside futhi ibe nempilo enhle kunokuba kungenjalo.
Izwi elivela
I-hypertension yinkinga yempilo ejwayelekile kakhulu evame imiphumela emibi kakhulu. Ngokufunda konke ongakwenza mayelana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, ungasebenza nodokotela wakho ukuze uthole ukuhlonza kahle ngesikhathi esifanele futhi ngokushesha ufike ekwelapheni okudingayo okudingayo.
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