I-HIV-ne-non-HIV-ezihlobene ne-HIV ezihambisana ne-HIV
Izifo zomdlavuza kubantu abaphila negciwane lesandulela ngculaza sekuyisikhathi eside zikhathazeka futhi kugxile ekucwaningeni okwenziwe ngabaphenyi bezokwelapha. Ngenkathi ingozi yezokwelapha ezifana nengculazi njenge Kaposi sarcoma kanye ne-non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) yehle kakhulu ngenxa yentuthuko ye- antiretroviral therapy , izifo zamanye amagciwane ziye zavuka njengoba nje.
Lezi zomshukela ezingenayo i-AIDS namuhla zibhekwa njengesizathu esiholela ekufeni kwabantu abathintekayo nge-HIV ezweni elithuthukile, ngokusho kocwaningo oluvela eSwitzerland HIV Cohort Study. Izimo zezinyoni ezinjengomdlavuza wamaphaphu kanye nomdlavuza womfana manje zigijima kuphi ukusuka emithathu kuya kwezingu-50 ngaphezulu kunomphakathi jikelele.
I-AIDS-Ukuchaza I-Cancer
Ekuqaleni kwawo-1980, uhlobo oluthile lwesifo somdlavuza wesikhumba okuthiwa i-Kaposi sarcoma (okuyinto, kuze kube yileso sikhathi, isithinte kakhulu amadoda asebekhulile eMpumalanga Yurophu) yayiphakathi kweqembu lokutheleleka elitholakala kubantu ababhekene ne-HIV. ngo-1981. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, i-non-Hodgkin lymphoma ne- cervical cervical carcinoma (i-ICC) engavamile yongezwa ohlwini njengoba amacansana abhekwa njenge-AIDS-defining.
Ngokusungulwa kwe- antiretroviral therapy (ART) ngo-1996, umhlaba washintsha ngokuphawulekayo. Njengoba kunezinhlobo zezidakamizwa ezikwazi ukuwuvimbela ngokuphelele igciwane futhi zibuyisele ukusebenza komzimba, izimo zeCapasi neNHL zehle ngamaphesenti angama-50, kuyilapho i-ICC ihlale ingenakushintshwa kuze kube yilolu suku.
(Isizathu salokhu asizwisisi ngokugcwele nakuba abanye bakholelwa ukuthi izinhlobo ezithile zemithi ye- papillomavirus (HPV) ebizwa ngokuthi i- HPV) eyaziwa ukuthi ingumdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho-ingaba ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane abane-HIV.)
Naphezu kwalezi ziningi ezithuthukile, abantu abane-HIV basenamandla okuphindaphinda kasikhombisa ukuthuthukisa i-ICC, amathuba angama-65 okuthuthukisa iNHL, kanye namathuba angaphezu kuka-300 kunokuthuthukisa i-Kaposi sarcoma kunabo abangalingani.
I-Non-AIDS-Defining Cancers
Ngenxa yokwanda okukhulu kokuphila ngenxa ye-ART nokuguga kancane kancane kwe-HIV, abacwaningi baqala ukubona ezinye izinhlobo zamanqamu ezibonakala kaningi kubantu abane-HIV. Ukuvama okwenzeke kulo kwaholela abaningi ukuba bakholelwe ukuthi kwakukhona isixhumanisi esiyingozi phakathi kwe-HIV kanye neminye imikhakha yomdlavuza.
Eminye yalezi, njengomdlavuza we- anal , isixhumanisi sibonakala sicacile. Ngesinye isikhathi engabonakali e-US, enezicansi ezingaba ngu-20 000 ezibikwa phakathi kuka-1980 no-2005, umdlavuza wamangcwaba namuhla ngumdlavuza wesine ovame kakhulu otholakala kubantu abane-HIV. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amadoda angama-gay noma abesilisa nabesifazane abesandulela ngculaza bangase babe nethuba elingaphezu kuka-60 elikhulu lokukhula komdlavuza wesibele kunabantu abangenalo igciwane.
Ngokufanayo, isifo sikaHodgkin (uhlobo lomdlavuza wegazi olufana ne-non-Hodgkin lymphoma) luphakathi kwezikhathi eziyisihlanu kuya kwezingu-10 okungenzeka ukuthi lithinte abantu abane-HIV, kanti umdlavuza wekhanda / wezinwele nomdlavuza wesibindi, ngokulandelana, izikhathi eziyisishiyagalombili nesishiyagalolunye kwenzeka.
Konke okukhulunywe ngakho, i-cancer yobuchopho, umlomo, umphimbo, amaphaphu, isibindi, izinso, umlomo wesibeletho, i-anus kanye ne-lymph tissue kubonakala kungathinteki abantu abanesandulela ngculaza, kanti iningi labo litholakala eminyakeni engu-10-15 ngaphambili kunezihlobo zabo ezingenalo igciwane.
(Ehlangothini lwe-flip, abantu abanesandulela ngculazi ngokuvamile abonakali ukuthi banomngcipheko ophezulu wokuthuthukiswa kwamagciwane webele, ama-ovari, isambatho, isisu, i-colon noma i-rectum.)
Izimbangela Zengozi Ekhulayo
Ezinye izifo ezithintekayo ziboniswe ukuthi zifaka isandla engozini enkulu, njengaleyo phakathi kwe-hepatitis C nesifo somdlavuza wesibindi; I-HPV nomdlavuza wesibeletho womlomo wesibeletho; kanye ne- Epstein Barr virus nesifo sikaHodgkin.
Phakathi naleso sikhathi, izici zokuphila zendabuko, njengokubhema nokuphuza utshwala, zingaqhubeka ziphoqele ingozi, ikakhulukazi ngamagciwane ephaphu noma esibindi.
Okubaluleke nakakhulu, mhlawumbe, yiyona indima ye-HIV ngokwayo. Ngenkathi siyazi ukuthi i-HIV ayibangeli ngokuqondile umdlavuza, ukuvuvukala okuqhubekayo okuhambisana nokutheleleka kubonakala kuxhunyaniswe ngokuqinile nesilinganiso sezinga eliphezulu.
Lokhu kubonakala kuyiqiniso ngisho nalapho iziguli zikhona ku-ART ezinezintambo ezingavamile ezingavamile .
Ukucwaninga namuhla kusikisela ngokuqinile ukuthi ukuvuvukala okuqhubekayo, ngisho namazinga aphansi, kungase kuphele isikhathi eside amasosha omzimba. Lokhu ukuwohloka (okubizwa ngokuthi yi-senescence ngaphambi kwesikhathi) kubhekwa njengokwemvelo kubantu asebekhulile. Kodwa-ke, ukuvuvukala okuhambisana ne-HIV, lokhu ukuguga kusenesikhathi kungaqhubeki nje kuphela isikhathi sokuthatha umdlavuza, kwenza kanjalo nezinye izimo eziningi ezihlobene nokuguga, kusukela ekukhubaleleni okungenangqondo kuya ekuhloleni kwethambo kwesifo senhliziyo .
Indlela Yokunciphisa Ingozi Yomdlavuza Wakho
Isihluthulelo sokunciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza yisifo sokutholwa kanye nokwelashwa kokutheleleka nge-HIV. Ukuqaliswa kwe- ART ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa kungagcina noma kubuyisele imishanguzo yokuzivikela enempilo ngenkathi kunciphisa ingozi yamanye emdlavuza ngamaphesenti angama-50.
Ezinye izincomo zabantu abane-HIV zifaka:
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-pap smear yonyaka ngomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho
- I-Hepatitis B nokuhlolwa kwe- hepatitis C
- Izivivinyo ze- pap smear zesikhashana zesikhathi samadoda abesilisa nabesifazane abesilisa nabesifazane noma noma yimuphi umuntu onama-analts anal
- Ukugoma kwe- HPV kwabesifazane abaneminyaka yobudala engu-11 kuya ku-26, abesilisa abaneminyaka yobudala engu-11 kuya ku-21, amadoda abesilisa ocansini abalala nobulili namadoda (MSM) abaneminyaka engu-22 kuya ku-26 ubudala, noma amadoda angama-immunosuppressed age abaneminyaka engu-22 kuya ku-26
- Ukuyeka ukubhema
- Ukwehlisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala, ikakhulukazi kubantu abane-hepatitis B noma C
- Imikhuba yezocansi ephephile ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwesifo sofuba nesifo se-HPV
- Ezinye izivivinyo ezihlolwe ngomdlavuza njengoba ziqondiswa udokotela wakho
Imithombo:
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I-Crum-Cianflone, N., MD; I-Huppler Hullsiek, K., i-PhD; UVincent Marconi, Vm MD, et al. "Amathrendi Okubangela Amanqunu Phakathi Kwabantu Abathintekayo Ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kanye Nethonya Lokuthola I-Antiretroviral Therapy: Isifundo Sezinyanga Ezingama-20." AIDS , 2009; 23 (1): 41-50.
AmaShiels, M .; Pfeiffer, R .; Gail, M., et al. "Umthamo Wegciwane Emdlalweni Wezandulela Ngculaza Ethempelini Lase-United States." I-XVIII I-International AIDS Conference, eVienna. Abstract WEAB0101, 2010.
Nguyen, M .; Farrell, K .; kanye no-Gunthel C. "Ukungahloniphi i-AIDS-Ukuchaza izidakamizwa ezigulini ezinegciwane lesandulela ngculaza ku-HAART Era. Umbiko Wengculazi Osukhona Okwamanje. Januwari 2010; 12 (1): 46-55.
Chao, C .; Leyden, W .; Xu, L., et al. "Ukuvezwa kwe-antiretroviral therapy kanye nengozi yomdlavuza kubantu abanegciwane lesandulela ngculazi." AIDS. Ngo-Novemba 13, 2012; 26 (17): 2223-31.