Kungase kubonakale kuyinqaba ukufunda ukuthi ukutheleleka nge-HIV kungabangela ukuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi, kodwa kubonakala kuyiqiniso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi akuyona nje indaba ye-HIV ebangela uchungechunge lwezimpawu ezivame ukutholakala kubantu abadala. Esikhundleni salokho, impilo yonke yabantu abanezifo ezingenayo i-HIV elawulwa kahle ifana neyabantu abangenayo igciwane lesandulela ngculazi abaneminyaka engaba ngu-15 ubudala.
Ezinye zezinkinga ezivamile zezempilo zokuguga ezenzeka nakakhulu kubantu abasha abane-HIV zibandakanya:
- Izinkinga Zengqondo - I-HIV ingaholela ezinkingeni ngezinqubo zokucabanga, inkumbulo, nokulahlekelwa kwevolumu yengqondo.
- I-Bone Fragility - Abantu abanesandulela ngculaza banomngcipheko ophakeme kakhulu wokuba ne-osteoporosis kanye nama-fractures.
- Isifo sikashukela - Isifo sikashukela sivame kakhulu kubantu abane-HIV, nakuba kungaziwa ukuthi kungakanani okubangelwa ukutheleleka nokuthi kungakanani ngenxa yemiphumela emibi ye- HAART .
- Izifo Zezinhliziyo - Ngokwengxenye ngenxa yezinguquko kumaphrofayili e-lipid abangelwa imithi ethile yegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, abantu abanegciwane lesandulela ngculaza basengozini enkulu yokwelashwa komzimba we-coronary nezinye izinkinga zenhliziyo.
- Ukuhluleka Kwezinso - Ingozi ephakeme yokuhluleka kwezinso kubangelwa imiphumela eqondile yalesi sifo kanye nokwehliswa ngcono kwezifo ezithinta ngqo izinso - njenge- hepatitis .
Abantu abaningi abanesandulela ngculaza banesinye noma ngaphezulu kwalezi zimo zokuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi - into eyaziwa njenge- polypathology .
Nakuba i-polypathology ibonakala nakubantu abadala abadala abangenayo igciwane lesandulela ngculaza, kwenzeka eminyakeni eyi-15 edlule kubantu abanesandulela ngculazi - kubantu abaneminyaka engama-40 ubudala kunokuba baneminyaka engama-55 ubudala abangenasifo.
Ukuguga kusengaphambili kungenzeka kubantu abane-HIV noma ngabe bathatha imishanguzo ye-antiretroviral noma cha.
Eqinisweni, ezinye izigaba zemithi elwa nezidambisigciwane zingabangela ukuba izimpawu zokuguga zingakabi isikhathi.
Kungani i-HIV ibangela ukuguga kusengaphambili?
Kunezizathu eziningi zokuthi kungani i-HIV ingabangela ukuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Okubili kokubili okuhlolwe kahle kakhulu yi-toxicity mitochondrial kanye ne-immunosenescence.
Kucatshangwa ukuthi ubuthi lweMitochondrial bubangelwa ikakhulukazi ngokusetshenziswa kwama- NRTI , kodwa kubonakala sengathi kwenzeka nakwiziguli ze-HIV ezingathathi lelo gciwane lezidakamizwa.
I-Mitochondria yiziteshi zamandla esitokisini - zenza elinye lamakhemikhali ukuthi imizimba yethu idinga ukuqhubeka. Kubantu abahlukunyezwa yi-mitochondrial, lezi zimboni ziqala ukuvala futhi zikhiqize kancane. Ubuthi be-Mitochondrial buxhunywe nenani lezimpawu zokuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi, kuhlanganise nezinkinga ze-insulin ne- lipodystrophy .
I-immunosenescence ibhekisela ekunciphiseni kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela omzimba esivame ukuvela ngobudala, kodwa okwenzeka ngokushesha kubantu abanegciwane lesandulela ngculazi. Kubangelwa ukuguquka kwamagciwane kanye nesimo esingapheli sokuvuvukala okungaba nemiphumela emibi empilweni yonke.
Ukuvuvukala kwezinga eliphezulu nakho kuyisignali yokuguga kubantu abadala abangenayo i-HIV. Kodwa-ke, kucatshangwa ukuthi ukuvuselelwa njalo kwesistimu yomzimba ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kungenye yezizathu ezenza kwenzeke nge-HIV ngesikhathi esincane.
> Imithombo:
> Capeau J. Ukuguga Kwangaphambi Kokuqala Nokuguga Okuhlobene Nesikhathi Esihlobene Neziguli Ezigciwane lesandulela ngculaza: Amaphuzu kanye nezinkolelo. I-Dis Infect Dis. 2011 Dec; 53 (11): 1127-9.
> Chang L, Andres M, Sadino J, Jiang CS, Nakama H, Miller E, Ernst T. Impact ye-apolipoprotein E 4 ne-HIV ekuqondeni nasekuhloleni ubuchopho: i-pleiostic pleiotropy kanye nokuguga kwengqondo ngaphambi kwesikhathi. I-Neuroimage. 2011 Oct 15; 58 (4): 1017-27.
> Paik IJ, Kotler DP. Ukusabalalisa kanye ne-pathogenesis yesifo sikashukela iphathwa ngokutheleleka nge-HIV. I-Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Jun; 25 (3): 469-78.
> I-Maagaard A, i-Kvale D. Ubuthi obuthakathaka be-Mitochondrial ezigulini ezinegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kokubili kanye nokulashwa kwe-antiretroviral: indlela eqhubekayo noma ehlukile? J Antimicrob Chemother. 2009 Nov; 64 (5): 901-9.
> Rickabaugh TM, Kilpatrick RD, Hultin LE, Hultin PM, Hausner MA, CA Sugar, Althoff KN, Margolick JB, Rinaldo CR, Detels R, Phair J, Effros RB, Jamieson BD. Umthelela ombili we-HIV-1 ukutheleleka nokuguga kuma-CD4 T-cell angama-naïve: amathrekhi anezelayo futhi ahlukene okukhubazeka. PLoS One. 2011 Jan 26; 6 (1): e16459.