Umaka Owuphawu Lwamaphesenti we-PrEP, Ukuhlukumeza, Nokuzibophezela
U-2017 wawungunyaka we-PrEP. Ngaphezu kwanoma yikuphi ukuthuthukiswa komtholampilo, i- HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (i-PrEP) yafakazela ukuthi singakuthola kanjani kuphela ukuphatha lesi sifo kodwa ukunikeza abantu ithuluzi lokuzivikela ekutheleleni.
Akukhona ukuthi yimibuzo kuphela eyathatha isihloko se-headlines ngo-2017. Sasizibona sihlela ngokusondela ekuthatheleni izindlela zokwelashwa ezintathu zedokotela ngezidakamizwa.
Kungenzeka ukuthi sinomdla wokuba nezidakamizwa ze-HIV ezithatha isikhathi eside ezingadingi ngaphezu kwesibhamu njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu.
Ngokwehla, ubufakazi bubonisa ukuthi ukulwa nomuthi, i-tenofovir , ukwakhiwa nokuthi iminikelo emikhosini ye-HIV yomhlaba wonke iyancipha njengoba ama-US namanye ama-G12 abambisana nobuzwe ngokubambisana.
Futhi nsuku zonke sibona uMnyango Wokunakekelwa Okungenakusiza unqunywe futhi unqunywe yi-Trump yokuphatha, ukubeka impilo yalabo abaphila nezifo ezingapheli, njenge-HIV, ngaphansi komthunzi wokungaqiniseki.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi u-2018 unyaka wokuphila okuhle, kunezinqumo ezinhlanu wonke umuntu okufanele azenze:
1. Phendwa Namuhla
Njengamanje e-United States, kunconywa ukuthi wonke umuntu oneminyaka engama-15 no-65 ahlolwe i-HIV njengengxenye yokuvakasha kukadokotela njalo. Njengoba kulinganiselwa ukuthi abantu abangu-200 000 kanye nabaseMelika bangakatholakali ngesifo, isimemo sokuhlolwa kwendawo yonke asikaze siqine.
Izinketho zokuhlola zibandakanya ukuhlolwa kwesandulela-ngculazi esilandelayo esilandelayo okugunyazwa nguMnyango wezeMpilo kanye nezinsizakalo zabasebenzi. Ukulingwa okulula, okwenziwe ngomunwe kunganciphisa isikhathi sefasitela kusukela kumaviki amane kuya kwezinsuku ezingu-12.
Ngaphezulu, ukuhlolwa okusheshayo ngaphakathi kwekhaya nakho kuyatholakala kulabo abangase bagweme izikhungo zokuhlola umphakathi.
Ngenkathi kunembile kakhulu kunezingqinamba, ukuhlolwa kokunakekelwa, anganikeza umuntu amandla okuzimela okukhulu kanye nokuyimfihlo kanye nokusekelwa kwe-hotline kufanele ukuhlolwa okuhle kubuyiselwe.
2. Qala ukwelashwa kwe-HIV Namuhla
U-2017 wawunyaka lapho iziphathimandla zempilo eziningi emhlabeni jikelele zivuselela ucingo lokuhlolwa kwe-universal kanye nokwelapha. Akusafanele ukuthi ukwelashwa kubambezeleke ngokususelwa ekubalweni kwe- CD4 Namuhla, ukwelashwa ekuxilongweni akugcini nje kuphela kuqinisekisa impilo enempilo, isikhathi eside kodwa kunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokudluliselwa kumlingani ongathintekile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqalwa kokuqala kwelashwa kuholela ekude isikhathi eside kunazo zonke kubantu abane-HIV, ngokulinda kwesikhathi sokuphila okulingana nomuntu jikelele .
3. Thola futhi Uhlale Ungabonakali
Izinzuzo zokwelashwa zakuqala zize zifinyelele kulabo abangenalo igciwane lesandulela ngculazi. Ngokusekela umthamo wegciwane elingenakutholakali, umuntu ophila negciwane lesandulela ngculazi ungaphansi kwamaphesenti angama-96 ukuhambisa igciwane kumlingani ongathintekile.
Qala ngokuzibophezela ekubambelelweni kwezidakamizwa ezingaphazanyiswa. Lokhu kufaka hlangana nokuqinisekisa ukuvakatjhwa kodokotela njalo nokuhlolwa kwebhu begodu nokufumana ukusekela uma kunzima ukubhekana nalo.
Namuhla, bambalwa abangamaphesenti angama-65 abantu baseMelika abakwelashwa ngegciwane lesandulela ngculazi abakwazi ukufeza imithwalo engavumelekile yegciwane.
Umphumela wokwehluleka kungaba omkhulu, okuholela ekwehliseni isikhathi sokuphila iminyaka engaba ngu-11.
4. Thatha i-PrEP
I-PrEP iyisimo sokuvimbela lapho umthamo wansuku zonke weTruvada unganciphisa ingozi yomuntu yokuthola i-HIV ngamaphesenti angu-92. I-PrEP okwamanje inconywa kubantu abasengozini enkulu yokutheleleka, kuhlanganise namadoda alala nobulili namadoda , ukujova abasebenzisi bezidakamizwa , kanye nemibhangqwana esezingeni elixubile ne-HIV.
Ngenkathi ukutholakala kwe-PrEP bekuphuzile kusukela izincomo zanikezwa okokuqala ngo-2014, ukwamukelwa kwabathengi bekulokhu kukhishwa. Maphakathi no-2017, ngaphezu kuka-136 000 kwakunqunywe iPrEP, ngokusho komkhiqizi wezidakamizwa.
Izinhlelo zokukhokhela ama-Co-pay zikhona kulabo abafanelekayo, okwenza ukufinyelela ku-PrEP kube lula kakhulu kulabo abaphikisiwe ukwelashwa ngomshuwalense wabo.
5. Thola uxhumano lokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha
I-HIV iyimpilo engapheli, impilo yonke, eyodwa engaphathwa ngendlela efanele kodwa idinga ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo kwezokwelapha. Ukwehluleka kokwelashwa kunomphumela owodwa wokunakekelwa okungahambisani, lapho abantu abawela khona futhi bephuma ohlelweni bavame ukuba abampofu kunelabo abahlala behlala njalo ekunakekeleni.
Ucwaningo lwamuva lubonise ukuthi amaphesenti angu-68 abantu abagcinwe ekunakekeleni bakwazi ukufeza futhi agcine umthamo wegciwane elingenakulinganiswa uma kuqhathaniswa namaphesenti angu-43 kuphela alabo abazinikela ngokuzithandela baphume ohlelweni.
Izithiyo zokunakekela i-HIV ngokuvamile ziyinkimbinkimbi, ikakhulukazi kulabo abangakwazi ukukhokhela izindleko eziphezulu ze-HIV. Kodwa zikhona izixazululo, hhayi kuphela kubantu abahola kancane kodwa kunoma yimuphi umuntu onzima ukukhokhela izidakamizwa noma umshwalense.
Qala ngokufunda ukuthi yiziphi izinhlelo zokusiza ongazifanelekela futhi uhlole amasu amasha okuthola umshwalense wezindleko eziphansi noma ngabe yikuphi ibhakha lakho lokuthola imali.
> Imithombo:
> Branson, B .; Owen, uS .; I-Wesolowski, M .; et al. "Ukuvivinywa kwelabhulali yokuthola ukutheleleka nge-HIV: Izincomo ezibuyekeziwe." Amasevisi aseMelika okuLawula nokuvimbela izifo (CDC). I-Atlanta, Georgia; ikhishwe ngoDisemba 26, 2017.
> Hogg, R .; I-Althoff, K .; I-Samji, H .; et al. "Ukwandisa esikhathini sokuphila phakathi kwabantu abathintekayo abane-HIV e-United States naseCanada, 2000-2007." I-7th International AIDS Society (IAS) Ingqungquthela yePathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention. I-Kuala Lumpur, e-Malaysia. Juni 30-Julayi 3, 2013; Abstract TUPE260.
> I-US Preventive Services Task Force. "Ukuhlolwa kwesandulela ngculazi: Isitatimende Sokuncoma Sezinsizakalo Zezinsizakalo Ze-US Preventive Services." I-Rockville, e-Maryland; April 2013.