Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukholelwa ukuthi i-cannabis kufanele isetshenziswe ekunakekelweni kwezempilo noma ukuthi awukho yini, leli qiniso lihlala likhona ukuthi inambuzane yezokwelapha ivunyelwe emazweni angu-25 naseSifunda saseColombia. Izifunda ezine ne DC zivumela ngisho nokusetshenziswa kokuzijabulisa komuthi. Ezinye izifunda manje zibheke ekumthethweni njengokuzikhethela.
Uhulumeni kahulumeni akavumelani. I-US Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) iyaqhubeka nokuhlukanisa inambuzane njengesidakamizwa soHlelo I futhi lokho kwenza kube ngokungemthetho.
Lokho kusho ukuthini kubantu baseMedarela abangase bafune ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa zokwelashwa?
Ukuqonda uMthetho Wezinto Ezilawulwayo
Umthetho Wezakhi Ezilawulwayo (CSA) ka-1970 wahlela uhlelo lokuhlukanisa izidakamizwa. Ihlukanise izidakamizwa ngezigaba ezinhlanu, noma ama-schedule, ngokusekelwe engozini yokubangelwa ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa noma ukuthembela:
- IShedyuli I: Akukho ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha ezamukelwe; ingozi enkulu yokuhlukunyezwa nokuthembela
- IShedyuli II: Ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha ezamukelekile; ingozi enkulu yokuhlukunyezwa nokuthembela
- IShedyuli III: Ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha ezamukelekile; ukulinganisela kuya engozini encane yokuhlukunyezwa noma ukuxhomeka
- IShedyuli IV: Ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha ezamukelwe; ingozi encane yokuhlukunyezwa noma ukuxhomeka
- IShedyuli V: Ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha ezamukelwe; ingozi enkulu yokuhlukunyezwa noma ukuxhomeka
Yize amagama asetshenziswa njalo, ukuhlukunyezwa nokuxhomeka kuhluke kakhulu. Ngokwemigomo elula, ukuthembela kusho ukuthi umzimba udinga izidakamizwa kanti ukuhlukunyezwa kusho ingqondo yomuntu, isimo sabo sengqondo noma sengqondo, sidinga.
Ngokwemthethweni emazweni amaningi, izicelo zenziwe i-DEA ukuba ihlele kabusha inambuzane kuSheduli I kumuthi weSheduli II. Lokhu kuzoba nemigomo engayikuthi ithinte kuphela ukugcinwa komthetho wendawo kodwa futhi nemithethonqubo mayelana nokukhiqiza ngisho nokungenisa kanye nokuthunyelwa kwezidakamizwa.
Ngo-Agasti 2016, i-DEA yenqaba lezo zikhalazo, kugcina insangu njengesidakamizwa seSheduli I.
Ingabe I-Marijuana Iyingozi Kakhulu kune-Cocaine?
Ungaba nzima ukuthola umuntu ongacabangi ukuthi i-cocaine iyisidakamizwa esiyingozi, esilutha umlutha. Ngokuthakazelisayo, Nokho, i-cocaine yisidakamizwa seSheduli II. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uhulumeni wesifundazwe ubona izinzuzo zezokwelapha ezivela ku-cocaine kodwa hhayi ubunikazi.
I-Cocaine isetshenzisiwe ngokuyinhloko njenge-anesthetic ye-topical for conditions, indlebe, ne-throat futhi ngisho ne-vasoconstrictor ukusiza ukuyeka ukuphuma kwegazi. Ukusetshenziswa kwalo kunqunyelwe ekusetshenzisweni kochwepheshe bezokwelapha. Yini engasetshenziswa ngayo inambuzane? Uhulumeni uthi akukho ulwazi olwanele lokufakazela ukuthi luphephile.
Imithethonqubo ye-Federal ebeka ukulinganiselwa kocwaningo kuyinkimbinkimbi. Okokuqala, ucwaningo ludinga imali, futhi izibonelelo zinzima kakhulu futhi zilukhuni ukuza zinikezwe uhlobo lomuthi obhekwa njengengozi nokulutha ngokwezindinganiso zeSheduli I. Ukuze uqhubeke nocwaningo, kumele kwenziwe isicelo kuMnyango wezeMpilo kanye noHulumeni lwabantu ukuze ufinyelele inambuzane yokucwaninga-grade; insangu evela epulazini elilodwa e-United States eliye lavunyelwa ukuba likhule, ipulazi e-University of Mississippi.
Kuphela ngo-Agasti 2016 okwenziwe i-DEA ukuthi izovumela amanye amanyuvesi ukuba afake isicelo sokutshala inambuzane ngezinhloso zocwaningo.
Khona-ke abacwaningi kufanele bathole imvume ku-DEA ukuba bathathe futhi bathuthele lesi sidakamizwa. Iminyaka ingadlula ngaphambi kokuba isifundo singakwazi ngisho nokuphuma emhlabathini, uma kunjalo. Umphumela wokuphela wukuthi azikho eziningi izilingo zomtholampilo ukusekela ukusetshenziswa kwayo, okungenani akwanele ukukholisa uhulumeni wesifundazwe. Hhayi okwamanje.
Ukusebenzisa i-Marijuana yezokwelapha
Kodwa-ke, kukhona ezinye izifundo zokusekela ukusetshenziswa komtholampilo. Kukhona ucwaningo olubonisa izinzuzo zezempilo zogubhu kanye nezakhiwa zalo, ikakhulukazi ingxenye esebenzayo yobunikazi ebizwa ngokuthi i-tetrahydrocannabinol (i-THC).
Idatha eyengeziwe, noma kunjalo, itholakala ezilwaneni kunabantu.
Izimo zezokwelapha ezinesidingo sokusekela ukusetshenziswa kwamanoni wezokwelapha, okungenani ngezinga elithile, zihlanganisa:
- Ukunciphisa ukudla
- Ubuhlungu obuhlobene nomdlavuza
- Ukufa kwesifo
- I-glaucoma
- I-HIV
- Multiple sclerosis
- I-nausea nokuhlanza
- I-neipathy neuropathy
Kunenkxaso encane yokusetshenziswa kwamanoni ezokwelapha ngo-fibromyalgia, isifo sikaHuntington, isifo sika-Parkinson, isifo samathambo esiwumzimba, noma ubuhlungu obuhlobene non-cancer.
Kuzo zonke izimo, imiphumela emibi ye-psychoactive iyinkinga.
Ukulawulwa Kwezokudla Nezidakamizwa okwamanje kuvumela imithi emibili yokunakekelwa yomshoshaphansi yokusetshenziswa e-United States. I-Cesamet (nabilone) ne- Marinol (i-dronabinol) isetshenziselwa ukuphatha isicanucanu nokuhlanza kubantu abasebenzisa i-chemotherapy. I-Marinol ingasetshenziselwa ukuphatha i-anorexia nokulahleka kwesisindo kubantu abane-HIV. Le mithi yiSheduli II no-III, ngokulandelana, naphezu kokwenziwa kokwenziwa kwe-THC.
I-Medicare ne-Medical Marijuana
I-Medicare ngeke ikhokhele izidakamizwa zeSheduli ngoba ngencazelo ayikho isidingo sempilo. Akukhona lokho kuphela, kodwa i-Medicare iyinkqubo yesifundazwe futhi emehlweni e-DEA, inhlangano ephethwe yizinhlangano, inambuzane iphikisana nomthetho. Ngaphandle uma i-DEA yenza ushintsho lwesimiso (futhi yenqabe ukwenza kanjalo ngo-Agasti 2016), inambuzane yezokwelapha isuke etafuleni labahlomuli beMedare ngaphandle uma befuna ukuyikhokhela ephaketheni .
Lokho kubonakala sengathi yilokho okwenzekayo!
Ngokwesifundo se-2016 kwizeMpilo, ukuchitha imali emzimbeni we-Part D kwehla emazweni lapho inambuzane yezokwelapha yayifinyeleleka khona. Okushiwo ukuthi abantu baphendukela endlebeni yezokwelapha esikhundleni salokho. Ngokusobala, imishanguzo ye-Part D yayimiswe kancane ngaphansi kwezimo ezingaphathwa ngandlela-thile ngezokwelapha.
Ukulondolozwa kweMedricare kwafinyelela ku-$ 165 million ngonyaka ka-2013. Abacwaningi bacabange ukuthi lezo zimali zingase zibe ngaphezu kwama-$ 470 million uma inambuzane yezokwelapha ingokomthetho ezweni lonke. Ingabe amaCenter for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) azobona imbongi yezokwelapha njengendlela yokunciphisa izindleko esikhathini esizayo? Okungenani emazweni lapho kungokomthetho? Isikhathi sizokutshela.
> Imithombo:
> Bradford AC, uBradford WD. Imithetho Yama-Marijuana Ezokwelapha Imithi Yokunciphisa Imishanguzo Yokwelashwa Sebenzisa Ku-Medicare Ingxenye D. Health Aff. 2016 July; 35 (7): 1230-1236. i-doi: 10.1377 / hlthaff.2015.1661.
> Ukulawulwa Kwezokulawulwa Kwezidakamizwa. Ukuhlelwa kwezidakamizwa. https://www.dea.gov/druginfo/ds.shtml.
> Ebusayo: Amazwe Nendawo. Imephu Yomthetho We-Marijuana Map. http://www.governing.com/gov-data/state-marijuana-laws-map-medical-recreational.html.
> Murnion B. I-cannabis yezokwelapha. I-Aust Prescr. 2015 Dec; 38 (6): 212-5. I-Epub 2015 Dec. 1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4674028/.
> Isikhungo seNational on Abuse Abuse. Ama-Drug Facts: Ingabe I-Marijuana Medicine? https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/marijuana-medicine. Kubuyekezwe uJulayi 2015.