Umkhawulo Phakathi Kokuthi Ukwaziswa Ngokuhle Futhi Uba I-Cyberchondriac
Ngokusho kwePew Research Center, abangaphezu kwesithathu kwabaseMelika basebenzisa i-intanethi uma bakholelwa ukuthi banenkinga yezempilo. Imiphumela yabo yokusesha, noma kunjalo, ayilandelwa njalo ngokuvakashela kudokotela. Ukuzihlolisisa oku-intanethi kuba yinto evamile kubasebenzisi be-inthanethi abaye baqaphela kakhulu inani elikhulu lemithombo yezempilo e-inthanethi futhi bafuna ukuzizwa belawula imizimba yabo nenhlalakahle yabo.
Esikhundleni sokulinda i-aphoyintimenti, kufanele uxoxisane nodokotela ngezimpawu zabo futhi ngezikhathi ezithile ucele izivivinyo zokuxilonga ezengeziwe, iziguli ezingenzeka manje zenza usesho olunzulu leWebhu futhi zixhumane nokuxilongwa okuhlukile ngezibonakaliso zazo kuze kube yilapho zithola enye ebonakala ifaneleka kakhulu.
I-intanethi yenza ulwazi oluhlobene nempilo lufinyeleleke kalula emhlabeni jikelele. Kuyasiza ukufundisa abantu ngempilo yabo futhi kubenze bakwazi ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nezinketho zabo zokwelapha. Kunezibonelo zabantu abazibonela kahle emva kweminyaka eminingi yokungazi kahle. Isibonelo sakamuva yindaba embi kaBronte Doyne. UBronte utshelwe odokotela bakhe ukuthi bayeke ukuzihlola futhi ekugcineni bafe ngenxa yesimo ayezihlonzile, kodwa isimo esingazange sibheke odokotela besiphatha kuze kube sekupheleni.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, Ukuqhamuka izimpawu zakho zezokwelapha akupheli ekunqumeni futhi kungase kuvele ezinkathazweni ezingadingekile ukukhathazeka okungadingekile, ukuguqula ama-hypochondriac wangaphambili kuma-cyberchondriacs anamuhla.
Abanye bangase bathambekele ekutheni bafune ulwazi lwezempilo njalo ku-intanethi, bazihlolisise futhi bafune ukuqinisekiswa, kanye nokuhlolwa okudingayo nokuhlolwa okungenzeka kungalungile.
Ukukhula kwezimpawu ezingenacala
Izimpawu ezivamile zingaholela abanye abasebenzisi ukuba baqale ukuhlola izimo ezingavamile nezibucayi ezaza ngesikhathi sokusesha kwabo ku-intanethi.
Ucwaningo olukhulu oluphelile ngonyaka ka-2008 lubonise ukuthi izinjini zokusesha zeWeb zikwazi ukwandisa ukukhathazeka ngokwezokwelapha kwabantu abanokuqeqeshwa okuncane noma okungenakho ukuqeqeshwa kwezokwelapha. Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi ukukhula kwezilwane kwakuthonywe inani nokusabalaliswa kokuqukethwe kwezokwelapha okubhekwa ngabasebenzisi, ukusetshenziswa kwesigamazwi esesabekayo kumasayithi abavakashele kanye nesimo somuntu sokuthi sikhathazeke. Ngokuphambene nalokho, kunabantu abathile abangakwazi ukuzihlola kahle, ikakhulukazi uma lokho abakubhekene nakho kuqondile kakhulu futhi kuyasendulo. Ngokwesibonelo, ezimweni ezinjengeBronte, umuntu ongaphandle angakwazi ukungazinaki noma ukungazinaki futhi aphathwe yiqembu lezokwelapha njengesimo esivamile sezokwelapha uma kungenjalo.
Noma kunjalo, ulwazi lwezempilo olutholakalayo ku-intanethi luvame ukungalungile noma aluphelele. Lapho behlola abahlolwayo abangu-23 bokuhlola ukuhlolwa kwabo nokuhlonza, abacwaningi baseHarvard Medical School bathole ukulahlekelwa okukhathazayo. Ingxenye yesithathu kuphela (amaphesenti angama-34) aphethwe ukuthola ukuxilongwa kahle okokuqala, futhi ingxenye engaphezu kwesigamu (amaphesenti angu-57) anikeze iseluleko esifanele sokuhlanza (isb. Ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo noma okungekho okuphuthumayo). Futhi, ngokusho kukaMathew Chung weNyuvesi yaseSouth Carolina School of Medicine, i-intanethi ivame ukunikeza izincomo ezingahambisani nezeluleko zokwelashwa ezisesikhathini.
UChung wafunda izincomo ze-intanethi zokulala usana oluphephile. Wathola ukuthi kumawebhusayithi angu-1,300, ngaphansi kwengxenye (amaphesenti angu-43.5) anikeze ulwazi olunembile ngalesi sihloko sempilo.
Ungayithuthukisa kanjani abahloli bama-inthanethi?
Lapho izigidi zabasebenzisi zifuna ulwazi lwezempilo ku-intanethi, lokhu kudala idamu elikhulu lemininingwane. Abacwaningi manje bafaka lezi zedatha ukuze bahlole izimo zokuqagela ezibikezelayo ezingenza abashayeli bezimpawu ze-intanethi babe ngcono. Izentuthuko zakamuva ekufundeni komshini zisiza imizamo yabo yokuthola amaphethini ekusesheni kwe-intanethi nokuxilonga isimo ngaphambili. Umfundi odokotela uJohn Paparrizos uhlangane no-Eric Horvitz noRyen White, abalobi bombiko ka-2008 we-cyberchondria, ukudala i-algorithm engabonisa abantu abasanda kutholakala benomdlavuza we-pancreatic ngokubheka ukusesha kwabo kwangaphambili kwe-inthanethi.
Ukutadisha kwabo kubonise ukuthi ukuxilongwa okungathí sina kungase kubhekiswe ngokuhlola imibuzo yomuntu e-intanethi. Ngesistimu ethuthukisiwe yamathuluzi e-intanethi, iziguli zingase zitholakale ngaphambi kokuba ziphuze kakhulu ukuzophatha.
Ukuvimbela amaphutha okuxilongwa
Izinhlelo zokuxhaswa kwezinqumo zemitholampilo (CDSSs) ziyizinhlelo zokuxhumana ezingasisiza manje abasebenzi bezempilo ukuthi benze izinqumo ezisekelwe ebufakazini futhi bangabikezela ngisho nemiphumela yokwelapha. Ngokwengxenye impendulo ku-critic ukuthi odokotela bahlale behluleka ukubhekisisa, ngaphezulu noma ekunakekeleni, futhi / noma behluleka ukubhekisela kwezinye izidingo zezokwelapha, ama-CDSS abhekwa njengendlela enkulu yokuhlakanipha okufakelwayo kwezokwelapha futhi kulindeleke ukuba asebenze kangcono nakakhulu futhi sifaka ngokugcwele ukuguqulwa kwedijithali ekunakekelweni kwezempilo.
I-CDSS ibuye isetshenziswe ekuhloliseni, ukuhlolwa, ukuhlolwa kwezinhlekelele, ukuhlola, ukuhlolwa kokwelashwa nokuqapha. I-CDSS ingaxhunyaniswa nedatha yesiguli kusuka kumarekhodi ezempilo kagesi.
Amamodeli akhethwe ama-CDSS athembele emithonjeni eminingi yedatha efana nolwazi lwezakhi zofuzo, imitholampilo kanye nezomphakathi. Ama-CDSS ayingxenye yenhlangano okuthiwa 'imithi yomuntu siqu' engekho emphakathini, kodwa kunalokho igxile ezungeze i-pharmacy kanye nokungenelela okuhambisana nomuntu ngamunye. Ucwaningo oluholwa nguDkt. Peter Elkin, oqondisa iNtaba yeSinayi yeSitatimende se-Biomedical Informatics, uphakamise ukuthi ama-CDSS angakwandisa ukutholakala kokuhlukana okuhlukile, okuzokwenza ukuhlonza kahle kahle kwenzeke, kunciphise ukuhlala esibhedlela, kusindise izimpilo futhi kuhlinzeke ngokubaluleka kwezomnotho kuzo zombili kumguli kanye nomhlinzeki.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-CDSS okwenziwe kabanzi akukenzekanga okwamanje, kodwa ochwepheshe abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi amathuluzi anjalo angasiza ekunqobeni ama-idiosyncrasies akhona ekunakekelweni kwezempilo namuhla. Futhi, inani le-CDSS liyaziwa ngokubambisana namarekhodi ezempilo kagesi ( EHR ). Lolu hlobo lobuchwepheshe bezempilo lungavimbela igebe phakathi kwe-theory nokuzijwayeza okuvame ukuthinta inqubo yokuxilonga bese kushiya iziguli ezinganelisekile. Iziguli kanye nabahlengikazi badinga ngokufanayo namathuba okuthola ubuchwepheshe bezempilo, kodwa singalahlekelwa isitifiketi sezinselele ezihambisana nokuphazamiseka kwezobuchwepheshe. Njengoba la mathuluzi aguqukela, ithemba labo abasebenzisi bayohlonywa kangcono ukwenza izinqumo ezinempilo, ezinolwazi mayelana nokuzinakekela kwabo nokwelapha.
> Imithombo
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