Ukwazi Izimpawu Kuyisinyathelo Sokuqala Ukugwema
Izimpawu ze- HIV ziyahlukahluka futhi ziyahlukahluka ngesigaba sokutheleleka. Izimpawu eziningi ezihlobene nokutheleleka kokuqala zibangelwa ukuphendula komzimba ku-virus ngokwayo, lapho isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sitholakala khona phambi kwe-agent yangaphandle. Ngakho-ke, izimpawu ziwumphumela wokuvuvukala okwenzeka lapho umzimba ulwa nokutheleleka.
Izimpawu zesifo sesandulela ngculaza zihlukile. Lokhu kwenzeka uma i-HIV igula kancane kancane isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, ukunciphisa ikhono layo lokulwa ngaphandle kokutheleleka. Ukunciphisa ukuzivikela komzimba, ingozi enkulu (futhi ububanzi) yezifo ezingenzeka. Ngakho-ke, izimpawu zihlobene-negciwane lesandulela ngculaza-okusho ukuthi nakuba i-HIV inikeza ithuba lokutheleleka, izibonakaliso ziwumphumela wokutheleleka okuthethelelayo (I-OI) .
Isikhathi sokuvuselela
Lapho umuntu enesandulela ngculaza, igciwane lidlula isikhathi sokukhushulwa phakathi kwamasonto amathathu kuya kwamatsatfu. Ngalesi sikhathi, njengoba igciwane landa ngokushesha emzimbeni, isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sisusa impendulo nge-antibodies evikelayo. Lezi zinselo zomzimba zisetshenziselwa ukuzivikela kanye nokunciphisa izinambuzane ezibangelwa isifo njenge-HIV.
Ukuhlolwa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza lanamuhla kuxhomeke ekukholeni kwamagciwane (noma ukuhlanganiswa kwama-antibodies kanye nama-antigens) ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukutheleleka kwenzekile.
Uma ukuhlolelwa i-HIV kusenesikhathi esifushane , ngesikhathi sokuthiwa ngefasitela , ukuntuleka kwama-antibodies kunganikeza umphumela wokuhlola wamanga omubi.
I-Seroconversion enamandla
Isikhathi sokugxilwa ngokushesha silandelwa yi- seroconversion esiyinkimbinkimbi yesigaba, lapho izivikeli zomzimba zomzimba zivaliwe ngokugcwele futhi zilwa negciwane lesandulela ngculazi.
Izimpawu ezihambisana ne-seroconversion zingaba mnene futhi kalula ngephutha ngomkhuhlane. Kwabanye, empeleni, azikho izimpawu. Kwabanye, noma kunjalo, imiphumela ingabeka kakhulu futhi ihlala njalo. Cishe isigamu salabo abasanda kutholakala nge-HIV bazobhekana nezimpawu ezilandelayo phakathi kwe-seroconversion enzima:
- Fever
- Izinwele
- Izithukuthuku ebusuku
- Malaise
- I-Myalgia (isisu noma ubuhlungu obukhulu bomzimba)
- I-Rash (i-eczema efana nokubukeka futhi ivame ukuhanjiswa ezungeze izingxenye ezingaphezulu zomzimba kanye / noma izintende zezandla)
Ezinye izimpawu zingabandakanya ubuhlungu bomlomo, izilonda zomlomo / izifo, i-arthralgia (ubuhlungu obuhlangene), ne- lymphadenopathy (ukuvuvukala kwama-lymph glands). Iningi lalezi zimpawu zizoxazulula phakathi nesonto ngenyanga, kanti lymphadenopathy ngezinye izikhathi ingaqhubeka iminyaka.
I-AIDS (I-Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)
I-AIDS (noma i-immune deficiency syndrome) yisigaba sokutheleleka lapho isimiso somzimba samasosha omzimba sithinteka khona, okuvumela ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo umzimba ongazivimbela.
Ekuqaleni isebenza njengendlela yokubhekwa kwezifo, i-AIDS ichazwa yizikhungo zokulawulwa nokuvimbela izifo njengomuntu onegciwane lesandulela ngculaza.
- isibalo se-CD4 esingaphansi kwamangqamuzana angu-200 nge-microliter ngayinye (μL), kanye / noma;
- izimo ezithile nezimpawu ezihlobene ne-HIV.
Lezi zimo "ezithile" ziqukethe izifo ezithile ze-pulmonary, neurological, kanye nezomzimba kanye ne-cancers nezinye izifo ezingathinta labo abanamasosha omzimba ahlaselekile.
Njengamanje nje kuphela izimo ezingaphezu kuka-25 ezichaza isimo sengculazi ezingabonisa ngezigaba ezihlukahlukene zokutheleleka, kaningi ngaphezu kwengqikithi ye-CD4 yamaseli angu-200 / μL. Ngaphandle kokuba ukwelashwa kwe-antiretroviral kusetshenziswe ngokushesha, abantu abanesifo sengculazi ngokuvamile basinda iminyaka engaba ngu-3 ngokwesilinganiso.
Izifo ezithandwayo nge-CD4 Count
Ukubalwa kwe- CD4 kuyindlela yokukala amandla omzimba omzimba njengoba kunqunywe inani lamaseli e-CD4 avikelayo.
Njengomthetho jikelele, abantu abanezinombolo ze-CD4 zamangqamuzana angaphezu kuka-500 / μL abajwayele ukutheleleka.
Ukubalwa kwe-CD4 evamile kungahle kube khona kusuka phakathi kuka-500 kuya ku-1600 amaseli / μL. Uma inani liwela ngaphansi kuka-500, amathuba okutheleleka akhula njengoba izithiyo zokuzivikela ziphela kancane kancane. Lezi zifo, ezibalwe yi-CD4 count, zingafaka okulandelayo.
I-CD4 count phakathi kuka-500 kuya ku-250 amaseli / μL:
- I-Candidiasis (kufaka phakathi i-thrush yomlomo kanye nezifo zesisu zesisu )
- I-sarcoma ye-Kaposi (izilonda zesikhumba esine-pink noma purplish ezibangelwa igciwane le-HHV-8)
- I-leukoplakia yezinyosi zomlomo (ezimhlophe, izilonda zomlomo ezinomunyo obangelwa igciwane le-Epstein-Barr)
- I-Herpes zoster (ama-shingles)
- I-Herpes simplex
- I-pneumonia yebhaktheriya (ngokungafani ne-pneumonia egazini)
- Isifo sofuba (noma i-TB, ukutheleleka kwamabhaktheriya emoyeni ngokuvamile kuvinjelwe emaphashini)
I-CD4 count phakathi kuka 250 kuya ku-100 amaseli / μL:
- I-pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (i-PCP, ukutheleleka kwamafayalini emaphaphu)
- Umdlavuza wesifo somlomo wesibeletho
- I-Coccidioidomycosis (ukutheleleka kwe-fungal ye-air-ne-soil, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Valley Fever)
- Isifo sofuba esisodwa (isifo sofuba esivela ngaphandle kwamaphaphu)
- I-Salmonella septicemia (ukuvuvukala komzimba wonke okubangelwa i-salmonella egazini)
- I-esophageal candidiasis (i-thrush ye-esophagus)
Inani le-CD4 phakathi kwama-100 kuya kwangu-50 amaseli / μL:
- I-Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (noma i-NHL; iqembu lama-cancer elivela emangqamuzaneni amhlophe egazi)
- I-Toxoplasmosis (i-protozoan parasite engathinta izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zomzimba)
- I-HIV encephalopathy (eyaziwa ngokuthi i-AIDS dementia complex)
- I-leukoencephalopathy ye-multifocal eqhubekayo (PML; ukutheleleka kwegciwane lobuchopho)
- I-Cryptococcosis (isifo sofuba esingathinta izingxenye ezahlukene zomzimba)
- I-Cystoisoporiasis (ukutheleleka kwama-parasitic emathunjini)
Inani le-CD4 ngaphansi kwamangqamuzana angu-50 / μL:
- I-Cytomegalovirus (i-CMV, i-herpes-uhlobo lwegciwane elingathinta ikoloni noma amehlo)
- I-Mycobacterium avium complex (i-MAC, igciwane lesandulela ngculaza ngokuvamile emaphashini noma emathunjini)
- I-Histoplasmosis (isifo sofuba ngokuvamile emaphashini)
- I-CNS lymphoma eyinhloko (umdlavuza ophazamisa isimiso sezinzwa)
- I-HIV yokuchitha i-syndrome (okungaqondakali, okujulile ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo okuhambisana nobuthakathaka nohudo oluphikelela)
Okubalulekile
Izimpawu-noma ukuntuleka kwezimpawu-zibonisa ukuthi ukutheleleka nge-HIV kwenzeka. Uma usola ukuthi ngabe usulelekile, uye esibhedlela esiseduze, emtholampilo noma uhambe-enkabeni yokuhlola i-HIV.
Ngokuhlolisisa kusenesikhathi nokusebenzisa ukwelashwa kwe-HIV ekuxilongweni , abantu abanesandulela ngculaza banganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokugula okuhlobene ne-HIV ngenkathi kukwandisa amathuba okujwayelekile okuhlala esikhathini esivamile .
> Imithombo:
Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo (CDC). "1993 Uhlelo Oluhlelwe Ukuhlelwa Kwesandulela-ngculazi kanye neKhuliswa Kwengqungquthela Yokubhekwa Kwengculaza Phakathi Kwabantwana Abasha kanye Nabantu abadala." Ukufa nokubika kweMonto onke. Ngo-December 18, 1992; 41 (RR-17).
UMnyango wezeMpilo kanye nezinsizakalo zabasebenzi (DHHS). "Imihlahlandlela yokusetshenziswa kwama-Antiretroviral Agents ku-HIV-1-Adult Ad s and Adolescents." I-Rockville, e-Maryland.
I-INSIGHT START Study Group. Ukuqala Ukwelashwa Kwe-Antiretroviral In-Early Infection HIV Infection. "I- New England Journal of Medicine .