Isikhumba sibangelwa igciwane le-variola futhi asibonakali ngokwemvelo noma kuphi emhlabeni kusukela ngo-1977. Eqinisweni, abahlinzeki abaningi bezempilo abaphila namuhla abazange babone icala langempela le-ingulube emuntwini. Ukuxilongwa kungenzeka kube nzima, ikakhulukazi ngoba noma yimuphi udokotela obona icala lokuqala le-ingulube kufanele acabange inkukhupula ekuqaleni.
Ukuhlolwa kwezimpawu kanye nokuhlolwa kwegazi kuzosiza ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.
Isikhumba nge-Chickenpox
Isikhumba, njengamanye ama-poxvirus, unezilonda ezingakwazi ukumboza umzimba wonke. Odokotela ngeke baqale ukuxilonga i-smallpox kuze kube yilapho izilonda zibonakala. Ngaleso sikhathi, abahlinzeki bezempilo bazozama ukuthola umlando wesifo ngaphambi kokuvela kwezilonda.
Ukuze unqume umehluko phakathi kwe-chickenpox ne-chickenpox, umhlinzeki wezempilo uzobheka ukubunjwa kwezilonda njengesibonakaliso esibaluleke kakhulu.
- Isikhumba: Izilonda zinzima futhi zichazwe kahle. Zonke izilonda zizokhula ngesilinganiso esifanayo futhi zizofana nokubunjwa nokuqina kwazo. Ngesinye isikhathi, izilonda ziyoba ne-indentation encane emqhele wabo, owaziwa ngokuthi isakhi semvelo. Izilonda zezinambuzane zivame ukufika ngaphambi kwezinsuku ezilodwa kuya kwezine ngomkhuhlane wama-degrees angaphezu kuka-101. Izilonda zizosakazwa ezandleni nasebusweni futhi zivele ezintendeni nasezinhlakeni ezinyaweni.
- I-Chickenpox: Izilonda azichazwanga kahle futhi zizoba ngezigaba ezahlukene zokuthuthukiswa. Azinzima futhi kuzosusa kalula. Ngeke kube khona umkhuhlane ngaphambi kokuqala kwezilonda. Izilonda kungenzeka zivele kuqala ku-torso kunokuba izikhali nobuso. Ngeke abonakale ezintendeni noma emanzini ezinyawo.
Uma wena noma othile emndenini wakho eba nezilonda ezibonakala ziyi-inkukhu noma isikhukhumba, bheka umhlinzeki wezempilo. Ayikho ukwelashwa ekhaya nganoma isiphi isimo nesibhukela, nakuba kungenakwenzeka kakhulu, kungaba yisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha.
Minor vs. Major Smallpox
Ukubona kahle i-ingulube, kubalulekile ukuqonda umehluko esihlokweni esiphakathi kwezifo ezinezinkinga ezinkulu ezincane nezincane. I-smallpox enkulu inesilinganiso sokufa kwabantu abangaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-30 ngenkathi isikhukhumba encane sinesifo samaphesenti angama-1.
- Isikhumba esikhulu sibonakala ngezinsuku ezingu-1 kuya kwezingu-4 zomkhuhlane we-degrees 101 noma ngaphezulu ngaphambi kokuqala kwezilonda. Izilonda zizohlala zijulile futhi zikhuni, mhlawumbe ngokucindezeleka emgqeni. Zonke izilonda ziyoba isiteji esifanayo sokuthuthukiswa futhi zizosakazwa kuwo wonke umzimba, mhlawumbe zibe yinkimbinkimbi, okusho ukuthi zibekwe eduze kakhulu ngaphandle kwesikhumba esicacile phakathi. Izilonda zezinambuzane ezithintekayo ebusweni zinezinga eliphezulu lokushona kunanoma yikuphi ukungqubuzana. Izilonda zezinambuzane ezithinta isiqu futhi ubuso bubuningi bokufa.
- I-smallpox encane ayikwazi ukuba nomkhuhlane ngaphambi kokuqala kwezilonda. Izilonda kungenzeka ukuthi zivele zivele ezandleni, ubuso, izintende, izinyawo ezinyaweni nasemlonyeni. Njenge-ingulube enkulu (futhi ngokungafani ne-chickenpox) izilonda ziyoba nzima futhi zizungeze. Izilonda zikhula ngezigaba ezifanayo kodwa zithuthuka kancane kunesikhathi sezinambuzane ezinkulu, zihamba phakathi kwezigaba (i-discoloration, iphakanyiswe i-pimple, i-blister enzima) ngesilinganiso sezinsuku ezimbili noma ezimbili ngesigaba ngasinye. Isiguli se-smallpox encane cishe sizobonakala singenalutho futhi asinamandla (okungafani).
Abahlinzeki bezempilo bafuna noma yiziphi izimpawu zesipuniki esikhulu noma okungenani izibonakaliso ezine ze-smallpox encane ukuze kube nokusola okuphezulu kwebholakisi njengoba kutholakala.
Uma isiguli sikholelwa ukuthi sinesibindi sezinambuzane, udokotela angase alawule ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngegciwane le-variola. Uma ukuhlolwa kulungile, i-ingulube izoqinisekiswa. Uma ukuhlolwa kungalungile, isibungu sezinambuzane asikona ukuxilongwa.
Ukuhlonza okuhlukile
Amanye ama-poxvirus angalingisa indlela i-ingulube ebukeka ngayo kodwa ayibulali kakhulu kunesikhukhumba. Ezinye zazo zihlobene eduze ne-variola virus.
I-Orthopoxviruses
Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-zoonotic (ezithinta izilwane nabantu) izinguqulo ze-orthopoxvirus, umndeni wegciwane elifaka i-variola, okuyimbangela ye-ingulube.
Lezi zivame ukubukeka njenge-ingulube futhi zingafana. Ezinye zingaba sína.
- I-Cowpox ithinta zonke izinkomo nabantu. Ngaphambi kokugoma emitholampilo (okuvela egameni lesiLatin kwenkomo) kwakusakazekile, abalimi babezoqala inoculation of variola ngokusebenzisa ukuvezwa kwenkomo.
- I-vaccinia ingenye igciwane elichaphazela izinkomo futhi liyigciwane lesisekelo somgomo wokugoma.
- I-monkeypox yiyona ehlobene kakhulu ne-ingulube futhi isengokwemvelo ithinta abantu kwezinye izizwe zase-Afrika. Unesilinganiso sokufa samaphesenti angu-1 kuya kwangu-8.
- I-camelpox ithinta amakamela futhi ingawela kubantu.
- I-Buffalopox isondelene kakhulu ne-vaccinia futhi ijwayelekile eNdiya.
Ngenxa yokuthi ukugoma kwe-antipoxide kwavalwa ngo-1980, abantu abaye balahlekelwa yisifo sokuzivikela hhayi nje kwe-ingulube kuphela kodwa nakwezinye eziningi zalezi poxvirus ze-zoonotic.
I-Varicella ne-Herpes-Zoster
I-chickenpox ngokuyinhloko isifo somntwana kusuka ku-varicella-zoster virus. Izingane azivame ukuba nomkhuhlane noma ezinye izibonakaliso nezimpawu ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izilonda ezinzima. Njengoba kuboniswe ngenhla, izilonda zezinkukhu aziqine kakhulu kunelezo ze-ingulube futhi cishe akunakwenzeka ukuba zivele ezintendeni noma ezinyaweni ezinyaweni.
Amagciwane (herpes-zoster) yisifo esivela esivela ku-virus efanayo ye-varicella futhi ivela ikakhulu kuziguli ezindala. Izilonda ze-shingles zilandela izindlela ezinamandla futhi zihlale zihlangothini olulodwa lomzimba (unilateral).
> Imithombo:
> Cann, J., Jahrling, P., Hensley, L., & Wahl-Jensen, V. (2013). Ukuqhathaniswa Kwemvelo Ye-Isikhumba Ne-Monkeypox ku-Man and Macaques. I-Journal Ye-Pathology Yokufanisa , 148 (1), 6-21. doi: 10.1016 / j.jcpa.2012.06.007
> Damon, I., Damaso, C., & McFadden, G. (2014). Ingabe Sikhona Kukhona? I-Agenda Yokuhlola I-Smallpox Ngokusebenzisa i-Variola Virus. Plos Pathogens , 10 (5), e1004108. i-doi: 10.1371 / iphephandaba.ppat.1004108
> Z. Jezek, J. (1987). Isikhumba ne-post-eradication surveillance. I-Bulletin Ye-World Health Organization , 65 (4), 425.
> Ibhuloho esikhathini sokuqedwa kokuthunyelwa. WHO Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2016 Meyi 20; 91 (20): 257-64. IsiNgisi, isiFulentshi.
> Shchelkunova, GA, & Shchelkunov, SN (2017). Iminyaka engu-40 ngaphandle kwesibhokotshi. I-Acta Naturae , 9 (4), 4-12.
> Shchelkunov, S. (2013). Ingozi Ekhulayo Yezifo Ezibangelwa I-Zoonotic Orthopoxvirus. I-Plos Pathogens , 9 (12), e1003756. i-doi: 10.1371 / iphephandaba.ppat.1003756