Ukubona ingxabano kungaba yinkinga. Nakuba noma yikuphi ukuhlukunyezwa kwekhanda okungabangela eyodwa, izingxoxo ezivame kakhulu-lezo ezibangelwa ukulimala kancinci-azibandakanyi ukuphaphazeka okubonakalayo noma ukulimaza ebuchosheni.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukusebenzisa inqubo yokucubungula ubuchopho njengemifanekiso ye-resonance magnetic (i-MRI) noma i-computed tomography (CT), eyenziwa ukuxilonga ukulimala okukhulu kobuchopho (TBI), akuyona indlela ephumelelayo yokuxilonga ingxabano.
Njengoba ukuhlolwa kobuchopho kungabonakala ukuphazamiseka noma ukuphaphaza ebuchosheni, kodwa hhayi ukulimala kwamangqamuzana okucatshangelwa ukuthi kubangele izimpawu zokungqubuzana, odokotela kufanele bathembele ekuhloleni ngokucophelela kwezimpawu kanye nomsebenzi we-neuropsychological.
Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kwenziwa endaweni, ngokushesha ngemuva kokulimala, lapho umdlali ehlushwa noma ekhanda ekhanda futhi isinqumo kufanele senziwe masinyane mayelana nokuthi angabuyela ngokuphepha emdlalweni.
Ukuhlolwa kokuphetha
Izimpawu zengxabano zingahluka kakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi kuyinto ecacile ukuthi umuntu angaba neyodwa. Kodwa njengoba nje izimpawu zingavamile futhi zicashile. Umuntu angase abe nomuzwa wokuthi "ulahlekile" noma sengathi "akayitholi" izinto. Kunoma yikuphi, ukuthola ukuxilongwa okucacile kwengxabano ngokuvamile kudinga ukubuka izici eziningana.
Ngenxa yokuthi asikho ukuhlolwa okulula kokuthola isingeniso, ngokuvamile izinyathelo eziningana zihilelekile. Isikhungo se-Weill Cornell Brain and Spine, isibonelo, siyinciphisa kulawa:
- Ukuhlola izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-amnesia. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-retrograde i-amnesia, ekhomba ukungabikho kwememori ngalokho okwenzeke ngaphambi kokuba kuvele ukulimala kwengqondo, ukulahlekelwa kwengqondo, kanye ne-amnesia emva kokudabuka. I-amnesia elandela ukuthukuthela ibaluleke kakhulu ngoba izokutshela udokotela ngolwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nokubikezelwa kwesiguli.
- Ukunqunywa kobunzima bezimpawu nokuthi ziningi kangakanani. Ngokuvamile lokhu kuyingxenye yokuhlolwa kwesayithi yomdlali olimale ensimini, esebenzisa isikali esilinganiselwe. Okuvame kakhulu kulawa, iThuluzi lokuHlola lokuCubungula i-Sideline, noma i-SCAT-2, ubuka izimpawu, ukunakwa, inkumbulo; izenzakalo zamuva kumdlalo noma umcimbi; futhi uhlola izinkinga ngokulinganisela nokuxhumanisa.
- Ukuhlolwa kwezimpawu ze-neurological. Lokhu kungafaka ukuvivinya kwamandla, ukuzwa, ukucabanga, ukusebenzisana nezinye izinto zokusebenza ze-neurological.
Ukuhlolwa kokuPhambi kokuCubungula
Ngaphandle kokuthola ukuxilongwa kokuqala ngesikhathi sokulimala, kubalulekile kubantu abazohlanganyela kulo msebenzi-ikakhulukazi abadlali-abadlali abafuna ukuhlanganyela emdlalweni weqembu elibambe iqhaza elifana nebhola le-football-ukuhlolwa kokuqala kokuncintisana . Eqinisweni, lokhu ngokuvamile kuyimfuneko yezikole eziphakeme, amakolishi, namaqembu okuhamba ngokuncintisana kakhulu.
Isizathu esiyinhloko umgijimi udinga ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokuncintisana ukuthi abantu abaphilile abenzi kahle ngokufanayo ekuhlolweni okulinganisa amakhono afana nokusheshisa, ukunemba, nokunyakaza kwamehlo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukusebenza ekuvivinyweni kokuthunyelwa komzimba akusho ukuthi "kuhle" noma "okubi" kwedwa, kodwa kufanele kususelwe ukuthi noma ngabe kukhona ukwehla okuphawulekayo uma kuqhathaniswa nesisekelo esasethelwe ngaphambi kokulimala kwentloko .
Uma umdlali wezemidlalo ephethe impendulo encane noma ngokunemba okuncane ekuvivinyweni kokuthunyelwa ngemuva kokulimala kwekhanda, khona-ke amaphuzu aphansi angase abe uphawu lwempikiswano. Kanye nokuhlolwa kwezinzwa kanye nezimpawu eziningi ezifana nokulala, ubuhlungu, noma inkathazo ekugxilwe kuyo, imiphumela yokuhlolwa kokulandelana kungasetshenziselwa ukusiza ukuthi ngabe umgijimi uhluphekile yini.
Ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokuncintisana kufaka phakathi isethi yezivivinyo ze-neuropsychological ezenzelwe ukuhlola nokushaya umdlali osemusha kumakhono afaka izici eziningana zomsebenzi wakhe wengqondo. Izivivinyo zangaphambi kokuncintisana zihlanganisa imisebenzi ehlola ukuxazulula izinkinga, isikhathi sokuphendula, isivinini, umbono, nokuxhumana.
Ayikho ithuluzi lokuhlola lokuhlola ngaphambi kokuncintisana legolide elidingwa yinhlangano ehloniphekile yezokwelapha noma yezemidlalo. Kunezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokwenza amaphuzu angaphambi kokuncintisana, kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa komtholampilo kumuntu noma i-questionnaire esethiwe ngaphambilini. Kukhona futhi ukuhlolwa kwamakhono atholakalayo emakethe engasetshenziswa ukusetha amaphuzu ayisisekelo kumdlali ngaphambi kokuba isizini siqale.
Izivivinyo zangaphambi kokuncintisana zingase zibekwe yikhompuyutha noma ochwepheshe bezokwelapha, kuye ngohlobo lokuhlolwa kanye nemithetho yeligi noma isikole. Imiphumela yokuqala ibhaliwe futhi igcinwa ukuze uma umgijimi ehlushwa isingeniso esicatshangelwayo, angathatha ukuhlolwa okuphindaphindiwe ukuqhathanisa.
Isibonelo sokuhlolwa kwe-computer senziwe ngabacwaningi eNyuvesi ye-Sports Medicine Center eNyuvesi yasePittsburgh futhi ibizwa ngokuthi i-Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment kanye nohlelo lokuhlola ukuCognitive, noma i-ImPACT. Lokhu kuhlola kunquma inkumbulo yomgijimi, isikhathi sokuphendula, kanye nesivinini sokucubungula ukuze kusize ukuthi umgijimi angabuyela ngokuphephile emidlalweni ngemuva kokulimala kwekhanda. Uhlelo lwe-ImPACT okwamanje lisetshenziselwa ezikoleni eziningi eziphakeme kanye namakolishi, kanye ne-National Football League ne-National Hockey League.
> Imithombo:
> Hall E, uCottle J, Ketcham C, Patel K, noB Barnes KP. "Ukucubungula okuyisisekelo sokuqhathaniswa: Izimo eziPreexisting, Izimpawu, nokusebenza kwe-Neurocognitive, J Athl Train . Jan 10, 2017. INGABE: 10.4085 / 1062-6050-51.12.21
> UThomas, RE, Alves, J, Vaska, MM, noMagalhaes, R. "SCAT2 kanye ne-SCAT3 Izikolo ezisezingeni eliyisisekelo futhi ngemuva kokulimala / ukucubungula kwezemidlalo ezibucayi ezihambisana nokudlala." BMJ Open Sport & Exer Med . 2016; 2 : e000095. I-DOI: 10.1136 / bmjm-2015-000095.
> I-Weill Cornell Brain ne-Spine Center. "Ukuqaphela Nokuphatha Ingxabano." Nov 2014.