Ingabe Medicare izoba khona lapho udinga it?
I-Medicare ingase ibe enkingeni. Ngokusho kwemibiko yango-2016, i-Medicare Trust Fund izokhipha izimali ngo-2028, eminyakeni emibili ngaphambili kunezingqinamba ezenziwa ngo-2015. Ingabe lokhu kuzoshiya abaseMelika ngaphandle kokunakekelwa kwezempilo njengoba bekhula?
Indlela Ikhwama Ye-Medicare Trust Esebenza ngayo
I-Medicare Hospital Insurance Trust Fund isekela i- Medicare Part A. Le ngxenye ye-Medicare ikhokhela ukunakekelwa kwezibhedlela ezingelapheki kanye nokunakekelwa esibhedlela.
Kulabo abakhishwa esibhedlela, kuhlanganisa nokuhlala isikhathi esifushane ezindaweni zokuhlengikaza abanekhono noma, njengenye indlela abantu abakhetha ukungayi esikhungweni, izinsizakalo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ekhaya.
Abaningi baseMelika abakhokhi imali yokuqala yenyanga yeNgxenye A, nakuba bazokhokha amadokhumenti, ukuqinisekiswa kwemali, nokukhokhwa kwemali yezinsizakalo ezinikeziwe. Amaphrimiyamu akhululekile kubantu abanikele ngemikhakha engu-40 (iminyaka engu-10) noma ngaphezulu emithethweni yokukhokhela i-Medicare ngaphezu kokuphila kwabo konke. Sebevele bakhokhele ukwabelana kwabo okuhle ohlelweni, futhi umsebenzi wabo onzima ngisho nokuthola ukukhokhelwa okungekho sikhokhelo kwabashade nabo.
Abantu abaye basebenzela ngaphansi kwezingxenye ezingu-40, ngakolunye uhlangothi, bazokhokhiswa i-premium yenyanga futhi lawo madola ayengeza ngokushesha. Ingxenye ye-A premium yabantu abasebenza phakathi kwamakamelo angu-30 no-39 yi $ 226 ngenyanga ($ 3,192 ngonyaka) ngo-2016. Kwalabo abasebenza ngaphansi kwezingxenye ezingamashumi amathathu, izindleko zanda ku-$ 411 ngenyanga ($ 4,932 ngonyaka).
Imali eqoqwe intela kanye nama-premium yakha i-Medicare Trust Fund. Lezi zindleko zingenakwanele ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zomphakathi okhulayo waseMedare ngo-2029.
Umthelela Wama-Baby Boomers asebekhulile
I-United States Census Bureau yabika ukuzalwa kwezigidi ezingu-72.5 phakathi kuka-1946 no-1964, okuthiwa i-baby boom.
Yiqiniso, inani labantwana boomers lizoba njalo ekuziphendukeleni kwemvelo. Cabanga ukuthi akuwona wonke ama-boomers wezingane azophila iminyaka engu-65 ubudala nokuthi "ama-boomers" amasha kule nkathi yobudala ayofika ezweni ngendlela yokufuduka. Kuzo zonke izici ezicutshangwayo, kulinganiselwa ukuthi abantu abangu-8 000 kuya ku-10 000 baseMelika baphendukela eminyakeni engama-65 ubudala nsuku zonke futhi bazokwenza kanjalo ngo-2029. Ngo-2029, kulindeleke ukuba abantu abangamaphesenti angu-20 abantu base-US bafaneleke ku-Medicare.
Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi izinkulungwane zabantu zifinyelela eminyakeni yobudala nsuku zonke kodwa isikhathi sokuphila siyakhula. I-Social Security Administration iphawula isikhathi sokuphila kweminyaka engu-84.3 no-86.6 yamadoda nabesifazane, ngokulandelana. Njengoba abantu bephila isikhathi eside, baningi amathuba okuthuthukisa izinkinga zezokwelapha. Ngaphezu kwengxenye yesithathu yabantu abaneminyaka engama-65 no-84 ubudala banemibandela yezokwelapha okungapheli emibili kuya kwezintathu. Ingaphezulu kwengxenye yesine yazo izoba nezine kuya kwemihlanu.
Abantu abaningi abahlala isikhathi eside kusho izinkinga zezokwelapha eziningi nezindleko eziphakeme. Ingabe i-Medicare Trust Fund izokwazi ukuqhubeka?
Izindleko zezimo ezingapheli zokugula
Njengoba inani lempilo engapheli likhuphuka, amaCenter for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) abika ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwemithombo yezokwelapha, kuhlanganise nokuvakashelwa kwegumbi lokuphuthumayo, ukuvakashelwa kwehhovisi likadokotela, ukuvakashelwa kwezempilo ekhaya, ukuvakasha kweziguli ezingakapheli, ukufundwa kwezibhedlela, nokubhala okubalulekile izinsizakalo zokunakekela ezifana nokuvuselelwa kanye nokwelapha ngokomzimba .
Ngokwesilinganiso, i-Medicare Part A isebenzisa cishe u-$ 13,000 ngomuntu ngamunye kodwa izindleko zingaba zikhulu nakakhulu kubazuzi. Abahlomuli beMedarela bangakhokha imali engama-$ 5,700 ngaphandle kwe-pocket ngonyaka uma benemibandela emibili kuya kweyithathu. Leli nani liphindwe kabili kuya ku-$ 12,000 ngezimo ezine kuya kwezinguhlanu futhi likhuphukela ku-$ 32,000 ngezimo eziyisithupha noma ngaphezulu.
Ukubambisana, lezi zici zizokwehlisa i-Medicare Trust Fund ngesilinganiso esingalingani namadola angena kuzo. Uma ngabe iMedricare ilahlekelwe yimali, izakhamuzi eziphakeme zizokwazi kanjani ukukhokhela ukunakekelwa kwezempilo uma sezivele zinezinyathelo zokukhokha imali?
Iziphakamiso Zokulondoloza Medicare
Uma i-Medicare izokhathalela abadala baseMelika ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuzodingeka okuthile kuguquke.
Imibono yokuthi ungayifeza kanjani lokhu iye yaphikisana futhi ifakiwe okulandelayo:
- Nciphisa ukuthi uMedarela ukhokha kanjani odokotela nezibhedlela. Ukuthola ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kuyinkinga enkulu ngalesi siphakamiso. Odokotela abambalwa bangayamukela yini iMedarele uma bekholelwa ukuthi ngeke bahlawuliswe kahle? Njengoba sekume, sekukhona kakade ukwelashwa okudlulele odokotela ngenxa yezimali ezingenamkhawulo zeMedare ukusekela ukuqeqeshwa kwadokotela.
- Nciphisa izinzuzo ze-Medicare. Akekho ofuna ukukhokha imali efanayo ngokuncane. Njengoba ikhona, abantu abaningi bathi uM Medicare awufihli ngokwanele . Isibonelo, i-Medicare ayihlanganisi izindleko zokulungisa amalensi , amazinyo, noma izinsiza zokuzwa nakuba izinto ezivame kakhulu ezenzeka lapho sisebudala ziyishintsha embonweni, impilo yamazinyo, nokuzwa. Lokhu kushiya abaningi baseMelika ngaphandle kwezinsizakalo zezempilo eziyisisekelo abadinga.
- Ukwandisa iminyaka yokufaneleka kwe-Medicare. AmaRephablikhi njengoSenenja uPaul Ryan ayehlongoze ukwandisa iminyaka engu-Medicare iminyaka engama-67. Nakuba lokhu kunganciphisa inani labantu abafanelekayo kuMedare noma kunoma yimuphi unyaka onikeziwe, lokhu kuzobeka umthwalo kubantu abadala ukuze bakhokhele izinhlelo eziphezulu eziphezulu zomshuwalense wangasese. Lokhu kungathinta ukugcinwa komuntu siqu kodwa uma abadala bekwazi ukukhokhela umhlalaphansi.
- Ukwandisa izindleko ezingaphandle kwezindleko zabazuzi. Ukwanda kwama-premium, ama-deductibles, u-coinsurance, noma ama-copayments angakusiza ukuqinisa i-Medicare Trust Fund i-dollar-wise kodwa ingabe abadala bangayithola? Iningi labadala lisezingeni elimisiwe njengoba likhona futhi izindleko zokunakekelwa kwempilo zikhuphuka ngokungahambisani.
- Ukwandisa intela yokukhokhela i-Medicare. Izintela ezingaphezulu? Yilokho uMongameli uRonald Reagan enza nge- Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Act ka-1988 . Umthetho uhlose ukwengeza inzuzo yezidakamizwa kanye nokuvimbela abadala ekudleni izindleko zempilo ngemuva kokubhedlela, kodwa umthetho ususwe phakathi nonyaka ngenxa yokungabi nesekelo lomphakathi kanye nokuxokozela mayelana nokuhambela kwentela ehambisanayo. Ingabe abaseMelika bazozizwa behlukile ngokunyuka kwentela namuhla?
Inkinga ngeziningi zeziphakamiso ukuthi zishintsha izindleko ezingaphezulu kwabasebenzi abadala asebevele behlala emalini engenayo. Njengoba kume, izinzuzo zezokuThuthukiswa koMphakathi ziye zinezakhiwo. Ngaphandle kokwanda kwezindleko zokuhlala (COLA) eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule, abadala base bephoqelelwe ukuba bathulise amadola abo.
Isimemezelo se-CMS sokuthi i-Medicare Trust Fund ingasuswa phakathi kwamashumi eminyaka yisibonakaliso esicacile sokuxwayisa. Abantu aseMelika asebekhulile basengozini enkulu yokulahlekelwa ukufinyelela ekunakekelweni kwezempilo uma bebuthakathaka futhi badinga kakhulu. Manje njengoba sibona ukuthi inkinga isondela ngokushesha, kufanele siyifinyelele kanjani? Kungcono kakhulu, singayilungisa kanjani? Izimpendulo zenzelwe impikiswano kodwa into eyodwa icacile: Ukuguqulwa kwezempilo kumele kudinga ukubekwa phambili kuzwelonke futhi manje.
> Imithombo:
> Amabhodi ama-Trustees e-Federal Hospital Insurance kanye ne-Federal Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Fund. Umbiko wonyaka we-2016 . https://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/Statistics-Trends-and-Reports/ReportsTrustFunds/Downloads/TR2016.pdf. Ishicilelwe ngo-June 22, 2016.
> Izibalo: Ukulindela Ukuphila. Iwebhusayithi yokuPhatha kwezokuThuthukiswa komphakathi https://www.ssa.gov/planners/lifeexpectancy.html.
Imibandela Yesikhathi Esivamile Phakathi Kwabahlomuli BeMedare, Chartbook: Edition ka-2012. Amasevisi we-website ye-Medicare ne-Medicaid Services. https://www.cms.gov/research-statistics-data-and-systems/statistics-trends-and-reports/chronic-conditions/downloads/2012chartbook.pdf.
> Colby SL, u-Ortman JM. I-Baby Boom Cohort e-United States: 2012 kuya ku-2060 . May 2014; P25-1141. https://www.census.gov/prod/2014pubs/p25-1141.pdf.