Ungaphi lapho u-Medicare engakhokhe khona?
I-Medicare ayiyona isitolo esisodwa sokugcina. Ngenkathi ihlanganisa ububanzi bezinsizakalo, kungakushiya ukuba uzibophezele uma kuziwa ezintweni ezithile zokunakekelwa kwezempilo njengoba ukhula. Isibonelo, asimbozi amalensi okulungisa (isb., Amalense okuxhumana noma ama-eyeglass), amazinyo omzimba, izinsiza zokuzwa, noma amathanga amhlophe okwempumputhe . Imithi ethile isuke etafuleni, futhi, ngisho noma une-D yeDakamizwa yezinhlelo zezidakamizwa.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-Medicare ayicabangi lezi zinto ukuba zidinge imithi. Ngeshwa, lokho futhi abangakuboni njengokudingekile kwemithi kungukunakekelwa kokugcinwa nokugcinwa kwekhaya lokuhlala ekhaya .
Kuyini ukunakekelwa kokulondeka?
Ngamehlo amaCenter for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), ukunakekelwa kokugcinwa kokunakekela kuyinakekelo engadingeki yenziwe ngophrofayili onamakhono noma onelayisense njengodokotela, umhlengikazi, noma isazi (isib. , abahlengikazi bezenhlalakahle, kanye nabahlengikazi bezinkulumo). Ukunakekelwa kokugcinwa kwempahla ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa usizo lokugeza, ukuhlanza, ukupheka, ukugqoka, ukuhlanzeka, ngisho nokuhamba noma ukugqugquzela.
Ngeshwa, abaningi asebekhulile emakhaya asebekhulile bakhona ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha. Abakwazi ukuhlala ngokuzimela ngenxa yobungozi be- dementia noma ezinye izimo zezokwelapha, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi abanalo umndeni noma abathandekayo abangabasekela.
Ngokombiko we-Vital Health Statistics ka-2016, uMnyango wezeMpilo waseHulumeni wase-United States (HHS), iningi labantu emakhaya asebekhulile ludinga ukunakekelwa.
Amaphesenti abantu abadinga usizo abanzi:
- Ukugeza - amaphesenti angu-96.4
- Ukugqoka - amaphesenti angu-91.8
- Ukudla - amaphesenti angu-58.0
- Ukuhlanza - amaphesenti angu-87.9
- Ukudluliselwa noma ukuphuma embhedeni - amaphesenti angu-85.2
- Ukuhamba - amaphesenti angu-90.7
Isidingo Esinyukayo sokunakekela ekhaya ekhaya
Ngokombiko ofanayo weHHS, kwakukhona imibhede yasekhaya yokuhlengikaza enezikhwama ezinezigidi ezingu-1.7 ezitholakalayo ngo-2014 kanye nezigidi ezingu-1.4 ezihlala isikhathi eside kulezo zibhebhe.
Uma bebheka, amaphesenti angu-16.1 alabo bahlali babephakathi kweminyaka engama-65 no-74 ubudala, ama-27.2% aphakathi kweminyaka engu-75 no-84 ubudala, kanti amaphesenti angu-41.6 aneminyaka engu-85 nangaphezulu.
Kucatshangwa ukuthi ama-baby boomers angu-10 000 azoba ngu-65 nsuku zonke ngo-2030, futhi enenhlanhla kubo, isikhathi sokuphila sibuye senyuke. Ngonyaka we-2014, iminyaka yokuphila e-US engama-78.8 iminyaka, okwenyuka eminyakeni engu-9.1 kusukela ngo-1960. Inkinga kuphela ukuthi ukuhlala isikhathi eside kunandisa amathuba okuba nezimo eziningi zezokwelapha ezingapheli futhi lokho kungena engozini yokukhula.
Kusukela ngo-2016, izigidi ezingu-54 zaseMelika zitholakala ukuthi zinezifo ze- Alzheimer's and the number is projected to increase to 5.8 million by 2020 kanye 8.4 million ngo 2030. Empeleni, isifo Alzheimer kanye nokushaya komqondo kakade akhawunti amaphesenti angaphezu kwangu-50 bonke abahlengikazi ukuvuma ekhaya.
Uma ucabanga ngalezi zici, abadala asebekhulile bayodinga ukunakekelwa kwekhaya lokunakekelwa kwesikhashana esikhathini esizayo.
Izindleko Zangempela Zokunakekelwa Kwekhaya Lokuhlengikazi
Ukunakekelwa kwekhaya lokuhlengikaza akusho eshibhile. Izindleko ezijwayelekile zenyanga ngenyanga e-United States for igumbi okwabelwana ngu $ 6,692 ngenyanga. Ikamelo elizimele, lingu-$ 7,604 ngenyanga.
Ikhaya elilinganayo labahlengikazi libiza u-$ 80,304 ohlala endaweni yokuhlanganyela okwabelwana ngayo kanye no-$ 91,248 ekamelweni elizimele.
Lezo zinombolo zingashintsha ngokuya lapho uhlala khona. Izindawo ezinhlanu ezibiza kakhulu ziyi-Alaska, Connecticut, eMassachusetts, eNew York naseHawaii, ngaleyo ndlela, namanye amakhaya asebehlengikazi e-Alaska abiza imali engaba ngu-$ 23,451 ngenyanga!
Izindleko ezincane kakhulu zokunakekelwa kwezingane zasemakhaya ziyi-Oklahoma, eMissouri, eLouisana, eKansas nase-Arkansas, ngamanani ajwayelekile ngenyanga ngenyanga engu-$ 5,000.
Ukubeka lokhu ngombono, ukukhokha okujwayelekile kwezinzuzo zomhlalaphansi ku-Disemba 2016 kwakuyizigidi ezingu-1,360.13 ngenyanga ngenani elikhulu eliyizigidi ezingu-16,321.56 ngonyaka.
Ngokusekelwe kulezi zinombolo, akumangazi ukuthi bambalwa abantu abangakhokha ukunakekelwa kwezingane ekhaya.
Bangaphi lapho abantu bephendukela khona ukuze bathole ukunakekelwa kokunakekela ekhaya? Yiziphi izinketho zakho?
Ukwelashwa Kwemithi Yokunakekelwa Kwekhaya Lokuhlengikazi
Akusiwo ukuthi i-Medicare ayikhokhisi ukunakekelwa kwekhaya lokunakekela izingane. It ukhokha ezinye, kodwa kuphela uma usanda kuyiwe esibhedlela futhi kuphela uma udinga nokunakekelwa abanekhono okungenani izinsuku ezinhlanu ngesonto.
Akudingeki nje ukuthi ubekwe esibhedlela ukuze ufanelekele le ngxenye ye- Medicare Part A , kodwa udinga ukuvunyelwa njengesifo esibhedlela okungenani izinsuku ezintathu. Ngokudabukisayo, usuku oludluliselwa kuyo indawo yokuhlengikaza abanamakhono alubala, futhi ngisho nangokwedlulele nakakhulu ukuthi i-CMS ichaza kanjani ukunakekelwa kweziguli.
Lezi zinsuku ungahlala ubusuku esibhedlela, kepha lokho akusho ukuthi unesifo sengqondo. Ngenxa yomthetho oshicilelwe ngo-Okthoba 2013, owaziwa ngokuthi yi- Two-Midnight Rule , ungacatshangwa ukuthi unakekelwa iziguli (ukunakekelwa kwe-Medicare Part A) uma ukuhlala kwakho kulindeleke ukuthi kuhlale isikhathi eside kunezinyanga ezimbili futhi uma izinga lakho lokunakekelwa kubhekwa njengokudinga imithi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi awukwazi ukuhlala esibhedlela uthola ukunakekelwa okungasetshenziswa kalula kalula kwenye indawo.
Uma kungenjalo, uzobekwa ngaphansi kokubheka, ukunakekelwa okuhlanganiswe yi- Medicare Part B.
Uma kwenzeka uthola imvume yokunakekelwa kwabahlengikazi abanekhono, i-Medicare Part A ihlanganisa izinsuku zokuqala ezingu-20 kuwe. Ngezinsuku ezingu-21 kuya kwezingu-100, uzokhokha u- $ 164.50 ngosuku ngo-2017. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-100, uwedwa.
Ukuxilongwa Kwemithi Yokunakekelwa Kwekhaya Lokuhlengikazi
I-Medicare inikeza kuphela ukunakekelwa kwesikhashana sokunakekelwa ekhaya. Yingakho abantu abaningi bephendukela eMedicaid . Ngokombiko we-Vital Health Statistics ka-2016, izakhamuzi ezingu-62.9 ezihlala emakhaya asebekhulile basebenzisa iMedicaid njengomthombo wabo wokukhokha.
Akuwona wonke umuntu ofanelekayo we-Medicaid. Ukufaneleka kufana nezingane, abesifazane abakhulelwe, kanye nabanye abadala. Izizwe ezandisa i-Medicaid ngaphansi koMthetho Wokunakekelwa Okunganakekelwayo zivulekele ukufaneleka kubantu abangabodwa abangenazo izingane, kanti ezinye izifunda zingase zingabandakanyi labo bantu kusuka ekubukeni.
Futhi, lolu hlelo luhloselwe abantu abanomholo ophansi. Ngisho noma ucabanga ngakho, abambalwa abadala bazothola imali eningi emva kokuba baqale ukukhokhela ukunakekelwa kwekhaya lokuhlala isikhathi eside.
Ngokwezidingo zayo zezezimali, i-Medicaid inquma ukufaneleka ngokusekelwe imali engenayo yenyanga kanye namafa akho. Lezi zimpahla zihlanganisa imali, ama-akhawunti asebhange, izimoto (ngaphandle kwemoto yakho eyinhloko), izibopho, inani lemali elidlula u-$ 2,000, inani lokunikezela ngemali yomshuwalense wokuphila (kusebenza "empilweni yonke" nezinqubomgomo "zokuphila kwendawo yonke," hhayi izinqubomgomo zokuphila zesikhathi) , I-Keogh izinhlelo, i-IRAs, izimali zemakethe yemali, izimali zomphakathi, izimali zempesheni, ingcebo yezindlu (ngaphandle kokuhlala kwakho okuyisisekelo kuze kufike inani elithile kuye ngokuthi isimo), amasheya, kanye nokukhethwa kwamasheya.
Isimo ngasinye sibeka umgwamanda wayo wezezimali wokufaneleka, kepha uhulumeni wesifunda ubeka isidingo esincane esimweni ngasinye. Uzodinga ukubheka izidingo zombuso wakho ukuze ubone ukuthi ufaneleka yini.
Abadala abaningi basebenzisa phansi impahla yabo ukuze bafanelekele iMedicaid. Abanye bazama ukuvikela izimpahla zabo ngokuzidlulisela emndenini nakubathandekayo.
Nokho, qaphela! Noma yikuphi ukudluliselwa kwezimpahla zingakapheli izinyanga ezingu-60 zohlelo lwakho lwe-Medicaid kuzocatshangelwa. Ukudluliswa okwenzeka phakathi nalesi sikhathi sokubukeka kungabangela izinhlawulo ezivela eMedicaid, okungenzeka ukubambezele ukukhathazeka kwakho izinyanga izinyanga. Kuzoxhomeka ekutheni imali oyidlulisele futhi nokuthi uhlala kuphi. Kungcono ukukhuluma nommeli womthetho omdala ukuxoxa ngezinketho zakho ngaphambi kokuba uhlele noma yikuphi ukudluliselwa.
Ukuzimela Kwangasese Ukunakekelwa Kwekhaya Lokuhlengikazi
Kungenzeka ukuthenga umshuwalense wesikhathi eside (LTC) ukusiza ukukhokhela ukunakekelwa kwezingane ekhaya. Lezi zinhlelo zomshuwalense zikhokhela amaphesenti angu-5 ezokuvakasha ekhaya ekhaya lase-United States.
Umshwalense we-LTC ungasiza uma unesidingo sokunakekelwa, kodwa ama-premium avame ukuba abizayo futhi aphume ebangeni kubantu abaningi. Lezi zinkokhelo zivame ukuphakama okhulile owawuthola, ikakhulukazi uma impilo yakho iyancipha. Abantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65 ubudala futhi abanenkinga yezokwelapha ezingapheli bangabona amaphrimiyamu nyangazonke ezinkulungwaneni zamaRandi.
Ikhamphani yomshuwalense ingakuphika ukufakwa ngokusekelwe ezimweni zangaphambili .
Umshuwalense wokunakekelwa kwesikhashana wesikhathi eside usebenza ngalendlela: Ukhokha izinkokhelo zenyanga zonke, futhi uma unomcimbi oshukumisayo, okungukuthi, into edinga ukunakekelwa ekhaya noma ukunakekelwa kwempilo yesikhathi eside ekhaya, uqala ukuthola izinkokhelo zomshuwalense. Lezo zinkokhelo zingafakwa kulabo abasebenza ngokucophelela, kodwa inani lalezo zikhokhwa lizosekelwa ohlelweni lwakho lomshwalense we-LTC. Bangase bangakwazi noma bangafihli izindleko ezigcwele zokunakekela, futhi izinkokhelo zingapheli isikhathi esithile kuphela.
Izwi elivela
Namuhla siphila isikhathi eside, futhi ukuphila isikhathi eside kusho ukuhlela ikusasa. Izibalo uzodinga ukunakekelwa kwesikhathi eside eminyakeni yakho ephakeme, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusezindaweni zokusiza, ikhaya labahlengikazi, noma ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ekhaya. Ukuqonda izinketho zakho zokungena kanye nokuthi zingakanani izindleko kuzokusiza wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi ezinganciphisa umthwalo kwabathandekayo bakho.
> Imithombo:
> Isifo Se-Alzheimer's. Izifo ezikhulelwe zokuvimbela kanye nokukhuthazwa kwezempilo, Amasevisi Ewebhusayithi Yokulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. https://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/resources/publications/aag/alzheimers.htm. Ishicilelwe ngo-Okthoba 17, 2016.
> Ukufa nokufa. Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sezibalo Zempilo, Amasevisi Ewebhusayithi Yokulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/deaths.htm. Ishicilelwe ngo-Mashi 17, 2017.
> Harris-Kojetin L, Sengupta M, Park-Lee E, et al. Abahlinzeki bokunakekelwa isikhathi eside nabasebenzisi base-United States: Idatha evela ku-National Study of Careers Long-Term Care, 2013-2014. Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sezibalo Zempilo. Isitatimende sezempilo seVital. 2016; 3 (38): 1-118. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_03/sr03_038.pdf.
> Izindleko Zasekhaya Zokuhlengikaza Izindleko Zombuso. SkilledNursingFacilities.org iwebhusayithi. https://www.skillednursingfacilities.org/resources/nursing-home-costs/.
> Ukunakekelwa kosizo lwezokwelapha abanekhono. Iwebhusayithi ye-Medicare.gov. https://www.medicare.gov/coverage/skilled-nursing-facility-care.html.