Inqubo Eguquguqukayo, uLamina nokuningi. I-Anatomy yomgogodla Yonke Yethu

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Amangqamuzana omgogodla

Ukuxilongwa okubuhlungu ngokuphindaphindiwe kuvame ukufaka igama lezingxenye zomgogodla lapho udokotela wakho akholelwa khona ukuthi ubuhlungu buvela. Lesi sihloko inkambo ye-mini-crash ezisekelweni zamathambo omgogodla, ngokubhekisela kwakho.

Ikholomu lomgogodla lenziwa ngamagama angu-24 e-vertebrae aphuma ku-skull kuya ku-sacrum.

I-sacrum bone - okuyinto ngempela amathambo angu-5 aqala ukuxubha cishe eminyakeni yobudala eyodwa, ne-fusion ephelele cishe engama-30 ubudala - kanye nethambo le-coccyx, igcwalise umgogodla phansi phansi kwekholomu. (I-coccyx igama elinikezwe umsila wakho.)

Ezindaweni ze-thoracic ne-lumbar ngokulandelana, umgogodla uhlangene nezimbambo kanye nekhanda ukuze wenze i-trunk, noma eyinhloko.

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I-Vertebra

Igama elithi 'vertebra' libhekisela kwelinye ithambo lomgogodla. 'I-Vertebrae' yindlela yobuningi begama.

I-vertebra iqukethe umzimba wesigubhu ngaphambili futhi indandatho yebony emuva.

Umzimba we-vertebra iyisisebenzi esine-stacking; Ngamanye amazwi, ikholomu yomgogodla yenziwe ngama-vertebrae angu-24, aphethwe omunye ngaphezulu komunye. Yilokho okunikeza ukusekelwa kwesisindo esiyisisekelo kumgogodla.

Indandatho ye-bony ifakwe ngemuva komzimba we-vertebral; iqukethe izingxenye ezithinta ama-anatomy ahlangene (okungase kube nzima, okusheshayo.) Lezi zingxenye zinikeza nezindawo zemisipha yomgogodla nemigudu yokunamathisela.

Umthambo womgogodla udlula emhubheni omude owenziwe yi-vertebrae eboshelwe phakathi nendawo yomgogodla, okuthiwa umsele wamagogasi. Umgogodla womgogodla wakhiwa ngaphakathi ngaphakathi emasongweni abo bonke ama-vertebrae angu-24 abakha ikholomu.

Amagundane asuka emgqeni womgogodla bese ephuma ngomgogodla ngokusebenzisa izimbobo ezincane ezinhlangothini zamathambo, okuthiwa i-neuralforamina. I-neuralforamina yakhiwa ngamagceke ezinhlangothini ama-vertebrae eseduze ahlanganiswe ndawonye.

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I-Vertebral Bodies ne-Intervertebral Discs

Umzimba we-vertebral yiyona ingxenye enkulu kunazo zonke ezisekela i-vertebra.

Njengoba kukhulunywe ngenhla, umzimba we-vertebral uyisakhiwo esikhulu esizungezile esihlinzeka ukwesekwa kwesisindo ngokusebenzisa ikholomu. I-vertebrae stack phezulu komunye nomunye emzimbeni we-vertebral.

Phakathi kwemizimba ye-vertebral yi- discs intervertebral , okubangela ukunyanyiswa kokushaqeka ngesikhathi sokunyakaza. Benza lokhu ngokusebenza njengomkhumbi ohambayo phakathi kwemizimba ye-vertebrtal .

Izinkinga zikaDiski ezivamile zihlanganisa ukuguqulwa kwe-dis ne-disc herniated. Izinyembezi ezingokomunye kungenye ukulimala okungase kuholele kwi -disc yakhe , kodwa hhayi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngendlela, i-disc intervertebral ivame ukuba yindawo yokuqala emgodleni lapho izinguquko eziphathelene nokuguqulwa komdala (okuyinto enhle kakhulu umuntu ayithola) kwenzeka.

Umzimba we-vertebral uchaza ingxenye yendawo enqenqemeni kwikholomu yomgogodla lapho umgogodla udlula khona. Iphinde ifake ipuleti yokuphela kwe- vertebral , okungaba esinye isayithi sokuguquka kwesigqabha esiphezulu.

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I-Facet Joint

Isihlanganisi se-facet sitholakala endandeni yebony ngemuva kwekholomu yomgogodla.

Yakhiwa yizinqubo (okuyizona ezandiswe kakhulu amathambo) ezivela kumbili ohlangene we-vertebrae eseduze - eyodwa ngenhla nangezansi. Ezingeni ngalinye (elibizwa ngokuthi "ingxenye,") kukhona okuhlangene kwesokudla kwesokunxele. Lokhu kusho ukuthi 4 yalezi zinqubo zibambe iqhaza ekwakheni izihlanganisi zezinhlangothi ezingeni elilodwa, noma ingxenye, yomgogodla. Izinqubo ezakha ihlanganiso lezinhlamvu zibizwa ngokuthi "izinqubo ze-articular."

Isici esivumelanisiwe sokwakhiwa okwakhiwa ngokuhlanganyela kwenza kube ngumdlali oyinhloko wokugcina yonke ikholomu yomgogodla igxile ngesikhathi sokunyakaza.

Ama-facet joints abizwa ngokuthi ama-zygapopseseal. Leli gama elinzima lokumemezela, abantu abaningi, kuhlanganise nabasebenzi, bakhetha igama elithi "inhlanganisela ehlangene."

Izinkinga ngezimbangela zezinhlangothi ziyimbangela evamile kakhulu yobuhlungu emuva futhi ngokuvamile zihlotshaniswa nengculazi yomgogodla kanye / noma izinguquko zokugulisa umgogodla.

Enye inkinga emuva okuthiwa i-spondylolisthesis ivame ukuqala ukuphazamiseka okuncane endaweni engacacile ye-facet eyaziwa ngokuthi i-pars. Ukulimala kokuqala kubizwa ngokuthi i-pars defect; lilethwa ngokunyakaza okuphindaphindiwe komgogodla njengokwenziwe ngabagijimi abasha abaqeqesha ngokujulile. (Abantu asebekhulile, ikakhulukazi labo abakhuluphele ngokweqile basengozini yokukhubazeka.)

Ngakwesokunxele, i-pers defect ingaba yi-spondylosis futhi ekugcineni i-spondylolisthesis, lapho ithambo elilodwa liba khona lihlehliselwe iphuzu lokushiya phambili noma emuva kwethambo eduze kwalo.

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Izinqubo ezizenzekelayo neziphambene

Ngokufanayo nezinqubo ze-articular ezikhulunywe ngenhla, izinqubo ezihamba ngezinkanyezi nezithandanayo ziyizintambo zethambo eliphuma emgqonyeni webony ngemuva komzimba we-vertebral. Izinqubo eziphambene nezinselele zibukeka ezincane ezifana neminwe.

Ku-vertebra ngayinye, kunezinqubo ezimbili eziguquguqukayo kanye nenqubo eyodwa ye-spinous. Inqubo emibili eguquguqukayo ikhona ngakwesokunene kwendandatho, ngenkathi inqubo ye-spinous iphakathi.

Lezi zinqubo zihlinzeka ngamasayithi lapho imizimba emide nezigxobo ezithintekayo zifaka khona.

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I-Pedicle

I- pedicle iwuphawu oluthile lwethambo eliza ngqo ngemuva komzimba we-vertebral. I-pedicle ilele phakathi komzimba we-vertebral nenqubo eguquguqukayo. Kukhona ama-pedicles amabili nge-vertebra, eyodwa ngakwesinye icala.

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I-Lamina

I-lamina yingxenye ye-vertebra ehlanganisa inqubo ye-spinous kanye nenqubo eguquguqukayo. Kukhona ama-laminae amabili, akhiwe nganoma yiluphi uhlangothi lwenqubo ye-spinous. I-lamina ivame ukuba yinkinga yokuhlinzwa ngemuva uma udinga ukukhulula izimpawu ezibangelwa ukucindezelwa ezimpandeni zesisu zomgogodla. Lokhu kungenzeka uma kwenzeka ubuhlungu bomgogodla.

Ukuhlinzwa okuvamile okubizwa ngokuthi i-laminectomy, kodwa kukhona nezinye, futhi.

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Ama-Nerve Emgogodla nekholomu

Uma ubala i-sacrum ne-coccyx, umgogodla uyikholomu ende eguquguqukayo eyenziwe ngamathambo angu-26 axhunyiwe. Izibambo ezisezinhlangothini zekholomu (okuthiwa nge-neuralforamina, okukhulunywe ngenhla) zenziwe ngama-vertebrae e-interfacing; izimpande zenzalo ziphuma kulezi zimbobo, futhi kuye ngokuthi isimo sethefu esiseduze nabo, zingadlala indima ebalulekile phambi noma ukungabikho kobuhlungu emuva.

Izibonelo zezinkinga ezivame ukubuyela emuva ezibandakanya izimpande zomgogodla zihlanganisa i-herniated disc kanye nesisu somgogodla.

Umthambo womgogodla uhamba phakathi komgwaqo ongaphakathi (umgogodla womgogodla, osuvele uhlangene) owenziwe ngamasongo okugonywa kwe-vertebrae.

Izinzwa zomgogodla zivela emthonjeni womgogodla ezingeni ngalinye. Baqala ukufaka izimpande zomgogodla (okukhulunywe ngazo kakade) bese behlukana ngokwengeziwe zibe yizinzwa eziya kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba ukuze zithole ulwazi lokuzwa futhi zidlulisele kulokho ebuchosheni, futhi zinikeze imiyalelo yokunyakaza kanye nemisuka ebuchosheni kuya imisipha.

Izimpande zomunyo zomgogodla ziphuma ezikhaleni (ezibizwa ngokuthi i-intervertebral foramina) zakhiwe phakathi kwe-vertebrae emibili eseduze, ekhonjiwe.

Intambo yomgogodla iphela emva kwe-lumbar yokuqala (indawo ephansi emuva) vertebra. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kuyisigxobo sezinzwa kanye nezimpande ezivezwe kakhulu kunezinzwa ezihlala ngenhla. Le nqwaba ibizwa ngokuthi i-cauda equina.