Ecwaningweni lwesayensi, isihloko sokulawulwa ngumuntu osetshenziselwa ukunikeza isisekelo sokuqhathanisa. Lapho abantu abasebenza njengezihloko zokulawula bahlangene ndawonye babizwa ngokuthi iqembu lokulawula.
Izihloko zokulawula zingasetshenziswa ekuvivinyweni kwemitholampilo ukuze uthole ulwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana nezimo zezempilo ezehlukene kanye nokwelashwa kwazo. Ngokuvamile, kodwa hhayi ngaso sonke isikhathi, isihloko sokulawula singuvolontiya onempilo ongenayo izimo zezokwelapha ezikhona ngaphambili.
Izihloko zokulawula zivame ukuhambisana nezinqubo zokufaka, okusho ukuthi kufanele zibe nezici ezithile ezifanelwe nalo mthethosivivinywa esenzelwe ukutadisha, nezinqubo zokungabikho, okuyizici ezingababeka eceleni ekusebenzeni njengesifundo sokulawula. Izici ezinjalo zihlanganisa yobudala, ubulili, isimo sezokwelapha kanye nomlando wezokwelapha.
Indlela Isihloko Sokulawula Esingasetshenziswa Ngayo
Kunezindlela ezahlukene lapho isihloko sokulawula singasetshenziswa:
Njengokuqhathaniswa nabantu abanesimo esithile: Izihloko zokulawula zingase zibe zeqembu labantu abaphilile abafundiswayo ukubona ukuthi izimpawu zabo, izici zabo, noma iziziphatha zabo ziqhathaniswa neqembu labantu ababhekene nesifo esithile sempilo. Abantu abazinikela ekusebenzeni njengezihloko zokulawula okunempilo bavame ukukhokhelwa ngokuhlanganyela kwabo esifundweni.
Ukwamukela i-placebo: Emilenzeni yezokwelapha mayelana nokuphepha nokusebenza kwemithi emisha noma ukwelashwa, izihloko zokulawula zizoba ngabanye abanenkinga efanayo yempilo njengezifundo zokufunda, kodwa abathola i-placebo noma abaphethe "imithi".
Leli qembu lingase libhekwe ngokuthi "izilawuli ze-placebo." Kulezi zifundo, izihloko ngokuvamile zihanjelwe noma yiqembu noma ukwelashwa kwe-placebo.
Ukuqhathaniswa kwento entsha ekwelashweni endala: Kulolu hlobo lokutadisha, izihloko zokulawula zizothola uhlobo oluthile lwezokwelapha bese ziqhathaniswa nabantu ngabanye bathola uhlobo lwezokwelapha.
Izinhlobo zokwenza izifundo kanye nomthelela ekulawuleni izihloko
Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zezinhlobo ezahlukene zeziklamo zokutadisha ezibandakanya izihloko zokulawula:
- I-design Blind: Izihloko zokulawula azi ukuthi zingaphansi kweqembu lokulawula noma zithola i-placebo.
- Ukuklanywa kabili okungaboni: Azikho izihloko zokulawula noma abantu abaphatha ukwelashwa bazi ukuthi ubani othola izidakamizwa ze-placebo noma imithi noma ukufaniswa kwemithi.
Ukuvikelwa kweziNhloko zokuLawula
Emiphakathini yekhwalithi yekhwalithi, kunezinqubo ezikhona ukuhlinzeka ukuvikelwa ekulimazeni ukulawula izihloko. Ngokuvamile, kudingekile imvume enolwazi, lapho abathintekayo banikwa khona ulwazi mayelana nanoma yiziphi izingozi noma izinzuzo zokubandakanya esifundweni. Ezinye izifundo kumele zibe nemiklamo yazo, ngakho-ke ukwelashwa kwezihloko zokulawulwa kuvunyelwe ngamabhodi okubukeza izikhungo (IRBs) kanye / noma ngama-ejensi ahlukahlukene ahulumeni ngaphambi kokuba aqhutshwe.
Umthombo:
"Funda Ngezifundo Zomtholampilo" Iwebhusayithi ye-ClinicalTrials.gov