I-Meningitis ukuvuvukala kwama-meninges, izicubu ezihlanganisa futhi zivikela ubuchopho nomgogodla. Ngokuvamile kubangelwa ukutheleleka, kodwa kungabangelwa umdlavuza, imithi noma enye impendulo yokuvuvukala. Uma i-meningitis ibangelwa ukutheleleka, ukutheleleka ngokuvamile kubhethri noma ukutheleleka ngegciwane.
Izimbangela ezivamile
Izimbangela ze-meningitis ziyahlukahluka, yize izimbangela ezivame ukwedlula zonke izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane noma ama-virus.
Ezinye izinhlobo zezifo zingase zenzeke, futhi zingenzeka kakhulu kubantu abangenayo amasosha omzimba aphilile, nakuba i-meningitis esithathelwanayo ingathinta noma ubani.
Ukutheleleka kwamagciwane
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zamabhaktheriya abangela i-meningitis. Uhlobo ngalunye oluhlukile lwebhaktheriya lungenzeka ukuthi lubangele ukuthi i-meningitis iyinhlangano ethile yobudala.
- Izinsana: Iqembu B Streptococcus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli
- Izingane nezingane: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae uhlobo b (Hib), iqembu B Streptococcus
- Intsha nabantu abadala: I-Neisseria meningitidis, i-Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Abadala abadala: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae uhlobo b (Hib), iqembu B Streptococcus, Listeria monocytogenes
- Isifo se-tuberculosis meningitis asihlotshaniswa nezeqembu elidala, futhi luhlobo olunesihluku sokuthi i-meningitis engathuthuka ngokushesha.
Ukutheleleka ngegciwane
I-meningitis ye-viral ingathinta abantu bazo zonke ubudala, kepha izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-5 kanye nalabo abazivikela ngamasosha omzimba ababuthakathaka yizifo, imithi noma ukufakelwa kwingozi enkulu. Izinsana ezingaphansi kwenyanga eyodwa kanye nabantu abanamasosha omzimba obuthakathaka nabo banamathuba amaningi okuba nesifo esinzima semithini ye-meningitis uma bethola.
Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu ze-meningitis ye-viral yilezi:
- I-Enterovirus
- Ama-Mumps
- Izinyathelo
- Influenza virus
- I-Herpes simplex virus
- I-Varicella zoster- igciwane elibangela inkukhu
Ama-fungal and Parasitic Meningitis
Nakuba kungavamile kakhulu kunezimbangela ze-bacteria noma zegciwane, i-meningitis ingabangelwa ukutheleleka kwamafayalini kanye nama-parasitic, ikakhulukazi kubantu abangenawo amasosha omzimba aphilile.
Izingozi Zengozi Ye-Infectionous Meningitis
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi, nakuba ukutheleleka okuthile kungabangela i-meningitis, uma usulelekile noma yiziphi izimbangela ezithathelwanayo ze-meningitis, awukwazi ukuthola i-meningitis, njengoba i-meningitis iyinkimbinkimbi engavamile yezifo, hhayi umphumela ovamile wabantu abaningi ukutheleleka.
I-meningitis esithathelwanayo iyathonywa yizici eziningana, kuhlanganise nobudala bakho, amandla omzimba wakho omzimba, lapho uhambe khona, noma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa okwenziwe khona, futhi uma wena nezinye izifo zamuva.
- Ubudala: Amanye amaqembu ezineminyaka asezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu lokutheleleka nge-meningitis. Izingane, izingane, kanye nalabo asebekhulile bangase bahlakulele ukutheleleka kwe-meningitis kunezingane ezincane noma eziphakathi.
- Izingane, isibonelo, zithola amathuba okuthola i-meningitis ngoba ngokuvamile ayitholanga yonke imishanguzo, futhi izifo eziningana ezibangelwa i-meningitis zingavinjelwa ngemigomo.
- Izingane zisengozini ephakeme yokungena kwe-meningitis, ngokuvamile ngenxa yokuthi izingane ezinempilo zinokutheleleka okuphindaphindiwe ngesilinganiso esiphakeme kunabantu abadala abanempilo.
- Abantu abadala asebekhulile ngokuvamile bakholelwa ukuthi banamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka. Abantu abadala asebekhulile bangase babe nokuvakashelwa kwezokwelapha njalo nokwelashwa, okwandisa ukuvezwa kwabanye abantu abanezifo ezithathelwanayo.
- Ukudluliswa komama okubeletha: Ukudluliselwa komama kuya kosana kungathuthuka uma umama enesifo sokungena komkhuhlane ongabangela ukuba i-meningitis isane esanda kuzalwa, njenge-herpes.
- Ukuntuleka Kwamasosha Omzimba: Abantu abangenawo amasosha omzimba anempilo basengozini enkulu yokuthola i-meningitis esithathelwanayo. Ukuntuleka kwamagciwane kungenziwa ngenxa yemithi ye-immunosuppressant, chemotherapy, noma yisiphi isifo esithinta amasosha omzimba, njenge-HIV noma i-lupus.
I-Chemical Meningitis
I-Meningitis ingabangelwa ukusabela okuvuthayo emithini ethile kanye nezinqubo. Isibonelo, imithi eminingi yama-antibiotics kanye nama-NSAID ahlotshaniswe ne-aseptic meningitis, okusho ukuthi i-meningitis engenasifo. Ezinye izinqubo ze-neurosurgical, futhi ngisho nokugqama kwesikhumba, kungabangela i-aseptic meningitis, nakuba kungavamile kakhulu.
I-Cancer
I-metastasis yomdlavuza (isakazeka) kusuka noma ikuphi emzimbeni ingahamba emadodeni. Amaseli e-Cancer angahlasela amasosha futhi angabangela ukusabela okuvuthayo.
Zenza ngokuzenzekelayo
Izinkinga eziningi ezizimele, ezifaka i-lupus ne-sarcoidosis, ziye zaxhunyaniswa nemithi ye-meningitis evuthayo. Kulezi zimo, izimpawu zokwelashwa kwe-meningitis zikhona futhi ukuvuvukala kukhona, kodwa ayikho isidalwa esithathelwanayo esithathelwanayo, futhi ukugula kungase kuthuthuke ngemithi yokuzivikela.
Izindlela Zengozi Yokuphila
Kunezici eziningi zokuphila eziyingozi eziye zabonakala ngokuhlangana ne-meningitis. Lezi zici eziyingozi zingenza kube lula ukuthi umuntu avezwe ezifweni ezibangelwa i-meningitis.
Ukubeka Isikole
Izingane ezikhulile esikoleni, izingane ezincane eziya ekunakekelweni kwelanga, kanye nothisha bazo, zisengozini noma i-meningitis ngenxa yokusondela kwabo komunye nomunye emini. Izitsha ezabelwana ngazo nezinye izinto zingandisa ukwanda kwesifo.
Indawo yokuhlala
Ukuphila komfundi we-College College, okubandakanya ukwabelana ngezikhala zokuhlala nabanye abantu abaningi, kwandisa ingozi ye-meningitis. Ngokufanayo, amaqembu ekamu namathimba ezemidlalo abahamba ndawonye nabo bangengozini yokuthola i-meningitis.
Ukusebenza Nezilwane
I- meningitis ye- Zoonotic ithinta abantu abasebenza noma abadlala kakhulu nezilwane, kanye nabantu abahlala ezindaweni lapho amabhaktheriya atholakalayo ezilwaneni.
Ukudluliselwa ngokocansi
Kunezifo eziningana ezithathelwana ngocansi ezingabangela ukuba i-meningitis. Isibonelo, ukutheleleka kwe-syphilis ethuthukile kungaba i-meningitis. Ukutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculazi, okudluliselwa ngokocansi, kunganciphisa isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, okwenza kube lula ukuthi kube nesifo sokungena emzimbeni.
Ukuhamba
Ukuhamba kungakwandisa ingozi yezifo ze-meningococcal. Ukuvezwa kwezidalwa ezithathelwanayo ongazange wazibonele kuzo, njengesifo sofuba, isibonelo, kungenzeka uma uhambela esifundeni lapho kungenzeka khona ukutheleleka. Lokhu kungakubeka engozini yokwanda kwe-meningitis.
> Imithombo:
> Lv S, Guo YH, Nguyen HM, et al. Izimpungushe ze-Pomacea ezibalulekile njengezibalulekile eziphakathi kwe-Angiostrongylus cantonensis eLaos, eCambodia naseVietnam: Imiphumela yokuqhekeka kwe-eosinophilic meningitis. I-Acta Trop. 2018 Mashi 21; 183: 32-35. doi: 10.1016 / j.actatropica.2018.03.021. [I-Epub ngaphambi kokuphrinta]
> Turk VE, Šimić I, Makar-Aušperger K, uRadačić-Aumiler M. Amoxicillin-wakhipha i-aseptic meningitis: umbiko wecala kanye nokubuyekezwa kwamacala ashicilelwe. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2016 Sep; 54 (9): 716-8. i-doi: 10.5414 / CP202645.