Izifo Ezivamile Zokudluliswa Ngokocansi (STDs) Okufanele Uzazi Ngazo

by Elizabeth Boskey, PhD; Ibukezwe nguSusan Olender, MD

Izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi ziyizifo ezinzima kunazo zonke emhlabeni okuzobamba. Kumele ube usondelene futhi uqobo ukuze usakaze. Kungani-ke, ama-STD ajwayelekile kangaka? Ngenxa yokuthi abantu abazi ukuphatha , ukuvimbela , nokugwema. Noma uma benza, ngokuvamile abafuni ukwenza kanjalo ngempumelelo.

Kuyini i-STD? I-STD yisiphi isifo esasakazeka ngokuyinhloko ngokuxhumana kocansi. Omunye umlingani udlulisela isilwane esibangela isifo komunye umlingani ngesikhathi socansi ( ngomlomo / ngesisindo / isilwane / njll.).

Akuzona zonke izifo ezithinta izitho zobulili zibhekwa njenge-STD. Ezinye azikho neze ezihlobene nocansi. Ezinye izifo zihlotshaniswa ngokocansi. Izifo ezihlobene ngokocansi azidluliswanga ngesikhathi socansi. Noma kunjalo, bangase bahlotshaniswe nobulili. Isibonelo, ukutheleleka kwamagciwane e-urinary ngokuvamile akudluliswa ngocansi, kepha ukucasula ngesikhathi sokulala kungadala ku-one.

Nazi ezinye ze- STD ezivamile nezifo ezihambisana nocansi okufanele zibe kwesikrini sakho se-radar.

I-Chlamydia

engacacisiwe

I-Chlamydia yi-STD ejwayelekile yokuphulukiswa. Ihlasela umlomo wesibeletho kubesifazane kanye ne-penile urethra emadodeni. Izimpawu zayo ezivame ukuzwa ubuhlungu ngesikhathi sezocansi bese kukhishwa ebusweni noma emaseni. Kodwa-ke, isizathu sokuthi i- chlamydia ingenye ye-STD ejwayelekile ukuthi abantu abaningi abathola i-chlamydia abanayo izimpawu zamasonto, izinyanga, noma ngisho neminyaka. Ngamanye amazwi, ayabonakali .

Naphezu kokuntuleka kwezimpawu, kubalulekile ukuthi uhlolwe futhi uphathwe uma ucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uboniswe ku-chlamydia. Uma ungenjalo, kungenza umonakalo omkhulu emzimbeni wakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi . Ufuna ukugwema ukuthola i-chlamydia? Ama-condoms aseLatex ayasebenza ekuvikeleni lesi sifo .

I-gonorrhea

I-Photolink / Getty Images

I-gonorrhea , okunye okubizwa ngokuthi "i-clap," yinye isifo se-STD esivamile. Ngokuvamile, ihlasela izitho ezifanayo njenge-chlamydia futhi inemiphumela efanayo yesikhathi eside.

Izimpawu ze-gonorrhea zibandakanya ukuvutha uma uchama futhi, emadodeni, amhlophe, aphuzi, noma uhlaza okuvela emthonjeni. Njengombana kunjalo ne-chlamydia, nanyana kunjalo, abantu abanengi abane-gonorrhea abanalo iimpawu. Yingakho i-CDC ilinganisela ukuthi, e-United States kuphela, kunezimo ezingaphezu kuka-120 kubo bonke abantu abangu-100,000 ... futhi leyo nombolo ikhuphuke iminyaka eminingana.

O, futhi uma ungomunye walabo bantu abacabanga ukuthi ubulili bomlomo bulilili eliphephile (noma akulona ucansi nhlobo), kufanele wazi ukuthi i-gonorrhea ingaphinde idale umphimbo.

Njengamanje, okunye okukhathazeka kakhulu nge-gonorrhea kuyayiphatha. Kukhona inkinga ekhulayo ye -gonorrhea emelana namagciwane . Ngolunye usuku, i-gonorrhea ingase ingaphathwa kahle.

I-Syphilis

Isithombe se-electron microscopy yamabhaktheriya amabili e-Treponema pallidum. I-T. pallidum yi-bacterium ebangela ukuphika. Isithombe sihlonishwa yi-CDC / Joyce Ayers (1969)

I-Syphilis yi-STD evamile ngomlando ovelele. Ebangelwa yi-bacterium Treponema pallidum , ingaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu uma kungashiywa ngaphandle kokulashwa.

I-syphilis idluliselwa ngokuxhumana ngokuqondile nezilonda ze-syphilis, ezingabonakala ezingxenyeni zangaphandle zangasese nasemlonyeni , kanye nasesiswini noma emgodini. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kungadluliselwa ngocansi ngomlomo kanye nangomzimba wesitho sangasese noma wesilisa. Eqinisweni, abanye ososayensi bacabanga ukuthi ubulili bomlomo buyabangela ukuphakama kwe-syphilis emadodeni alala nobulili namadoda.

Ngoba izilonda ze-syphilis zingabonakala ezindaweni ezingahlanganiswa ikhondomu, amakhondomu ayenciphisa amathuba okudlulisela kodwa awunqamuli ngokuphelele. Izilonda ezincane ezingenabuhlungu (chancres) ze-syphilis zakuqala zingaphilisa ngokwazo, kepha lokho akusho ukuthi lesi sifo siphelile. Kuba nzima ukuthola futhi ukuphatha.

I-Mycoplasma Genitalium

Ukuvakasha kwamaGynecologist. Angela Wyant / I-Bank Image / Getty Izithombe

Ngo-2007, ukutadisha okuvelele kwabantwana base-US bathola ukuthi i-STD engaziwa kakhulu, i- Mycoplasma genitalium yayidlula i-gonorrhea ebusweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i- MG , njenge-gonorrhea kanye ne-chlamydia, iqala ukuvela njengesisusa esikhulu se-cervicitis kwabesifazane kanye ne-nongonococcal urethritis emadodeni.

Kungani kuthathe isikhathi eside ukubona ukubaluleka kwalesi sifo esivamile manje? Amacala amaningi kaM. Genitalium awabangeli izimpawu. Kwakunzima ukubona ukuthi ubuchwepheshe obusha bube khona. Akusekho uhlolo lokuhlola lwe-MG olusulwa yi-FDA ukuze lisetshenziswe e-US

Yize ucwaningo olusanda kuvela lungacacile, kucatshangwa ukuthi i-MG ihlotshaniswa nemiphumela ejulile yesikhathi eside, kuhlanganise nokungabi namandla okuvela ezifweni ezivuthayo .

I-Trichomoniasis

Izinhlobo ezimbili [i] Trichomonas vaginalis [/ i]. Isithombe sihlonipha i-CDC Parasite Image Library

I-Trichomoniasis yi-STD ephilile kakhulu, ephethe ukutheleleka okuvamile kubantu besifazane kunamadoda. Abanye besifazane bangase baphathe iphutha lokutheleleka kwesifo semvubelo noma i- bacterial vaginosis ngoba izimpawu ziyafana: ukuphuma kweqhwa , i- odor eqinile yamanzi , ubuhlungu ebuhlotsheni , ukucasula, nokushaya .

Amadoda angathola i-trichomoniasis, kodwa abajwayele ukuba nezimpawu. Noma kunjalo, uma ungowesifazane oye wathola ukuthi unesifo, qiniseka ukuthi umlingani wakho uphathwa. Uma umlingani wakho engumuntu, ukuchithwa kungase kungamthinti okuningi, kodwa awufuni ukuthi akubuyisele kuwe. Uma umlingani wakho engowesifazane, ungadlulisela lesi sifo nomunye nomunye.

I-Human Papilloma Virus / HPV

Joe Raedle / Getty Images Izindaba / Getty Isithombe

I-HPV cishe kungenzeka i-STD ejwayelekile. Izifundo ezindala ngaphambi kokugonywa kwe-HPV zitholakala ukuthi i-quarters ezintathu yabantu abasebenza ngokocansi babe ne-HPV ngesikhathi esifanayo phakathi nokuphila kwabo kanti ingxenye eyodwa kwekota yabesifazane isifo nganoma isiphi isikhathi.

I-HPV ingaziwa ngokuthi " igciwane lesifo somdlavuza wesibeletho somlomo wesibeletho ," kodwa kuphela izinhlobo ezimbalwa ze-HPV ezixhunyaniswa nomdlavuza, futhi zixhunyaniswe ngaphezu kwengane yomdlavuza wesibeletho . Eminye ibangela izidakamizwa zobulili , ezinye izimpi , noma azikho izimpawu nhlobo.

Nakuba i-HPV ibhekwa ingelapheki, izimpawu zayo zingelashwa, futhi abantu abaningi baxazulula izifo ngokwabo. Kunconywa ukuthi izingane ezineminyaka engu-11 kuya kwengu-12 zithole umgomo we-HPV ukuvikela abesilisa nabesifazane abasencane emithonjeni ezine evamile kakhulu yegciwane.

I-HIV / AIDS

Ukuskena i-electron micrograph ye-HIV-1 ebuthweni kusuka ku-lymphocyte ekhulile. Isithombe Ngokufaneleka kweLabhulali yezithombe zomphakathi wezempilo; C. Goldsmith

I-HIV igciwane elihlobene ne-AIDS. Kungadluliselwa kuphela ngokushintshaniswa kwamanzi asemzimbeni-kuhlanganise isisu , ukuvimba kwamasilini, ubisi lwebele, negazi. Awukwazi ukudluliselwa ngokuxhumana okungajwayelekile .

Njengamanje, iningi labantu abanesandulela ngculaza baphathwa ngokuhlanganiswa kwezidakamizwa ezibizwa ngokuthi yi-anti-retroviral therapy ( HAART ), noma i-anti-retroviral therapy ( ipati ). Yize lezi zindlela ezingelapheki lesi sifo, zinganciphisa amathuba okuthi ukutheleleka kuzoqhubekela phambili ku-AIDS. I-HIV ayisisona isigwebo sokufa. Abantu abaningi abanegciwane baphila impilo ende futhi enempilo.

I-Crabs / I-Lice ye-Pubic

Ukusabela kwesithombeni ku-infestation yezinyosi ze-pubic. Isithombe sihlonishwa yi-CDC / Joe Miller

" Amakheba " ayimifucumfucu ehlala ezinwele ezithombeni zangasese futhi ngezikhathi ezithile kwezinye izindawo ezinomunwe womzimba, njengezintambo noma amashiya. Zivame ukusabalalisa ngocansi , nakuba nazo zingathunyelwa ngezikhathi ezithile ngezingubo zokugqoka nezembatho.

Izimpawu zibandakanya ukuhlambalaza endaweni yangasese nezinduna ezibonakalayo noma amaqanda. Kumele wazi ukuthi ukukhwabanisa ama-lice akufani ne-lice yekhanda futhi ukuthi cishe abafaki izinwele ekhanda. Futhi akulona iqiniso ukuthi kufanele uhlambe zonke izinwele zakho zokushicilela uma usulelekile.

Amakhanda

I-Scabies Mite - I-Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis. CDC / Joe Miller / Reed & Carnrick Pharmaceuticals

Ama-scabi yisifo sesikhumba esithathelwanayo esingaxhunywanga ngaso sonke isikhathi ngokocansi. Ebangelwa ama- Sarcoptes scabei ama-parasite, ama-scabi adala ukuqhuma okunamandla kakhulu okuba kubi nakakhulu ebusuku. Ukuvuthwa kuvame ukutholakala emaphethweni esikhumba, okufana naphakathi kweminwe, emasongweni nasezinsikeni, nasezindaweni zokuzala.

Ama-scabi anesifo esithathelwanayo, futhi i-mite ingaphila izinsuku ezivela emzimbeni womuntu. Akugcini nje ngokusakazwa ngokuxhumana kwangasese kodwa ngokuxhumana nomzimba ngesikhumba ngokujwayelekile, ukugqoka okwebelwane, ithawula, nokulala.

I-Herpes / i-HSV

I-electron micrograph yokudlulisa i-herpes simplex virions eminingi. Isithombe sihlonishwa yi-CDC / Dr. UFred Murphy; USylvia Whitfield (1975)

I-Herpes enye isifo se-STD. Iza ngezindlela ezimbili, i- HSV1 ne-HSV2 . I-HSV1 ivame ukuhlotshaniswa nezilonda ezibandayo, kanti i-HSV2 ivame ukuhlotshaniswa nezilonda zomzimba. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukudlulisela i-herpes emlonyeni kuya ezifweni zobulili futhi ngokufanayo.

Izimpawu ze-Herpes zingelashwa ngezidakamizwa ezilwa negciwane, kodwa igciwane alinakwelashwa. Abantu abanegciwane le-herpes kudingeka bazi ukuthi bangadlulisela igciwane ngisho noma bengenayo izilonda noma ezinye izimpawu. Nakuba ukusebenzisa ikhondomu kunganciphisa ubungozi bokudluliswa kwe-herpes, amakhondomu awasebenzeli ngamaphesenti angu-100 kusukela i-herpes isakaze isikhumba nesikhumba .

I-Hepatitis / HBV

Umuntu onama-Jaundice obangelwa ukutheleleka kwesifo soHepatitis. Ungabona ukuthi abamhlophe bamehlo akhe baphuzi. Isithombe sihlonishwa yi-CDC / Dr. Thomas F. Sellers / Emory University (1963)

Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze- hepatitis . Nakuba amagciwane ahlukene adluliselwa emigwaqweni ehlukahlukene, zonke zidala umonakalo esibindi. Uhlobo lwe-hepatitis oluvame ukuhlotshaniswa nokudluliswa ngokocansi yi- hepatitis B (HBV). Nokho, i- hepatitis C ingabuye isakazwe ngokocansi.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukutheleleka okungapheli nge-hepatitis B kungaholela ekusweleni kwesibindi, isifo se-cirrhosis nesifo sesibindi . Ngenhlanhla, kukhona umgomo ongakuvikela ekubhekaneni nesifo. Noma kunjalo, abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-1.25 e-United States banesifo esingenasifo nge-HBV.

I-Chancroid

I-Haemophilus ducreyi - Ama-bacteria abangela i-chancroid. I-CDC / uDkt Mike Miller

I-Chancroid iyisifo sesilonda sangasese esibangelwa yi-bacterium Haemophilus ducreyi. Nakuba kungavamile ukubonwa e-United States, kwezinye izingxenye ze- infections ze-chancroid zomhlaba yimbangela enkulu engozini ye-HIV.

Izilonda ezibangelwa i-chancroid ngokuvamile zikhudlwana futhi zibuhlungu kakhulu kunezo ezihambisana ne-syphilis, nakuba izibonakaliso zokuqala zingase ziphuthelwe ngalabo abane-infection ye -syphilis .

Ibhaktheriya Vaginosis / BV

Amangqamuzana ekhohlisi amangqamuzana e-epithelial angokwemvelo ahlanganiswa amabhaktheriya. Ziyindlela eyodwa yokuxilonga i-bacterial vaginosis. Isithombe Ngokufaneleka kweLabhulali yezithombe zomphakathi wezempilo; I-CDC / M. Phinda ufike

I-bacterial vaginosis yisimiso lapho amabhaktheriya enempilo emzimbeni wesifazane elala khona futhi ashintshwe yizinto eziphilayo. Izimpawu zibandakanya ukushisa nokushayela nxazonke kwesiswini, ukukhishwa okumhlophe noma kwegrey, kanye nephunga eliqinile elinomsoco elibonakalayo ngemva kokulala.

Abanye abantu bayabuza ukuthi ngabe i-BV ayiyona yini i-STD noma cha, kodwa ihlobene nokuba nomlingani omusha ocansini noma abalingani abaningi bobulili. Ungathatha ama-antibiotics ukuqeda i-BV, kodwa ibuye ibuye ibonise ngisho nangemva kokwelashwa okuphumelelayo. Ukutheleleka kungakhuphula ingozi yowesifazane we-HIV, isifo sokuvuvukala esiswini , nokuzalwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi (izinsana ezalwa kakhulu kusenesikhathi).

I-Nongonoccocal Urethritis (NGU)

Udokotela onesiguli sesilisa. Umthombo Wesithombe / I-Photodisc / Getty Izithombe

Ngokungafani ne-STD eminingi okukhulunywe ngayo kulokhu okubukezwayo, i- urethritis engabonwayo ayibangelwa ibhethri ethile noma igciwane. Esikhundleni salokho, kuchazwa njenganoma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-urethritis olungabangwa yi-gonorrhea. Izimbangela ezimbili ezivame kakhulu ze-NGU ziyi-chlamydia ne- Mycoplasma genitalium . Izimpawu ze-NGU zibandakanya ukuvutha uma uchama futhi ukhulula ekhanda lepenis. Kodwa-ke, njengama-STD amaningi, amacala amaningi we-NGU ajwayelekile.

Molluscum Contagiosum

U-Ed Uthman / Wikimedia Commons nge-Flickr / CC-BY-2.0

I-Molluscum contagiosum yisifo sesikhumba esivame ukuhlasela izingane ezincane kanye nabantu abadala abaye banciphisa amasosha omzimba. Idluliselwa ngokuxhumana ngqo kwesikhumba, ngakho-ke phakathi kwabantu abadala nakho kungadluliselwa ngesikhathi sokuxhumana kocansi.

MRSA

Ama-bacterium we-MRSA. Imidwebo yekhompyutha yama-bacterium angama-Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) angamelana ne-methicillin. I-Library Photo Library - SCIEPRO / Brand X Izithombe / Getty Izithombe

I-MRSA , noma i- staphylococcus aureus engamelana ne-methicillin , ayinakucatshangwa ngokuyinhloko njengesifo esithathelwana ngocansi, nakuba ucwaningo olusha luveza ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ludluliselwa ngokocansi. Nakuba izimo eziningi ze-MRSA zitholakala esibhedlela noma ezinye izilungiselelo zezokwelapha, zingadluliselwa ngokuxhumana ngqo kwesikhumba nesikhumba.

Lymphogranuloma Venereum

UJohn Slater / Digital Vision / Getty Izithombe

I-Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) yisifo esithathelwana ngocansi esasijwayele ukucatshangwa ukuthi sithinta abantu emhlabeni othuthukayo. Nokho, manje sekukhuphuka emhlabeni jikelele. Ngemuva kokuhlukunyezwa kokuqala kwamadoda alala nesilisa (MSM) eNetherlands ngonyaka ka-2003, i-LGV itholakale emaqenjini angasese e-MSM ngaphesheya kweYurophu, eNyakatho Melika nase-Australia. Okubangelwa uhlobo lwe- Chlamydia trachomatis , i-LGV ihlobene eduze nokutheleleka nge-HIV futhi, njengamanye ama-STD amaningi, ingakwandisa ingozi yokudlulisela i-HIV nokuthengwa.

> Imithombo:

> Izifo Zengculazi Zika-2015 Zemihlahlandlela yokwelapha. I-CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/default.htm.

Izinkinga Ezivelayo. I-CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/emerging.htm.

> Izifo Ezithathelwana Ngocansi (STDs) Idatha & Izibalo. I-CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/std/stats/default.htm.