I-valve evuzayo ingabangela ukulimala kwenhliziyo nokuhluleka
Ukubuyiswa kwe-Mitral kwenzeka lapho i-valve ye-mitral yenhliziyo ingavali kahle, ivumela igazi ukuba livuke (regurgitate) libuyele ekamelweni lezinhliziyo. Ukubuyiswa kwe-Mitral akuyona nje evamile kakhulu ye-valve yenhliziyo engavamile, kungaba yinto enzima kakhulu ukuyihlola nokuphatha.
Ukuqonda ukuphindaphinda kweMitral
I-valve ye-mitral ihlukanisa i-atrium yesokunxele yenhliziyo kusuka kwe-ventricle kwesokunxele.
Lapho izinkontileka ze-atrium ezisele, i-valve ye-mitral ivuleka ukuvumela igazi libe yi-ventricle kwesokunxele. Lapho izinkontileka ze-ventricle ezisele, i-valve igwema ukuvimbela ukuphuma kwegazi.
Ekuvuseleleni kwe-mitral, i-valve evulekile yanezela ingcindezi enhliziyweni engabangela ukukhuliswa kwemisipha yenhliziyo nokulimala okungapheli isikhathi eside.
Kunemibandela eminingi engakwazi ukuphindaphinda:
- I-Mitral valve ishayela (i-valging ye-valve "iminyango")
- I-endocarditis (kufaka phakathi ukutheleleka kwe-valve yenhliziyo)
- I-infarction ye-myocardial (ukushaya kwenhliziyo)
- I-cardiomyopathy ehlukumezayo (ukukhuliswa kwenhliziyo)
- I-cardiomyopathy ye-Hypertrophic (ukuqina kwenhliziyo yesisu)
- Isifo senhliziyo esishubile (ikakhulukazi esibonakala emazweni asathuthuka)
Izinkinga zokubuyiswa kwe-Mitral
Ukubuyela emuva kweMitral ngokuvamile kuyimpilo engapheli eqhubeka kancane kancane phakathi neminyaka. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ingcindezi engakwesokunxele i-atrium izokwanda ngenxa yegazi elingaphinde liphindwe emuva ekamelweni.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kucindezela kuzokwenza inhliziyo ikhulise. Uma kwenzeka lokhu, umuntu uzovame ukuzwa:
- I-Dyspnea (ukuphefumula okuncane )
- I-fibrillation ye-Atrial (inhliziyo engavamile futhi evame ukushaya ngokushesha)
- I-syncope (ihluleka)
Ukuguqulwa kwe-mitral okungapheli kubuye kwanezela ukuxhuma kwe-ventricle kwesokunxele, ukuphoqa ukuba kusebenze kanzima ukupompa igazi emzimbeni.
Lo msebenzi owengeziwe ungabangela ukuba imisipha ikhule, okuholela ekwandiseni futhi, kwezinye izimo, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo. Ngesikhathi lokhu kwenzeka, imisipha ivame ukulimala ngokungenakuphikiswa, okwenza ukuthi i-valve ibe yingozi nakakhulu.
Ngezinye izikhathi ezingavamile, ukuphindaphinda kwe-mitral kungase kuthuthuke ngokuzumayo, kaningi ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo kwesigameko esibi se-endocarditis. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ngokuvamile kuzobangela i -edema ye-pulmonary (i-buildup yamanzi emaphashini) kanye nokwehla okuyingozi emzimbeni wegazi. Ukuphindaphindiwe kwe-mitration njalo kubhekwa njengesimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha futhi, uma kungelashwa ngokushesha, kungabangela ukufa.
Ukwelapha i-Mitral Regurgitation
Ukwelashwa kwe-mitration ukuvuselelwa kuyoxhomeke kakhulu esigabeni sokugula kanye nesimo senhliziyo ngokwayo. Njengoba kuyinkinga ethinta imishini ye-valve, ukwelashwa kuyoba kaningi kunokuba kungabandakanyi ukuhlinzwa.
Izindlela ezimbili zokuhlinzeka zijwayele ukusetshenziswa:
- I-Mitral valve esikhundleni sayo ihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-valve eyenziwe ngumuntu noma i-valve yenhliziyo ethathwe esilwaneni (ngokuvamile ingulube). Nakuba zombili zingasebenza ngokulingana kahle, ukuvala i-clotting kuvamile ngama-valve kagesi futhi kudinga imithi engapheli ukuze unciphise igazi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-valve kagesi ngokuvamile ahlala isikhathi eside ukuze asebenze kangcono iziguli ezincane ezingaphansi kuka-65.
- Ukulungiswa kwe-valve ye-Mitral kudinga ukuthi udokotela ohlinzayo aphinde abuyele kabusha i-valve ukuze anciphise noma aqede ukuphindaphinda. Kuyinto isayensi enekhono efuna ochwepheshe abanolwazi kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, ukufa okubangelwa ukuhlinzeka ngokuvamile kuyancane kunokuba kusetshenziswe i-valve futhi kunikeza isikhathi eside sokusinda. Ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokusebenza kuzodingeka kwenziwe ukuthi kunqunywe ukuthi ukulungiswa kuyindlela engenzeka.
Okunye Ukwelapha Ukubuyiswa Kwe-Mitral
Kunezikhathi lapho umuntu engase angabi ukhetho lokuhlinzwa. Uma kunjalo, ukwelashwa kuzogxila ekunciphiseni izimpawu kanye / noma ukunciphisa ingcindezi enhliziyweni. Phakathi kwezinketho zamanje:
- I-Vasodilators (uhlobo lwezidakamizwa ezisetshenziselwa ukunciphisa imithwalo yegazi) ngezinye izikhathi lisetshenziselwa kodwa alwenzi lutho ukuthuthukisa imiphumela yesikhathi eside. Ama-inhibitors e-ACE afana ne-Vasotec (i-enalapril) noma i-Capoten (i-captopril) yizinqumo ezivame kakhulu.
- Ukwelashwa kabusha kwe-cardia (CRT) kuhilela ukusebenzisa i-pacemaker ekhethekile ehamba ngezimoto zangaphandle kanye nezingakwesokunxele ngesikhathi esisodwa. I-CRT ivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu uma kunwetshiwe ukukhuliswa kwe-ventricular.
- I-endocarditis prophylaxis ihilela ukusebenzisa imithi elwa namagciwane ukuze kuvinjelwe ukutheleleka enkonzweni yangaphakathi yenhliziyo. Lamuhla lisetshenziselwa kuphela ezimweni ezingavamile.
> Imithombo
- > Bonow, R .; I-Carabello, B; I-Chatterjee, K .; et al. "Ukubuyekeza okugxilile kufakwe emithethweni ye-ACC / AHA 2006 yokuphathwa kweziguli ezine-valvular heart disease: umbiko we-American College of Cardiology / American Heart Association Task Force on Guidelines Practice." Ukujikeleza . 2008; 118: e523.
- > I-Vahanian, A .; I-Baumgartner, i-H .; I-Bax, J .; et al. "Imihlahlandlela yokuphathwa kwesifo senhliziyo se-valvular: I-Task Force ekuphathweni kwe-Valvular Heart Disease ye-European Society of Cardiology." I-European Heart Journal . 2007; 28: 230.