Kuwo wonke amashumi eminyaka okuqala ekhulwini lama-21, ukusetshenziswa kwamanoni wezokwelapha sekuye kwacutshungulwa futhi kwaqaphela ukuphatha izinkinga eziningi ezingaphathwa ngendlela efanele nezinye izidakamizwa nemithi yokwelapha.
Ukusekelwa odokotela neziguli ezitholile i-marijuana yezokwelapha ukuze ziphumelele ekusizeni izimpawu zalezi zimo kuye kwabangela ezinye iziphathimandla ukuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwegunci lwezokwelapha ngaphansi kwesimiso somdokotela esimweni esaziwayo.
Imithi yokugcoba, inambuzane yokwenziwa, okuhloswe ukuhlinzeka ngezinzuzo ezifanayo zezokwelapha ngaphandle kwemithi ephezulu, ibuye ithuthukiswe futhi kwezinye izimo, isetshenziswe njengezinhlobo zensangu yezokwelapha. Enye yalezi zindlela zokwenza izinambuzane zezokwelapha i-Marinol.
Yini Engayiphatha?
Izibonakaliso ezingaphezu kuka-200 ezihlukene noma ukusetshenziswa kwe-cannabis yezokwelapha zikhonjisiwe. Lezi zingahle zihlehliselwe ezigabeni ezibanzi ezilandelayo:
- I-Anti-nausant and appetite stimulant
- I-Anti-spasmodic ne-anti-convulsant
- I-Analgesic (i-relief reliever)
- I-modulator ye-Anti-inflammatory and immune system
- Anxiolytic (anxiety reliever) ne-anti-depressant yezinkinga zemizwelo
- Harm ukunciphisa esikhundleni sotshwala, opiates nezinye izidakamizwa eziyingozi
- Izinhlelo ezihlukahlukene ezifana ne-glaucoma ne-asthma.
Nakuba kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-FDA ayizange igunyaze inambuzane nganoma yisiphi isibonakaliso sezokwelapha, izimo ezithile lapho inambuzane yezokwelapha ingabekwa khona, kodwa ayikhawulelwe:
- Ubuhlungu obungapheliyo
- I-nausea (kubandakanya isicanuca ehambisana ne-chemotherapy)
- I-HIV
- Multiple sclerosis
- I-glaucoma
- I-IBS
Imiphumela emibi
Imiphumela eminingana engaba yingozi yamanoni wezokwelapha iye yabonakala. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izinkinga zenhliziyo ezihambisana nokusetshenziswa kwenambuzane njengokushaya kwenhliziyo nokucindezela kwegazi, izinkinga ngenkathi kuncelisa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, futhi kungenzeka ukubhekana nokugulisa inambuzane.
Nakuba izingozi zezinyosi zezokwelapha okwamanje zingabhekwa njengeziphakeme, izinkinga zenhliziyo zingase zithinteke ukwanda kwenhliziyo-tachycardia-obangelwa ukugqwala inambuzane, futhi kufanele igweme inambuzane noma isebenzise kuphela emva kokuxoxa ngezingozi nezinzuzo zabo echaza udokotela.
I-Marijuana ngezinye izikhathi ibangela ukuphelelwa amandla lapho abasebenzisi bevuka ngokushesha, isimo esaziwa ngokuthi i-postural hypotension. Lokhu kubangela ingozi yokudlula, ukuwa, futhi mhlawumbe ukulimala okungaba yingozi. Imiphumela yensangu ekucindezelekeni kwegazi ayinakulinganiswa, ngakho-ke noma yikuphi ukukhathazeka kufanele kukhulunywe ngodokotela wakho odokotela.
Ukukhulelwa
Imiphumela yensangu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ixutshwe, kanti abanye bavuma ukusebenzisa inambuzane yezokwelapha njengokwelashwa kokugula kwasekuseni, kanye nokunye okucwaninga okubonisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi imiphumela engathí sina yengqondo emntwaneni okhulayo. Ukubuyekezwa kocwaningo ngemiphumela yokungena ngaphambi kokubeletha ingane ngaphambi kwezinsana zokuthuthukiswa kubonisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ingozi enkulu yokubeletha kanye nokubeletha okuphansi.
Kodwa-ke, lezi zifundo, kanye nalabo abonisa imiphumela yokucubungula i-marijuana ngaphambi kokubeletha ezinyangeni zamuva zentuthuko, badidekile noma badidekile ngokuthi abesifazane abasebenzisa inambuzane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa banamathuba amaningi okubandakanyeka kwezinye izinto zokuziphatha ezibeka ingane engozini , njengokubhema ugwayi.
Ngokuvamile, odokotela baye babonisa ukukhathazeka ngokuphepha kweguni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. I-Marijuana inamafutha ahlaziyekile, futhi iwela kalula i-placenta ne-blood-brain brain. Ngakho-ke, uma unina esebenzisa inambuzane, ingakwazi ukubuthelwa ezicubu nasebuchosheni bomntwana. Ikwazi ukuphazamisa ukulawula imoto, inkumbulo, neminye imisebenzi yobuchopho.
Kukhona ingozi ekhuphuke kakhulu yokwelapha-isifo esingathí sina sokubeletha lapho ingane izalwa ngaphandle kwengxenye yobuchopho kanye nekhanda-lapho umntwana ebelethwe inambuzane ngenyanga yokuqala yokubeletha, amasonto angu-1 kuya kwangu-4 ngemuva kokukhulelwe.
Kukhona nobufakazi bokuthi insangu isetshenziselwa ukukhulelwa kungaphazamisa ukuthuthukiswa kobuchopho, kanye nama-neurotransmitters anendima ekusebenzeni kwengqondo nokusebenza ngokomzwelo.
Lokhu kungaholela ekulawuleni okungaqondakali ukulawulwa: ukucasuka, ukuthuthumela, nokujwayela okungafanele; ubunzima bokumiswa nokumiswa kombuso; futhi ukulala ukuphazamiseka.
Izinkinga Zentuthuko
Ucwaningo oluningi lubhale ukulahlekelwa kwe-neurodevelopmental kwabantwana asebekhulile, intsha, kanye nabantu abadala abasebevele bevezwe ngosangu. Lezi zifundo zihambisana nemiphumela ye-cannabis ohlelweni olukhulayo lwe-fetal central central nerveous system.
Izingane ezazisetshenziselwa inambuzane futhi zilandelwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zitholakala ukuthi zinezimo ezingapheliyo zokulahlekelwa kokusebenza kwengqondo. Lapho uneminyaka engu-6 ubudala, ukungcola kokubeletha kwangaphambi kokubeletha kwakuhlobene nokuhlaziywa okuncane okushiwo ngamazwi nokulahleka kokubambisana, inkumbulo yesikhashana, kanye nezibalo zobuningi bezibalo. Ngesikhathi beseneminyaka engu-10 ubudala, imiphumela emibi yokuchasana kwe-marijuana ngaphambi kokubeletha yaba nethonya elikhulu ememori yokuklama kanye nokuhlolwa kokufunda kanye nenkumbulo, kanti izingane ezivelele zinezilinganiso eziphansi zokuhlolwa ekuphumeleleni kwesikole.
Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi baningi ukwanda kwezinto ezimbi, ukungaziphathi kahle, nezinkinga zokungalaleli kanye namanani okwandisa kakhulu izimpawu zokucindezeleka kwengane. Lezi zimpawu zibikezele kakhulu ukuhlukumezeka eminyakeni engu-14 kanye nesilinganiso esikhulu sezinkinga ngokusebenza okuphezulu, okuyinto ephakathi kokufunda nokulawula ukuziphatha. Abantu abadala asebevele betholakala enogwavu bathole ukuthi baye bashintsha ukusebenza kwe-neural okwakuthinta inkumbulo yesikhashana.
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, lezi ziphumo zosesho ziyinkimbinkimbi ngokuthambekela kwabantwana bomama abasebenzisa inambuzane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ukuba bavezwe kwezinye izinto, ukucindezeleka nezinye izinkinga. Kodwa-ke, kuze kube yilapho uphenyo oluthe xaxa luyatholakala, inambuzane ingcono kakhulu igweme ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokuncelisa.
Ukusabela okungenzeka
Kubikiwe ukubhekana nezinambuzane eziningana, kufaka phakathi ukushaya kwenhliziyo, ukuphelelwa amandla, ukukhwabanisa, ukuphazamiseka, nokukhanda ikhanda. Ukusabela okubi akubonanga ngaso sonke isikhathi ekuqaleni, kodwa kungase kuthuthuke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengoba umuntu evezwa ngamanoni amaningi. Nakuba kungavamile, ukwelashwa kwangempela kumgogodla kungabonakala, futhi kuvela emanzini kanye nokuhlambalaza kuya ku-flown anaphylaxis egcwele. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ocabanga ukuthi zingase zibe nezifo ezibangelwa ukungezwani , qeda ukusetshenziswa bese uxoxisana nodokotela wakho ochaza.
Kuyini iMarinol?
I-Marinol yindlela yezokwelapha kwezokwelapha. Kuyinto inguqulo yokwenziwa komkhakha we-delta-9-THC, okwenzeka ngokwemvelo kwisitshalo se-cannabis. I-Marinol inqunywe njengendlela yokudla okunomsoco kubantu abanezibonakaliso ezinzima zokulahlekelwa yizinkanuko, ukucabangela nokuhlanza, okubangelwa izimo ezifana ne-AIDS nomdlavuza, kanye nokuphathwa kwezimo.
Umuthi wezokwelapha uphikisana ngoba inambuzane yokuzilibazisa iye yaba yisidakamizwa esilawulwayo iminyaka eminingi. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, i-Marinol inqunyelwe kuphela kubantu abanezimo ezinzima, futhi abangazange baphendule ngokwanele kwezinye izifo zezimpawu zabo.
Imiphumela ye-Marinol kanye nemiphumela emibi
Abantu abathatha i-Marinol bangase bahlangabezane nemiphumela emihle yokugcoba inambuzane evamile yokuzilibazisa, kufaka phakathi i-elation kanye ne-euphoria.
I-Marinol ingaba nemiphumela emibi embi, kufaka phakathi i-paranoia nemicabango engavamile, isisu esicasulayo, nokulala.
Ingabe I-Marijuana Yezokwelapha Ngenye Indlela Yokusebenzisa Izidakamizwa?
Amagama athi "ukusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa" kanye nokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa "ahlukumeza" futhi asho ukuthi usolwa ngumuntu osebenzisa izinto. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwalemigomo kuhluleka ngabachwepheshe. Kodwa-ke, umbuzo wokuthi uhlelo lwamanje lwezokwelapha lusetshenziselwa njengoba kuhloswe luphakamisa okutholakele okuthakazelisayo.
Ucwaningo olubikwe ngo-2017 lubonise ukuthi abasebenzisi basoguni abangewona iziguli zogwayi bezokwelapha babika ukuthi inambuzane ihlukanisiwe kusuka kubanikazi bezinkampani. Abasebenzisi bezinambuzane ezinjalo bangase basebenzise izidakamizwa ezingavunyelwe zona kunalokho okushiwo isangu. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi abasebenzisi bokuzilibazisa baphendukela emithonjeni engavumelekile, ehlukanisiwe, emisiwe yemithi, kunokuba izidakamizwa zasemgwaqweni wendabuko, engeza inambuzane yezokwelapha ohlwini lwezidakamizwa ezinqunywe ukuhanjelwa ukusetshenziswa kokuzijabulisa.
Kodwa-ke, labo abashiwo inambuzane bangase bazuze kakhulu ekufinyeleleni kumanci wezokwelapha. Ucwaningo olufanayo lubonise ukuthi uma kuqhathaniswa nabasebenzisi abangewona iziguli zogciwane lwezokwelashwa, iziguli ezincane zogciwane lwezokwelapha zisebenzisa amantombazane amaningi, futhi i-vaporize igxila emanzini, njengamafutha, i-dab, ne-wax, ngokuvamile.
Ohlangothini lwe-flip, abasebenzisi abaningi bezinyosi abangenazidakamizwa ngokusebenzisa imithi yezokwelapha babika ukuziphazamisa izimpawu ezingelashwa ngezinambuzane nezinye izidakamizwa ngokungemthetho. Futhi olunye ucwaningo lwabahlinzeki bezempilo esifundazweni saseWashington, lapho inambuzane isemthethweni kokubili ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha nokuzilibazisa, kubonisa ukuthi abaningi babo abakhathazekile batusa inambuzane yezokwelapha.
Ngakho-ke ngenkathi uhlelo lwezinyosi lwezokwelapha lubonakala lunikeza abanye inzuzo, kunezinkinga zokungafinyeleli labo abazozuza, futhi kungase kube nokwandisa ukufinyelela kwenduna yezokwelapha ngezinhloso ezingezona ezokwelapha.
> Imithombo:
> Carlini, B., Garrett, S., & Carter, G. I-Cannabis Yezokwelapha: Uhlolo Lokuhlinzeka Ngabanakekeli WezeMpilo eWashington State. I-American Journal of Hospice kanye neMithi yokwelapha, 34: 85 - 91. 2015. ini: 10.1177 / 1049909115604669
> Izintshisekelo, I. Imithi yezokwelapha nokukhulelwa: Imiphumela yomgomo wezempilo womphakathi. Journal American of Obstetrics and Gynecology , 216, 27-30. 2017.
> Gieringer, D., Rosenthal, E., & Carter, G. Marijuana Medical Handbook: Isiqondiso Esiwusizo Sokusetshenziswa Kwemithi YaseMariju. Ama-Archives Okusheshayo aseMelika. 2008.
> Lankenau, S., Fedrava, E., Reed, M., Schrager, S., Iverson, E., Wong, C. Amasiko kanye namaphethini okusetshenziswa phakathi kweziguli ezincane zogciwane lwezokwelapha nabasebenzisi abangenawo isiguli, abadakamizwa futhi u-Alcohol Dependence , 170, 181-188. 2017.