Ngesikhathi sokushisa, imfiva, izigulane ezivuvukala, nezinye izimpawu ze-inkukhu (varicella) ziqala ukuvela, igciwane selizobe selisemzimbeni womuntu ngesonto noma ngaphezulu. Ngokusho kwamaCentral for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), isikhathi esivamile sokufakelwa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza-isikhathi esithile phakathi komunye umuntu lapho evezwa khona futhi lapho izimpawu ziqala ukukhombisa-izinsuku eziyisishiyagalolunye ezingu-14, ezinezinkulungwane ezingu-10 kuya ezinsukwini ezingu-21.
Umuntu uthathwa njengesifo esithathelwanayo esisodwa kuya kwezinsuku ezimbili ngaphambi kokuba kuvele ukuqhuma kuze kube yilapho kuqubuzana ngokuphelele.
Izimpawu Ezivamile
Ngaphandle kwalokho abantu abanempilo abagulayo ngemuva kokuba bavezwe ku-varicella bazokwakhiwa iqoqo lezimpawu ezijwayelekile kunoma yikuphi ukutheleleka kwegciwane ngaphezu kwe-telltale inkukhu ye-chickenpox. Kwamanye abantu, ikakhulukazi abantu abadala, izimpawu ezingekho ukushona zizovela ngaphambi kokushona. Ezinganeni, ukuqhuma ngokuvamile kuyisibonakaliso sokuqala senkukhu.
Izimpawu ezingezona Rash
Eziningi zalezi zimpawu zigcina usuku noma ezimbili bese zanyamalala njengoba kuvela ukuqhuma. Zihlanganisa:
- I-Fever (ngokuvamile ilula, cishe ama-degrees angu-102, nakuba ingaba ama-degree angama-105)
- Malaise
- Izinwele
- Ukulahlekelwa kwesifiso
- Ubuhlungu besisu esiswini
- Izigulane ezivuvukalayo
Khumbula ukuthi umuntu otheleleke ngegciwane le-varicella angasakazeka ngesikhathi sezinsuku ezimbalwa anayo lezi zimpawu zangaphambi kokushona, okungezona ezicacile.
I-Chickenpox Rash
Ukuqhuma kwenkukhu kubonakala kuqala ku-torso, isikhumba, nesobuso, bese kusakazeka ezingalweni nasemilenzeni. Ukuqhuma nakho kungabangela izilonda emangqamuzaneni emangcwabeni emehlweni, emlonyeni nasesiswini (kepha lokhu akuvamile).
Isilonda ngasinye se-chickenpox siqala njengo-2 kuya ku-4-millimeter i-papule ebomvu ngesigcawu esingavamile, lapho kutholakala khona umcabango onobucayi obuncane, ogcwele umchamo ogcwala kakhulu.
I-vesicle ivame ukuchazwa njengokubukeka "njengokwehla kwezolo." Emva kwamahora ayisishiyagalombili kuya kwangu-12, i-fluid e-vesicle iba nefuba futhi i-vesicle iphuka, ishiya isikhumba.
Uma isilonda sinqunywe phezu kwayo asisacatshangwa. I-crust ngokuvamile iyawa ngemva kwezinsuku eziyisikhombisa. Kodwa-ke, njengoba izilonda ezindala zidlula futhi ziwa, izintsha ziyaqhubeka zakha, ngakho-ke kuyinto evamile ukuba nezilonda ngezigaba ezahlukene ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kuze kube yilapho zonke izilonda ziqhekekile futhi zingabonakali ezintsha, umuntu uthathwa njengesifo esithathelwanayo.
Uma wena noma ingane yakho yehla nenkukhu, kuzodingeka uhlale ekhaya kusuka esikoleni, emsebenzini, neminye imisebenzi ukuze ugweme ukusakaza igciwane, noma ngabe uzizwa kahle.
Ukushona kwe-inkukhu kuyinto enzima kakhulu, kodwa kubalulekile ukuthi ungaboni. Uma izilonda noma ama-crusts zikhishwa noma zitheleleke ekuthintaneni nokungcola ngaphansi kweminwe, izibazi ezingaqondakali zingakha. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukubhekana nalokhu kuyingxenye eyinhloko yokwelashwa kwezinkukhu.
Inombolo yezilonda zezinkukhu umuntu uyahlukahluka. Ibanga elijwayelekile lingama-100 kuya ku-300 izilonda. Abantu abadala kanye nezingane ezindala ngokuvamile bakhula izilonda ezingaphezu kwezingane ezincane. Abantu abaye baphuthunyiswa isikhumba esidabukisiwe ngaphambili, njengokushisa kwelanga noma i-eczema, bangase bahlakulele ukuqhuma okukhulu kunabanye.
Izimpawu ezijwayelekile
Ngezikhathi ezingavamile, izingane eziye zagonywa kancane (zinezinga elilodwa lomuthi wokugoma we-varicella) noma ngisho nokugonywa ngokugcwele (kuye kwadingeka kokubili amanani) wehla ne-inkukhupox noma kunjalo. Izingane ezinjalo okuthiwa "ukuphumelela kwe-chickenpox" azithathelwana kancane kunelabo abangazange bagonywe.
Izimpawu zabo zibi kakhulu, futhi-ezimnene kakhulu kwezinye izimo ukuthi ukuqhuma kwezinkukhu kungabhekwa njengezinambuzane noma ezinye izinsalela zezingane. Izimpawu zokukhukhuka kwenkukhu zihlanganisa:
- Ngaphansi kwezilonda ezingama-50 noma ngaphezulu
- Ambalwa ama-vesicles (yingakho ayengenasifo esithathelwanayo)
- I-Low noma ayikho imfiva
- Ukutakula okusheshayo (ezinsukwini ezintathu kuya kwezinhlanu)
Izinkinga
Kubantu abanempilo ejwayelekile, inkukhu yezinkukhu ayikwazi ukuholela kunoma yiziphi izinkinga ezinkulu. Kodwa-ke, abantu abangaba ngu-14 000 bayiswa esibhedlela e-United States ngonyaka ngamunye ngenxa yesifo. Ngezingu-100 zazo, kuyoba yingozi. Abantu abangaphezu kwezintathu zabantu abathola inkukhu njengabantu abadala basengozini yokubhekana nezinkinga ezinkulu, ikakhulukazi abadala kanye nalabo abanamasosha omzimba athintekile.
Ukutheleleka kwamagciwane
Ukuxilongwa okuvame kakhulu kwe-varicella kuyisifo esiphezulu se-bacterial yezilonda zezinkukhu ezibangelwa yiStaphylococcus aureu s noma iStreptococcus pyogenes, ezibhekene nezifo zesikhumba ezifana ne- impetigo , furunculosis , cellulitis, ne-erysipelas, kanye nokutheleleka kwama-lymph nodes eyaziwa ngokuthi i-lymphadenitis.
Lezi zifo zitholakala kalula futhi zingelashwa kalula ngama-antibiotics, Nokho, kunengozi ukuthi amabhaktheriya angasakazeka egazini, eholela esimweni esibizwa ngokuthi i-bacterium. Abantu abanebacteremia basengozini ye-pneumonia yebhaktheriya kanye nezinye izifo ezingathí sina, okubandakanya i-meningitis, i-arthritis, i-osteomyelitis, ne-sepsis.
Izinkinga Neurologic
Isethi yesibili yezinkinga ze-chickenpox kuhilela isimiso sezinzwa. Enye yezinkinga eziyingozi kakhulu zezinzwa ezihlobene nenkukhu isifo somntwana okuthiwa i-acute cerebellar ataxia. Izimpawu zibandakanya umkhuhlane, ukucasula okuba kubi nakakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuhamba nobunzima, nokukhubazeka kokukhuluma okungaqhubeka izinsuku noma ngisho namasonto. Ngenhlanhla, lezi zimpawu zivame ukuzixazulula zodwa.
Enye inkinga yezinkukhu ezingase zibe nezinzwa ze-chickenpox yi-varicella meningoencephalitis, ukutheleleka okubangela ukuthi izinambuzane ezizungeze futhi zivikele izakhiwo ohlelweni lwezinzwa ziyovuvukala futhi zivutha.
Izimpawu zingabandakanya ubuhlungu bekhanda, ukuzwela ukukhanya, ukuqina kwentamo nobuhlungu, i-delirium, ne-seizures. Abantu abasengozini yokuthuthukisa i-meningoencephalitis ngemuva kokutheleleka ngegciwane le-varicella yibo abanesisindo somzimba sokuzivikela, ezifana neziguli ezisezingeni elidlule lokutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculazi (i-HIV).
Izinkinga zokuphefumula
I-Varicella pneumonia iyimbangela ehamba phambili yokugula okuhlobene ne-varicella nokufa kubantu abadala. Lesi sifo siqala lapho igciwane liya emaphashini ngegazi, lapho kubangelwa khona ukutheleleka. Cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabadala abangu-400 abaza ne-chickenpox bazokweliswa esibhedlela ngenxa yalesi sifo.
Izici ezingozini ze-varicella pneumonia zihlanganisa:
- Ukuthola inkukhu yezinkukhu esekhulile
- Rash ngenani elikhulu lezilonda
- Isivikelo somzimba sokuzivikela
- Ukukhulelwa (ikakhulukazi ku-trimester yesithathu)
- Ukubhema
- Isifo se-Chronic obstructive pulmonary (COPD)
Izinkinga zesibindi
Ukukhathazeka okuvamile kwe-chickenpox yisifo sofuba esingapheli, ukuvuvukala okwesikhashana kwesibindi okuvame ukungabonakali izimpawu futhi kuvame ukuba ngcono ngaphandle kokwelashwa.
Ngokusho kweMayo Clinic, ezinye izingane kanye nentsha elulamekile ngenxa yokutheleleka ngegciwane-ikakhulukazi inkukhu noma umkhuhlane-basengozini yokuthuthukisa i-Reye's syndrome, isimo esingavamile esibangela ukuvuvukala kwesibindi nobuchopho. I-Reye's syndrome nayo ixhunywe ne-aspirin, ngakho-ke nakuba i-aspirin ivunyelwe izingane ezindala kunezingu-2, kungcono ukuthi unganikezi lesi sidakamizwa ukuba baphathe izimpawu ze-inkukhu (noma ezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo).
Izikhwama
Ngemva kokuba umuntu enesifo senkukhu, igciwane alisuswanga ngokuphelele emzimbeni. Esikhundleni salokho, uhambela amaphuzu ohlelweni lwezinzwa olubizwa ngokuthi i-ganglia, lapho amagatsha wezinzwa ezihlangana khona, ehlala engasebenzi futhi evulekile.
Izimbangela ezithile zingacindezela ukuthi igciwane elidlulayo liphinde liphinde liphinde liphinde liphinde lisebenze, ngokuvamile liphindwe amashumi eminyaka ngemva kokutheleleka kokuqala. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, igciwane lizobuyela emuva le nerve esikhumbeni, kubangele izibhanta zesikhumba ezibuhlungu, ezivuthayo egatsheni lezinzwa-isimo esibizwa ngokuthi ama-shingles, noma i-herpes zoster. Izikhumba ngokuvamile zibathinta abantu abadala abangaphezu kuka-50.
Nini Ukubona Udokotela
I-chickenpox yisifo esinjalo esivela kalula ongathola ukuxilongwa kusuka kudokotela phezu kwefoni. Futhi njenganoma yikuphi ukutheleleka kwegciwane, ngokuvamile kuthola ngcono ngokwakho.
Kodwa-ke, uma unesifo senkukhu uma uthuthukisa izimpawu ezithile ezibonisa ukuthi ungaba nokutheleleka kwesibili noma ukunye ukucindezeleka, kufanele ubize udokotela ukuze uthole i-aphoyintimenti. Lokhu kufaka:
- Ama-blisters abe abomvu kakhulu futhi anethenda; zizwe zifudumele; ziba nezilonda ezinkulu, ezivulekile; bese ukhipha ipus
- Umkhuhlane ophezulu ophikelela isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbalwa
- Izigqoko ezivuvukile entanyeni ezithintekayo
- I-Rash esakaza komunye noma kokubili amehlo
- Ukuhluleka ukuphuza
- Ukwehla kwamanzi
- Izinkinga zokuphefumula noma ukukhwehlela njalo, okungaba izibonakaliso ze-varicella pneumonia
- Ikhanda elinzima, ukuzwela ukukhanya, ukulala okungajwayelekile, ukudideka, noma ukuhlanza njalo, okuhlangene okungabonisa ukuvuvukala kobuchopho
Lezi zimpawu zibangela ukukhathazeka kubantwana nakubantu abadala. Uma unezingane ezincane ezinezinkukhu ezikhala njalo futhi ezingenakufudumala, kungesizathu sokuthi uhlole nodokotela wezingane.
> Imithombo:
> Abro, AH, et.al. Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-Hepatic kuvame ukutholakala kwe-Varicella Infection. I-Rawal Med Jour. July 2008. 33 (2).
> I-American Academy of Dermatology. Ama-shingles: Uhlolojikelele. Okthoba 27, 2017.
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo (CDC). I-Chickenpox (Varicella) | Ukubukwa Komtholampilo. NgoJulayi 1, 2016.
> I-Mayo Clinic. I-Reye's Syndrome. Aug 12, 2014.
> Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan. I-Chickenpox (Varicella): Uma Ubiza uDokotela. May 4 2017.