I-Chickenpox yisifo esithathelwanayo esikhulu esichazwe ukuqubuka okuphazamisayo okwakhiwa ngamabhuleki abomvu, aphefumulayo (izimbongi) kanye nezimpawu ezinjenge-flu. Kokubili ukuqhuma kanye nezinye izimpawu ngokuvamile kungaphathwa ngokuphumelelayo nemithi yokwelashwa ngokweqile kanye nemithi yasemakhaya, nakuba imithi yokulwa namagciwane ingahle ibekwe. Uma sekubhekwa njengesifo esingenakugwenywa ebuntwaneni, inkukhu yezinkukhu isuke ingavamile kakhulu kusukela ekufikeni komgomo wokugoma inkukhu.
Nakuba i-chickenpox yokuqala ixazulula ezinsukwini ezimbalwa noma emasontweni ambalwa, igciwane elibangela inkukhu ye-chickenpox lingalokothi liphume emzimbeni futhi liphinde livele ngemuva kweminyaka emashumi ukudala isifo esibuhlungu esibizwa ngokuthi ama-shingles kubantu abadala asebekhulile.
Izimpawu
Isibonakaliso esivela kunazo zonke se- inkukhu isifo se-telltale, esenzeka cishe ezinsukwini ezingu-14 kusuka ekuvezweni. Yenziwe ngamakhulu amabhalantshi abomvu, anezikhukhula, ukuqhuma kwe-inkukhu kuqala kubonakala ebusweni, kwesikhumba, nasesikhumeni, bese kusakazeka ezingalweni nasemilenzeni.
Ngenxa yokuthi inkukhu ye-chickenpox iyigciwane lesandulela ngculazi, ibuye ibangele iqoqo lezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, kuhlanganise nomkhuhlane omncane, ubuhlungu bekhanda, ubuhlungu besisu, ukukhathala, izigulane ezivuvukalayo, kanye ne-malaise jikelele. Abantu abadala abawela nge-inkukhu bavame ukuzwa lezi zimpawu kuqala, bese beqhubeka nokuthuthukisa ukuqhuma . Izingane zivame ukuthola amabala kuqala. "Amacala okuhlukumeza," lokho okwenzeka naphezu kokugoma ngokumelene nokukhukhulwa kwezinkukhu, kuvame ukuba namandla futhi, ikakhulukazi, kunokuphuza okuncane.
Izinkinga ezivela ezikhuselweni ze-chickenpox azivamile, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi zenzeke kubantu abadala kunabantwana, kodwa zingaba sína. Ezinye izinkinga zokuqala ezibangelwa yi-chickenpox zihlanganisa izifo zesikhumba, i- pneumonia , i- encephalitis , ne-Reye's syndrome (ehlobene nokusetshenziswa kwe-aspirin ezinganeni).
Isizathu
Umzimba obangela inkukhuphalazi ubizwa ngokuthi yi-varicella-zoster virus, noma i-VZV.
I-Varicella iyisihlobo segciwane le-herpes futhi likhona emhlabeni jikelele. Kuyinto evumelana kakhulu. Ungathola kalula inkukhu ngokuthinta isikhumba somuntu onomshanguzo ovuthiwe noma ngokuphefumula egazini le-varicella lapho umuntu ogulayo ekhala noma ekhwehlela, ukuthumela amaconsi amathrekhi egazini emoyeni.
Ukuxilongwa
Ukuxilongwa kwezinkukhu ngokuvamile kuncike emlandweni wezimpawu ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye nokubukeka kwesimo sokukhwabanisa. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi ukuqubuka kwenkukhu kungadideka ne-herpes simplex, impetigo, ukulunywa kwezinambuzane, noma izikhwama.
Uma kunombuzo wokuthi ukuqubuka kungumphumela wezinkukhu, isiko lesandulela ngculaza singathathwa. Noma kunjalo, kungathatha isikhathi eside ukuthola imiphumela kunokugula okuzoxazulula.
Ukwelapha
Kwabanye abantu abanempilo enhle, ukugxila kwe- chickenpox kuwukukhulula izimpawu. Isidakamizwa esingekho steroidal sokuvuvukala (i-NSAID) efana ne-ibuprofen noma i-acetaminophen ingasiza ekukhuliseni umkhuhlane futhi kunciphise ikhanda nokuhlukumeza okujwayelekile.
Ukubhekana nokushayeka kungaba nzima kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa emntwaneni omncane onzima kanzima ukukhipha isikhumba sabo. Ngenhlanhla, kunezinketho eziningi, kufaka phakathi:
- Ugibela emgodini wamanzi afudumele ahlanganiswe ne-colloidal oatmeal noma i-baking soda
- Ukusebenzisa i-calamine lotion ngokuqondile ukuphazamisa amabhuleki
- Ama-antihistamine omlomo anjengeBenadryl (diphenhydramine)
Kubuye kubalulekile ukugcina iminwe yabantwana ifushane futhi ihlanzekile kakhulu.
Ngezinye izikhathi kubalulekile ukuphatha abantu abasengozini yokugula kakhulu yizinkukhu, njengalabo abanamasosha omzimba ahlaselekile. Isibonelo, imishanguzo ye-antiviral okuthiwa i-VariZIG (varicella zoster immune globulin) ingasetshenziswa.
Ukuvimbela
Ngenxa yokuthi igciwane le-varicella litheleleka kakhulu, indlela yokuqala eyaziwayo yokuzivikela ukuyiqeda: Hlala kude futhi ugcine izingane zakho noma abanye abantu abazinakekelayo kunoma ubani onenkukhu.
Uma nje amabhuleki womuntu esebenzayo-okungukuthi, angakavuli futhi avuliwe-usengenelele. I-Chickenpox nayo ibhekwa njengokutheleleka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba kuvele ukuqhuma.
Kubo bonke abantu, noma kunjalo, indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela inkukhu isifo somuthi we-varicella. Ngaphandle kwababantu abathile, njengabesifazane abakhulelwe noma abantu abanamasosha omzimba okwehlisiwe, umgomo uphephile futhi usebenza kahle. Eqinisweni, yingxenye yesimiso esinconywayo sokugonywa kwabantwana, kanye nokudubula amasimungumzimba, izimpungushe, nezinye izifo ezimbi. Abantu abadala ababengenayo inkukhu njengoba izingane zivame ukululekwa ukuba zithole umuthi we-varicella.
Izwi elivela
Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-1990, abantu abangaba yizigidi ezine babulawa yizinkukhu njalo ngonyaka, amashumi ezinkulungwane agula ngokwanele ukuba angene esibhedlela, kwathi abangu-100 kuya ku-150 bafa, ngokusho kwamaCenter for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Ngemuva kokugonywa kwe-varicella ngo-1995, inani lamathambo ezinkukhu e-United States lahla ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-90 ngo-2005, i-CDC ibika.
Noma kunjalo, kunokuba izingane zigonywe, abazali abathile bakhetha esikhundleni sokuthatha izingane zabo "emaphathini ama-inkukhu" ukuze bathole igciwane futhi bahlakulele ingculazi yemvelo. Inkinga ngalomkhuba wukuthi ingane ingase idingeke ikhuthazelele ukugula ayengakufanele. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi utheleleke ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, uzoba engozini yokuthuthukisa izibungu njengomuntu omdala.
Ngenkathi kusengenzeka ukuthola inkukhu ye-chickenpox noma i-shingles ngemuva kokugonywa ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, amacala ngokuvamile ayenamandla kunawo athuthuka kumuntu ongagciniwe. Ukugonywa kunciphisa ingozi yokuhlukunyezwa kwesifo, isikhuhlane se-pneumonia, ne-ataxia (ukulahlekelwa kokulawula ukuhamba komzimba).
Ukuvumela izingane ukuba ziqhubeke nokusabalalisa isifo esivinjelwe ngokuyinhloko nazo zinganaki ukusebenza komuthi wokugoma. Ukuze ukugula kuqedwe ngokuphelele, abantu abaningi ngangokunokwenzeka badinga ukuzivikela kuwo. Uma ungaqiniseki ngokuthi ingane yakho igonywe, khuluma nodokotela wezingane ukuze uthole ukuthi yini engcono kakhulu emndenini wakho.
> Imithombo:
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo (CDC). "I-Chicken Pox (Varicella): Iziqhumane." NgoJulayi 1, 2016.
> CDC. "I-Chicken Pox (Varicella): Ukudluliselwa." NgoJulayi 1, 2016.
> Pergam, SA, Limaye, AP, kanye ne-AST Infectious Diseases Community of Practice. "Virus ye-Varicella Zoster." U-J J Ukutshala. Dec 2009; 9 (Isihlomelo 4): S108- # 115. I-DOI: 10.1111 / j.1600-6143.2009.02901.x.