I-chickenpox inomthelela omkhulu futhi ingasakazeka ngokuxhumana nomuntu onegciwane, kanye nangeminyango yokuphefumula emoyeni (amaconsi ahlushwa emoyeni lapho umuntu ehlambalaza noma ekhwehlela). Ukuthatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa ukuxhumana nalabo abane-chickenpox kuyasiza ngokuphathelene nokuvimbela, kepha indlela kuphela (ephephile) yokugwema ukutheleleka ngomuthi wokugoma we-varicella obangela ukugula ngokuthola umgomo wokukhukhuka.
Ukugwema
Njengoba abantu abanegciwane lesandulela ngculaza besakazeka izinsuku ezilodwa ukuya kwezinsuku ezimbili ngaphambi kokuba bahlakulele, kungenzeka ukuthi bavezwe umuntu onesifo senkukhu ngaphambi kokuba bazi ukuthi bayagula. Kuleso simo, kusobala ukuthi akunakuningi ongakwenza ngokunciphisa ukuvezwa kwakho-nakuba kunjalo, njalo kuyinto enhle ukulandela amaqhinga okuhlanzeka okunempilo ekugwemeni ukutheleleka nganoma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-bug, njengokugeza izandla njalo.
Uma kuziwa ekunqandeni igciwane lesikhumba lapho uzi ukuthi lihamba futhi ungakabi nalo noma uligonyelwe kulo, kunezinye izinyathelo okumele uzithathe:
- Hlala kude nabantu abagulayo abanezinkukhu noma ama-shingles, uma kungenzeka.
- Gqoka igantshi elingalahleki, elingenayo i-latex uma uthinta izinto noma izindawo ezingahle zivezwe igciwane.
- Emikhumbi ye-cruise, amalungu amaqembu anezinkukhu ngokuvamile afundiswa ukuba agqoke imikhono emide namabhulukwe amade ukuze kunciphise inani lamabhalane abanye abantu abangase bavezwe kuwo. Cabanga ukusebenzisa leli qhinga uma ugqoka ingane enenkukhu.
- Cabanga ngokumisa "igumbi lokugula" elithokozelayo ilungu lomndeni elinesifo senkukhu-indawo enhle lapho ekwazi ukuphumula ngaphandle kokuzizwa engasondelene nabo bonke abanye.
- Ungabelani izitsha, izitsha, noma izitsha zokudla nelungu lomndeni ogulayo. Geza noma yiziphi izinto azisebenzisayo kumshini wokulahla umshini wokushisa noma emanzini ashisayo, asepha.
- Ukukhipha ama-disinfect (non-porouses) (ama-cockorks, amathrekhi edoti, njll) ngomkhiqizo ovunywe yi- Environmental Protection Agency ngokubulala ama-microbes afana namagciwane. I-chlorine bleach (ngesilinganiso sekota eyodwa kwikota ngayinye yamanzi) izokwenza le nkohliso, kodwa ezinye izindlela ezingezona i-bleach ziphephile. Lezi zihlanganisa imikhiqizo equkethe enye i-bleach efana ne-oxygen bleach noma i-hydrogen peroxide.
- Ungamanga umuntu onokukhukhuka: Ukuxhumana okuqondile nama-blister, ikakhulukazi noma yini engakaqediwe, isimemo sokutheleleka.
Ukugonywa
Njengoba umuthi wokugoma we-varicella usungulwa ngo-1995, kunengozi encane yokugula nge-inkukhu. Kunemigomo embalwa manje etholakalayo.
I-Varivax (i-varicella virus vaccine live) kuyindlela eyinhloko esetshenzisiwe. Umthamo wokuqala unikezwa izingane ezinyangeni ezingaba ngu-15 ngesikhathi esifanayo njengendlela yokulinganisa isishukela, imisipha kanye nomuthi wokugoma we-rubella (MMR). Umthamo wesibili we-Varivax unikezwa eminyakeni engama-4 kuya kwengu-6 ubudala, kungaba nomunye umthamo we-MMR noma njengengxenye yomuthi wokugoma obizwa ngokuthi i-ProQuad (MMRV).
Izinhlanzi (herpes zoster) zingathuthuka lapho igciwane le-varicella livuselelwa iminyaka emva kwenkukhu enkulu yenkukhu. Ukugonywa ngalokhu kubalulekile ekuvikeleni ngokumelene nezibungu, kepha futhi ne-chickenpox: Nakuba umuntu engakwazi ukudlula izitshalo, omunye umuntu onenkinga esebenzayo angadlulisa igciwane, okungabangela inkukhu yezinkukhu kubantu abangakaze bayithole noma begonywe ngakho.
Kubantu abadala, kunemigomo emibili yokucabangela. Lowo owaziwa kakhulu, i-Zostavax (i-zoster vaccine iphila, noma i-ZVL), inikezwa njengomthamo owodwa lapho uneminyaka engu-60 noma ngaphezulu. Ukhetho olusha, i-Shingrix (umuthi wokugoma wama-zoster, noma u-RZV) uthathwa njengempumelelo kakhulu. Yenziwe ngama-antitictic pesticides futhi anconywa ngabantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-50 noma ngaphezulu. Kuvame ukunikezwa ochungechungeni lwezintambo ezimbili, ngokudubula kwesibili kunikezwa izinyanga ezimbili kuya kweziyisithupha emva kokuqala.
Imishanguzo eyenziwe ngegciwane ngokwayo (Varivax, Zostavax) inezibukhoma kodwa zishintshiwe izinguqulo ze-varicella. Lokhu kusho ukuthi igciwane lenziwe libuthakathaka kunalokho ongayithola kumuntu otheleleke.
Leli gciwane elincane kakhulu lihlasela amangqamuzana futhi liphindaphinda egazini, okwenza isimiso somzimba samasosha omzimba sakha ama-antibodies ukulwa nalo.
Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu ukutheleleka akuvezi izimpawu. Uma umuntu ogonywe athola inkukhukazi, lesi sifo sinomoya omncane amaphesenti angu-95 esikhathi. Ubude besikhathi lezi-antibodies zihlala ziphumelela, kodwa kubonakala sengathi ukugoma kuhlinzeka ngegciwane lesiguli eside.
Imiphumela emibi yomuthi wokugoma wenkukhu ngokuvamile ilula futhi ihlanganisa izinga eliphansi lokuphefumula, ukukhathazeka okuncane endaweni yokugoma, nokuhlaselwa okunomkhawulo (izilonda ezintathu kuya kwezinhlanu) endaweni yokugoma.
Ubani Okufanele Athole Umgomo Wokudla Kwezinkukhu?
Ngokwezikhungo zokuLawula nokuvimbela izifo, abantu abanempilo abangakaze babe ne-inkukhu noma bebegonywe ngaphambilini kufanele bathole ukugonywa ngokulandela izincomo ezilandelayo:
- Izingane kufanele zithole amanani amabili okugoma umkhuhlane-owokuqala ezinyangeni ezingu-12 kuya kwezingu-15 kanti owesibili phakathi kweminyaka engama-4 kuya kwengu-6.
- Intsha (13 nangaphezulu) kanye nabantu abadala kufanele bathole amanani amabili, amasonto amane kuya kwangu-8 ngaphandle.
Akukaziwa ukuthi ingabe umuthi wokuvikela u-varicella uvikela isikhathi esingakanani, kodwa ukuhlolwa kwamanje kubonisa ukuthi ukuzivikela komzimba kuqhubeka okungenani iminyaka engama-20.
Ubani Okungafanele Athole Umgomo Wokukhukhulwa Kwesikhukhu
Umuthi wokugoma we-chickenpox uphephile kakhulu futhi usebenza kahle, kodwa kunamaqembu ambalwa abantu akuphephile. Nazi ezinye iziqondiso:
- Abantu abagulayo, ngisho nangokwemvelo, uma behlelwe ukuthi bathole ukudubula kumele bavame ukulinda baze babuyisele.
- Abesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele balinde ukuthola umgomo wokukhukhuka kuze kube ngemva kokuzalwa kwezinsana zabo. Ngokufanayo, kuhle ukulinda okungenani inyanga emva kokuthola isibhamu ngaphambi kokuzama ukukhulelwa.
- Noma ubani one-HIV / AIDS noma esinye isifo esithinta amasosha omzimba; ubelokhu uthatha imithi ethinta amasosha omzimba, njenge-steroids, amasonto amabili noma ngaphezulu; unezinhlobo zomdlavuza noma ukwelashwa ngomdlavuza nge-chemotherapy noma imishanguzo akufanele ithole umgomo we-varicella ngaphandle kokuhlola kuqala udokotela obaphathayo.
- Abantu abasanda kumpontshelwa igazi noma banikwe ezinye imikhiqizo yegazi kufanele bakhulume nodokotela wabo mayelana nomgomo ngaphambi kokuwuthola.
- Abantu abaye babhekana nesifo sokugulisa i-gelatin, i-neomycin yama-antibiotic, noma umthamo wangaphambilini wokugoma umkhuhlane akufanele ugonywe noma kufanele uthintane nodokotela wabo kuqala.
Abanye abantu abazophephelwa ngokugcwele ngogesi bakhethe ukuzitholela isibhamu, becabanga ukuthi uma beqhubeka futhi begula bayodinga ukukhuthazelela kuphela ukuhlukumeza kanye futhi bazokhulelwa ukutheleleka okuqhubeka phambili, ngoba imizimba yabo sidale ukuzivikela kwemvelo. Ngokufanayo, esikhathini esidlule, kube khona abazali abaye bakhetha ukudalula izingane zabo egazini le-varicella kulabo okuthiwa "amaqembu e-chickenpox."
Kodwa ukuvezwa okunenhloso ku-varicella akulungile kunoma ubani. Uma igciwane le-varicella livunyelwe emzimbeni, alishiyi, ngisho nangemva kokuba noma yiziphi izimpawu ezibangelwa ukuthi seziphelile. Esikhundleni salokho, igciwane lithatha indawo yokuhlala ohlelweni lwezinzwa, lapho lingahlala lulele khona amashumi eminyaka bese luvele luphinde lusebenze ngesifo esibizwa ngokuthi i-shingles.
Ama-shingles ahlasela amaphesenti angu-10 abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-60, ngokwe-CDC. Kubangela ukuqhuma okubuhlungu okubuhlungu, okubuhlungu, nokungaqondakali futhi okungashiya ukonakala okuphakade. Ezinye izibonakaliso ze-shingles zingabandakanya ukukhanda ikhanda, ukuzwela ukukhanya, kanye nokushaywa kwe-malaise.
Lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho akujabulisi kakhulu. Uma ungakaze ube ne-chickenpox noma ube nezingane ezincane, ungakwazi kalula ukuzivimbela futhi uzikhandle ngokubamba izinaliti ezimbalwa.
Imithombo:
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo (CDC). Isiqondiso Sokuhamba Ngama-Cruise Ships ku-Varicella (Chickenpox) Ukuphathwa. Ngo-July 14, 2016.
> CDC. Izikhwama (Herpes Zoster): Uhlolojikelele lweMitholampilo. Feb 21, 2018.
> CDC. I-Varicella Vaccine Safety and Monitoring. Apr 5, 2012.
> I-Environmental Protection Agency. Ukuhlanza Okuhlaza, Ukuhlanjululwa Kwegazi, Nokunciphisa I-Disinfection: Ikharikhyula Yokunakekelwa Kokuqala Nezemfundo . 2013.
> Medline Plus. I-Varicella (Chickenpox) Igciwane. Ngo-Okthoba 15, 2012.