I-hay fever, noma i-rhinitis ye-allergen, iyisifo esingavamile kakhulu, esithinta amaphesenti angu-30 wabantu. Yisizathu esivamile kunazo zonke izinkinga ezingapheliyo nezindlebe zekhasi. Izingane kanye nabantu abadala asebekhulile yizinhlobo ezijwayelekile kakhulu ezikhungethwe yilesi sifo, nakuba abantu abadala asebekhulile kanye nabantu asebekhulile bebona izimpawu.
I-rhinitis ye-allergen ichazwa ngokuthi ukuvuvukala nokucasula kwezingxenye zomlomo ngenxa yezifo eziphelile zonyaka nonyaka.
Izimpawu zihlanganisa ukuthunga, impumu egijimayo, ukungqubuzana komzimba, ukuchithwa kwempumu, nokuthutha komzimba. Ingxenye yabo bonke abantu abane-rhinitis ye-allergen nayo ineqhaza le -rhinitis engelahleki emabonakalweni abo.
Yini efaka umuntu engozini yokuthuthukisa izimpawu ze-hay fever?
Labo abasengozini yokuthuthukiswa kwe-rhinitis ehlushwa kubandakanya abantu abanomlando womndeni we- atopic , i- atopic dermatitis , umama ophuza ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, nokuphila ngendlela yesimanje (indawo yasezindaweni zasemadolobheni, isimo sezinga eliphezulu lezenhlalakahle, usayizi omncane womndeni). Ukuba khona kwezilwane ezifuywayo, ikakhulukazi izinja eziningi, ekhaya ngesikhathi sokuzalwa kubonakala kuvikela ekuthuthukiseni izifo ezithathelwanayo ezifana ne-hay fever.
Lesi simo esichazwe ngenhla sichazwa "yi-hypothesis hygiene", okusikisela ukuthi njengoba siphila endaweni ehlanzekile, amasosha omzimba ethu akudingeki alwe nezifo eziningi njengasendulo. Asikhuli emapulazini ezungeze izilwane, asiyidlale insila, sithola imithi yokuvikela ukulwa nezifo, futhi sithola ama-antibiotics uma sinesifo.
Ngenxa yalokho, isimiso somzimba sokuvikela amasosha asikhuthazwa kancane esimweni sokulwa nesifo socansi, futhi sishintsha kwimodi yokungezwani. Ukutholakala kwezilwane zakudala, ikakhulukazi izinja, kungasiza ukuvimbela lokhu.
Iyini into enkulu, ingumpheme ogijima nje, akunjalo?
Akulungile. I-rhinitis ye-allergen ithinta abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingama-39 baseMelika, eholele ezigidini zezinsuku zomsebenzi ezingabanjwanga, izinsuku zesikole, nezinsuku zokukhiqiza okunciphisa minyaka yonke njengomphumela.
Izindleko zale nqubo yesifo zilinganiselwa ezinkulungwaneni zezigidi zamadola ngonyaka (ukuhambela udokotela, izinsuku ezingasebenzi / izinsuku zesikole, nezindleko zemithi). Umphumela we-rhinitis wokuhlunga emkhakheni womuntu wompilo kufana nokufana nesifo se-asthmatic esinzima.
I-rhinitis ye-allergen iphinde ithonye ezinye izifo. Izimpawu ze-hay fever ezingalawuleki zingabangela ukutheleleka kwe-sinus, izifo zezindlebe nokuwohloka kwe-asthma. Futhi abantu abane-rhinitis ye-allergen bajwayele ukugula kwezifo kusukela ukuvuvukala emakhaleni kwenza kube lula ukuthi bangene igciwane elibangela ukushisa okuvamile.
I-rhinitis ye-allergen ihlolwe kanjani?
Umlando. Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngezimpawu zomuntu ezihambisana nezifo, ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba ngudokotela wezokwelapha obonisa izimpawu ezibonisa ukuguliswa kwemithi, kanye nokuhlolwa kokunciphisa umzimba. Kungaba nzima ukutshela umehluko phakathi kokubandayo okuvamile kanye nokugula kwabanye abantu; Izinkomba ezibonisa ukubola zihlanganisa:
- Ubukhona bezinye izifo ezingenasifo (njenge-atopic dermatitis)
- Umlando womndeni wezifo ezithathelwanayo
- Izimpawu ezihambisana nenkathi noma i-trigger (njengekati)
- Ukuthuthukisa izimpawu zokungenwa yisifo sofuba ngemithi
- Ukuba khona kokubamba (emakhaleni, amehlo, izindlebe, uphahla lomlomo) kuphakamisa kakhulu imithi
Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Udokotela uzophinde ahlole ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, afune izinkomba zokwelapha. Ukuhlolwa kuhlanganisa ukubuka ezindlebeni (uketshezi ngemuva komgubhu wezindlebe kungasikisela ukubola), emakhaleni (amaqabunga, avuvukile emasimini asetsheni abonisa ukulimala), futhi emlonyeni (ubufakazi bokuthi umfutho wezitho zomzimba ungase uphakamise ukubola) . Imibuthano emnyama ngaphansi kwamehlo abizwa ngokuthi "ama-allergen", futhi ngenxa yokungqubuzana kwamanzi. I-crease ene-horizontal ebhuloho yangasese ivela ekubhokheni phezulu kwempumu ngesandla sesandla, esibizwa ngokuthi "isilenge esilisayo."
Ukuhlolwa kokunciphisa umzimba. Izivivinyo ezibangelwa ukungezwani komzimba zidinga ukuhlolisisa i-rhinitis ye-allergen; ukuhlolwa kokungabi namagciwane okungalungile kubonisa ukuthi akuyona i-rhinitis engelahleki .
Ukuhlolwa kokunciphisa umzimba kufeziwe ngokuhlolwa kwesikhumba noma ukuhlolwa kwegazi (okubizwa ngokuthi i- RAST ). Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba kubhekwa njengendlela ejwayelekile futhi kwenziwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, ukuhlolwa okuvamile kakhulu noma ukuhlola.
Thola okungaphezulu mayelana nokuhlolwa kokungabi namagciwane nokuhlolwa kwe-rhinitis ye-allergen .
Imithombo:
> Bousquet J, van Cauwenberge P, Khaltaev N. Ukwelapha Rhinitis kanye Impact Its on Asthma. I-Clin Clinergy ye-Immunol. 2001; 108: S147-344.
> I-Buttram J, i-D engaphezulu, iQuinn J. Ukuzivocavoca kanye ne-Immunology. Umlando ophelele kanye nomhlahlandlela wokuhlola umzimba. 2003: 53-69.