Izivivinyo Zezilwane
Ukuhlolwa kokungezwani komzimba ukulinganisa indlela umuntu abheka ngayo izilonda ezithile, njenge-pollen yesihlahla, i- pet dander , ukudla, imithi noma isikhunta. "Ukuhlolwa okuhle kokungezwani komzimba" kusho ukuthi umuntu une-antibody ekhethekile yokuhlolwa kwezinto ezivivinywe. Ngokuvamile lokhu kusho ukuthi lowo muntu unesizathu esiyingozi kwizinto ezibonakalayo, okusho ukuthi lowo muntu uzothola izimpawu uma evezwe ku-allergen.
Kodwa-ke, ukuvivinywa kokungezwani komzimba akusho ukuthi ngempela umuntu uyayilonda. Umuntu angase abe nokuhlolwa okuhle kokungezwani komzimba ku-dog dander, isibonelo, kepha akuhlangenwe nakho izimpawu zokutholakala nezinja. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umuntu angase ahlolwe ukuhlolwa kwezinkinga zokudla , kodwa akwazi ukudla lokhu kudla ngaphandle kokubi.
Ngakho-ke, i-allergenist iyadingeka ukwenza futhi ihumushe ukuvivinya umzimba okususelwe kumpawu zomuntu.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili kuphela zokuhlolwa kokungalingani okubhekwa njengento evumelekile: Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba (ukukhanda / ukukhishwa kanye ne-intradermal) no-RAST (ukuhlolwa kwe-radioallergosorbent). Ezinye izivivinyo ze-allergies zingenziwa ngezilungiselelo zocwaningo (njengokubeka amancane amancane we-allergen emehlweni, impumu noma amaphaphu ukukala impendulo ye-allergenic), kodwa akusizi ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Patch akusetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukungezwani komzimba, kodwa ku- contact dermatitis kumakhemikhali ahlukahlukene, okubangelwa enye ingxenye yesistimu yomzimba.
Ezinye izivivinyo eziningi ziyenziwa ngabasebenzi abangenazo izifo ezithile noma abantu abazibiza ngokuthi "allergists" kodwa abanakho ukuqeqeshwa okusemthethweni kanye nesitifiketi sebhodi kazwelonke emkhakheni wokungenwa kwemithi nokuzivikela. Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi yiziphi izivivinyo okufanele uzigweme ekuxilongweni kwemizimba . Njalo bheka i-allergen eqeqeshiwe ngokusemthethweni, ebhodini-certified noma ebhodini uma kunezokwelapha eziphuthumayo.
Kuyini Ukuhlolwa Kwesikhumba?
Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba yiyona ndlela endala futhi enokwethenjelwa kakhulu yokuhlolwa kokunciphisa umzimba. Leli fomu lokuhlola lenzelwe iminyaka eyi-100 futhi liyaqhubeka lihlolwa kokuzikhethela ukuxilongwa kwesifo sofuba. Ukuhlola kuqala ngomshini wokugcoba, ukukhishwa noma ukukhipha, okubandakanya ukubeka ihlumela le-allergen elibuzwayo (ngokuvamile ukukhishwa kwe-pollens, ukubunjwa, ukudla, i-pet dander, njll njll) emzimbeni bese uvula isikhumba ngenaliti . Lokhu kuhlola akunabuhlungu, futhi ngokuvamile, akukho ukuphuma kwegazi okuhilelekile ngoba inaliti yanciphisa isikhumba.
Ngemuva kokuthi isikhumba sihlungiwe, izivivinyo zithatha cishe imizuzu engu-15 ukuthuthukisa. Kungase kube nezivivinyo eziningi zesikhumba ezenziwe, kuye ngobudala bomuntu, izimpawu nezinye izici. Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba okubonakalayo kufana nokuphakama, okubomvu okwebomvu, okufana nokulunywa umiyane . Ukuhlolwa kuqhathaniswa nokulawulwa okuhle nokubi, okunye okungu-2 nezinye izivivinyo zesikhumba ezibekiwe kanye nezilingo ezizohlolwa.
Ukulawula okuhle ngokuvamile kuvamise i-histamine, okuzobangela ukuphakama, ukuhlambalaza kunoma ubani ongathathi imishanguzo ye-antihistamine , njenge-Benadryl. Akunakwenzeka ukuba ube nomzimba we-histamine, ngoba leli khemikhali likhona emzimbeni.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-histamine yesikhumba esihle kusho ukuthi noma yikuphi ukuhlolwa kwezikhumba okwenziwe ngesikhathi esifanayo nomphumela omuhle kuyiqiniso, kungalungile ngempela (futhi ukuthi umphumela omubi wawungeyona nje ngenxa yomuntu othatha i-antihistamine , isibonelo).
Ukulawula okungalungile kuvame ukuba ngamanzi usawoti, noma u-saline. Inhloso yalesi sivivinyo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umuntu akanalo umphumela ocasulayo kusukela ekuthomeni kwenaliti. Umphumela wokuhlolwa wesikhumba ongekho emthethweni ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imiphumela emihle yokuhlolwa kwesikhumba ayikona ngenxa yethonya elicasulayo lomuntu onesikhumba esibucayi kakhulu.
Uma imiphumela yokuhlolwa yesikhumba esinqunyiwe ingalungile ezilwaneni ezihlukahlukene , kodwa umlando womuntu wesifo sofuba ubonisa ukuthi le miphumela kufanele ibe yinto enhle, bese kuthi omunye uhlolo, olubizwa ngokuthi i-intradermal test test, lwenziwa.
Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba kwe-Intradermal, okufaka umjovo we-allergen ehlanjululwayo okhishwe ngaphansi kwengqimba ephezulu yesikhumba ngenaliti, angakwazi ukuhlonza abantu abaningi abanesifo sofuba kunesidingo sokuhlola esiwodwa . Ngeshwa, ukuhlolwa kwe-intradermal isikhumba kungabangela imiphumela emibi, futhi lezi zivivinyo azikwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa kwemithi yokudla.
Isivivinyo sesikhumba sikhombisa isifo sokugula esincane. Ithuluzi eliwusizo abantu ukuba babone (futhi bazizwe) ukuhlolwa kwabo kwesikhumba okuhle ku-cat dander, ngokwesibonelo, ukuqonda ukuthi bayamelana namakati. Lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho kwezemfundo kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunokunikeza umuntu umbiko we-positive cat test test allergies eyenziwa ngokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwegazi.
Ukuhlolwa Kwemithi Yokwelashwa Kwenziwe Njani Ekulweni Kwegazi?
Ukuhlolwa kwe- radioallergosorbent (RAST) kuyindlela engaphelelwa yisikhathi yokuhlolwa kokunciphisa umzimba okubandakanya ukulinganisa ama-antibodies aqondene nokugula okuvela kwisampula yegazi. Ngenkathi i-RAST isatholakala, izinhlobo ezintsha zokuhlolwa kwegazi ngenxa yezifo zibandakanya ukusebenzisa ama-immunosorbent (ELISA) axhumene ne-enzyme (i-ELISA), okubandakanya ukubopha kwama-antibodies esiphundu kwisampula segazi ku-allergen, okuholela ekushintsheni kombala lapho unjiniyela yengezwe. Ubumnyama balolu shintsho lombala lungalinganiswa futhi luhunyushwe endaweni yokuhlushwa noma inani le-antibody eliphikisayo e-sampuli yegazi. Ngenkathi izinga lokuhlolwa kwegazi lokuphuza igazi liye lathuthuka eminyakeni yamuva nje, kusalokhu kunqunyelwe inani lokuhlolwa olutholakalayo, kanye nesilinganiso esincane sezilwane ezincane ezitholakala ekuvivinyeni okuthile (njenge-pollen ethile noma i-pet dander).
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi lokungenwa kwesifo somzimba kusanda kusebenza kakhulu ekuxilongweni nasekulawulweni kwemithi yokudla, noma kunjalo. Ngesikhathi ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba ekudleni kungahlinzeka umqondo, ngokususelwa ebukhulu bokuphendula, ngabe umuntu uyasabela ngempela ekudleni, ukuhlolwa kwegazi okungenwa yilutho kunomthelela empeleni kulinganisa inani le-antibody elithathelisayo ekudleni. Leli nani lingasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi ingane ingase ihambisane nokudla okubangelwa ukudla, isibonelo.
Izindleko eziphezulu zokuhlolwa kwegazi, okungafani nokuhlolwa kwesibisi esincane kakhulu, kanye nokulibaziseka emiphumeleni yamalanga kuya kwamasonto, futhi kwenza kube okungathandeki kunokuba kuhlolwe isikhumba. Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba kuyaqhubeka nokuhlolwa okungcono, kunemiphumela emibi engamanga kanye namanga amanga.
Ingabe Ukuvivinywa Kokulwa Nezifo Kuphephile?
Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba kuphephe kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma kwenziwa isifo sofuba esitholakalayo ekutholeni ukutholakala kwemithi . Umzimba wonke ukuphendula okwe-allergenic, ngezinye izikhathi okubizwa ngokuthi i-anaphylaxis, kuyinto engavamile kakhulu ekuhlolweni kwesikhumba. Kodwa-ke, kunikezwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi i- anaphylaxis ingenzeka ngenxa yalokho, ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ehhovisi likadokotela nemishini etholakalayo yokwelashwa okunjalo.
Izingane ezincane zingabuye zihlolwe ngokuphepha, kuhlanganise nezinsana. Ngokuvamile, izinsana zithatha izivivinyo zokudla kokudla, nakuba zingase zibe nesifo semfuyo noma isilwane somzimba. Izingane ezineminyaka engaphansi kwengu-2 zingase zibe ne-reactivity encane yokuhlolwa kwezikhumba.
Njengoba ukuhlolwa kwegazi kokungenwa kwemvelo kuhilela ukuhlolwa kwegazi emzimbeni wegazi lomuntu, akunakwenzeka ukuthi lo muntu uzokwakha ukusabela okweqile ngenxa yokuhlolwa. Kodwa-ke, ithuba lokuba umuntu abe nomthelela ohlangothini wokudweba igazi, njengokuphelelwa amandla, ukuphapha ngokweqile, noma ukutheleleka, empeleni kuphakeme kunomphumela wecala kusuka ekuhlolweni kokungezwani komzimba.
Amaqembu athile abantu akakwazi ukuhlolwa kwesilonda, ngakho-ke ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kwegazi kuyisimo esingcono kakhulu. La maqembu ahlanganisa labo abangenakuyeka imishanguzo yabo ye-antihistamine; labo abanesikhumba esibucayi (futhi "ukusabela" ekulawuleni okungalungile), labo abaphatha imithi ethile yegazi (njenge- beta-blockers ), nalabo abanesimo esibucayi senhliziyo namaphaphu ababeka engozini enkulu uma i- anaphylaxis ingenzeka.
Ngabe Umuntu Kufanele Abe Nenselele Yonke I-Allergen?
Ukunciphisa umuntu ukuba i-allergen kusho ukuthi lowo muntu uboniswa ngamabomu kulesi sici, njengokuthi lowo muntu udle ukudla okusolakala ukuthi kunomdlavuza. Izinselele zokudla zivame ukuqhutshwa ukuze zibone ukuthi ingane ivele yini ingozi yokungezwani kokudla, noma uma ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba kunempela kubonisa ukungezwani komzimba. Izinselele zokudla zingase zibe yingozi kakhulu futhi kufanele zenziwe kuphela ngodokotela ababhekene nezifo eziphuthumayo ezisebenzisayo.
Ukuncintisana nomuntu ku-allergen engezona ukudla, njenge-pollen noma i-pet dander, ngokuvamile ayenzi ngendlela yokubeka ihhovisi; Kodwa-ke, lezi zivivinyo zingenziwa ezikoleni zezifundo noma zocwaningo.
Ufuna ukuqhubeka ufunda? Buka ukuthi kuhlolwa kanjani isikhumba .
> Umthombo:
> Izindlela Zokuzijwayeza Zokuzivocavoca Ukuhlolwa Kwemithi Yokuzifola Kwezilwane. Ann Ukuzivocavoca Isifo Somoya Immunol. 1995; 75 (6): 543-625.