Imithi yeHay Fever
I-Hay Fever Treatment: Ukusetshenziswa Kwemithi Yezinkinga Zobungozi
Uma izinyathelo zokugwema zingaphumeleli noma zingenakwenzeka, abantu abaningi bazodinga imithi yokwelapha izimpawu zabo zokugula ezibangelwa i-rhinitis . Ukukhethwa kwemithi kuncike emibuthanweni eminingi okufanele iphendulwe ngudokotela noma umuntu:
1. Zibi kangakanani izimpawu?
2. Ziyini izimpawu?
3. Imiphi imithi umuntu angayithola (phezu kwekhasi, imithi)?
4. Ngiyiphi imithi umuntu angayithatha?
5. Ingabe imithi iyadingeka nsuku zonke noma ngezikhathi ezithile?
6. Yimiphi imiphumela emibi engase ibe nayo kumuthi?
Ama-antihistamine omlomo. Lesi yisigaba esivame kakhulu semithi esetshenziselwa i-rhinitis ye-allergen. I-antihistamines yesizukulwane sokuqala, efaka i-Benadryl®, ngokuvamile ibhekwa njengendawo yokuhlala ejwayelekile ukuze isebenzise njalo. Le mithi iboniswe ukuthi ithinte ukusebenza komsebenzi futhi iguqule ikhono lomuntu lokusebenzisa imoto.
Ama-antihistamine esanda kusha, okwesibini wesibili manje abe yindlela yokwelashwa yokuqala kubantu abane-rhinitis ye-allergen. Le mithi kadokotela ihlanganisa i-cetirizine (i-Zyrtec®), i-fexofenadine (i-Allegra®), ne-desloratadine (i-Clarinex®). I-Loratadine (i-Claritin®, i-Alavert® namafomu ajwayelekile) manje itholakale ngaphezu kwekhawunt.
Le mithi inenzuzo yokuba engabizi kakhulu, kulula kubantu ukuthi bathathe, iqale ukusebenza phakathi namahora ambalwa, ngakho-ke inganikezwa ngokuthi "njengento edingekayo".
Imithi ingcono kakhulu ekwelapheni ukhala, impumu egijima, nokushaya kwekhaleni ngenxa yokuhlushwa kwe-rhinitis. Imiphumela emibi ayidlangalaleni, futhi ihlanganisa ukuhlelwa kwezinga eliphansi noma ukulala, kodwa kuncane kakhulu kune-antihistamines yesizukulwane sokuqala.
I-steroids yama-nasal ephezulu. Leli klasi lemithi yokuphuza imithi cishe liphumelela kakhulu ekwelapheni ukwelashwa kwemisipha, kanye ne -rhinitis engeyona i-allergenic .
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-salidal nasal emasethekeni, futhi zonke zikhona nge-odokotela. Abanye abantu baqaphela ukuthi iphunga elilodwa noma liyakuthanda kangcono kunomunye, kodwa bonke basebenza ngokufanayo.
Leli qembu lemithi lihlanganisa u-fluticasone (Flonase®), i-mometasone (i-Nasonex®), i-budesonide (i-Rhinocort Aqua®), i-flunisolide (i-Nasarel®), i-triamcinolone (i-Nasacort AQ®) ne-beclomethasone (i-Beconase AQ®).
I-steroid ye-nasal ihle kakhulu ekulawuleni izimpawu ze-rhinitis ezigulayo. Nokho, ama-sprays adingeka ukuthi asetshenziswe nsuku zonke ngomphumela omuhle kakhulu ngakho-ke angasebenzi kahle uma kudingeka. Imiphumela emibi iyancipha futhi inqunyelwe ukucasuka kwamanzi kanye nokuphuza kwempumu. Ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zinhlayiya zomzimba kufanele kumiswe uma ukucasuka noma ukuphuma kwegazi kuqhubeka noma kunzima.
Amanye ama-sprays kadokotela. Kunamanye ama-sprays amabili asemthethweni ayatholakala, i-antihistamine yama-nasal ne-antial-cholinergic. I-anti-histamine, i-azelastine (i-Astelin®), isebenza ngokuphumelelayo ekunakekeleni i-rhinitis ye-allergen ne-non-allergenic. Iphatha zonke izimpawu zangasese ezifana ne-nasal steroids, futhi kufanele zisetshenziselwe njalo umphumela omuhle. Imiphumela emibi ngokuvamile ibumnene futhi ihlanganisa ukucasuka kwendawo yangasese neminye imibiko yokulala, njengoba i-antihistamine yesizukulwane sokuqala.
I-nasal ipratropium (i-Atrovent nasal®) isebenza ukuze imise imicengezi yomzimba, futhi iboniswe ekunakekeleni i-rhinitis ye-allergen, i-rhinitis engelahleki kanye nezimpawu zendiza evamile. Isebenza kahle ekuphatheni "ikhala elikhukhulayo", kepha ngeke liphathe izimpawu zokuswakama noma ukuphazamiseka kwamanzi. Imiphumela emibi imnene futhi ivame ukufaka ukucasuka kwendawo yangasese nokoma.
I-sprays engaphezulu kwe-counter-counter. Leli qembu lihlanganisa i-cromolyn nasal spray (NasalCrom®) nama-decongestant angama-topical afana ne-oxymetazoline (Afrin®) ne-phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine®). I-Cromolyn isebenza ngokuvimbela izimpawu ze-rhinitis eziqhamukayo kuphela uma zisetshenziselwa ngaphambi kokuvezwa kwezimbangela zokugula.
Ngakho-ke, le mithi ayisebenzi ngokusemthethweni.
Izidakamizwa zezintambo ziwusizo ekwelapheni ukucinana komzimba. Le mithi kufanele isetshenziswe ngezikhathi ezinqunyelwe ezinsukwini ezintathu njalo emavikini amabili; uma kungenjalo kungaba khona ukuqhuma komzimba okubizwa ngokuthi i-rhinitis medicamentosa.
Imiphumela emibi yalezi zingenhla kokubili ilula futhi ihlanganisa ukucasuka komzimba kanye nokuphuma kwegazi, kepha izidakamizwa ze-decongestants kufanele zisetshenziswe ngokucophelela ezigulini ezinezinkinga zenhliziyo noma zegazi.
Ama-decongestants omlomo. Ama-decongestants omlomo, noma ngaphandle kwama-antihistamine omlomo, imithi ewusizo ekukhatheni ukucinana kwesisu kubantu abane-rhinitis ye-allergen. Leli klasi lemithi lihlanganisa i-pseudoephrine (i-Sudafed®), i-phenylephrine, nemikhiqizo enhlanganisela eminingi. Imikhiqizo yehlanganisela ye-Decongestant / antihistamine (njenge-Allegra-D®, i-Zyrtec-D®, i-Clarinex-D® ne-Claritin-D® iboniswa ngokuphatha i-rhinitis ye-allergen kubantu abaneminyaka engu-12 ubudala nangaphezulu.
Leli klasi lemithi lisebenza kahle ngokusetshenziswa kwesinye isikhathi futhi okudingekayo, kodwa imiphumela emibi ekusebenziseni isikhathi eside ingabandakanya ukungalahleki, ukukhanda ikhanda, ukucindezelwa kwegazi okwedlulele, ukushaya kwenhliziyo ngokushesha nokukhathazeka.
Izivimbela ze-leukotriene. I-Montelukast (i-Singulair®), yasungulwa ekuqaleni kwe-asthma eminyakeni engaba ngu-10 eyedlule, futhi manje ivunyelwe ukwelashwa kwe-rhinitis ye-allergen. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi le mithi ayiphumeli ekuphulukiseni izifo ezinjenge-oral anti-histamines, kepha kungcono ekuphatheni ukucinana komzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhlanganisela ye-montelukast kanye ne-antihistamine yomlomo ingase ibe ngcono ekwelapheni ukwelashwa kunomuthi kuphela.
I-Montelukast ingase ibe nenzuzo ethile kubantu abane-asthma ethambile ne-allergenic rhinitis, njengoba kuboniswa kokubili izimo zezokwelapha. Umuthi kufanele uthathwe nsuku zonke ukuze uthole imiphumela emihle, futhi ngokuvamile uthatha izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukusebenza.
Imiphumela emibi ngokuvamile ilula futhi ihlanganisa ikhanda, izinhlungu zesisu kanye nokukhathala.
Ufuna ukuqhubeka ufunda? Thola ukuphela kokwelashwa okungaba khona komzimba.
Umthombo:
Dykewicz MS, Fineman S, abahleli. Ukuxilongwa Nokuphathwa Kwe-Rhinitis: Imihlahlandlela Ephelele Yomsebenzi Ohlangene Ngama-Practice Parameters Inergy, Asthma and Immunology.