Akuwona wonke umuntu obhekana nezimpawu ezifanayo zokuhlaselwa kwe-macular. Abanye abantu babhekana nezimpawu ezinzima kakhulu futhi ukulahlekelwa kancane kombono kuqhathaniswa nabanye. Yize kungenzeka ukuba uhlale ungene embonweni ojwayelekile iminyaka eminingi naphezu kokukhubazeka kwe-macular, isifo seso kubhekwa njengokuthuthuka futhi ngokuvamile siba sibi nakakhulu.
Izimpawu eziningi azibangeli ubuhlungu.
Ngenxa yokuthi ingozi yezinkinga zamehlo, kuhlanganise ne-AMD, iyanda ngemva kweminyaka engama-40, kubalulekile ukuba nesilingo esiphezulu sokuhlola iso njalo ngonyaka.
Izimpawu Eziqinekile
Ukulahleka kombono kwamacala okuqala we-macular degeneration kuye kancane kangangokuthi abantu abaningi abakuboni. Njengoba lesi sifo sithuthuka, kungase kube nokulahlekelwa okujulile noma ukukhonjiswa kombono ophakathi, ngenkathi umbono wesiphambano ungaguquki ngendlela efanayo.
Udokotela wakho angase abone ukuba khona kwe-macular degeneration ngaphambi kokuba uthuthukise izimpawu zesifo. Esikhathini sokuqala, udokotela wakho angase abone ukugubha noma ukuchitha imfucumfucu ebusweni be-retina yakho. Ngezinye izikhathi ushintsho lombala lungenzeka ngaphakathi kwe-macula.
Izimpawu Zokuqala
Ukulahleka kombono ezimweni eziningi ze-macular degeneration kancane kancane. Eqinisweni, abantu abaningi abaqapheli izimpawu kuze kube yilapho lesi sifo sithuthukile kakhulu.
Ekuqaleni, izithombe ezivame ukubonakala zicacile futhi zibukhali kaningi ziba khona.
Njengoba lesi sifo sithuthuka singakwazi ukuhlanekezela, sikhuliswe, sibe namafu, sibumnyama noma sibonakele. Ungase uhlangane:
- Ukuhlanekezela okubonakalayo (imigqa eqondile ibonakala igobile)
- Ukunciphisa umbono ophakathi komunye noma kokubili amehlo
- Isidingo sokukhanya okukhanyayo uma ufunda noma wenza eduze komsebenzi
- Kunzima ukuvumelanisa namazinga aphansi okukhanya, njengokungena ekamelweni elincane elikhanyisiwe
- I-Blurriness yamagama aphrintiwe
- Kunciphise amandla noma imibala ekhanyayo
- Ubunzima bokubona ubuso
Izimpawu ezithuthukisiwe
Njengoba izimpawu ziqhubeka, umbono ungase ube mbi kakhulu, mhlawumbe uthinte ikhono lakho lokwenza izinto ezifana nokufunda, ukushayela nokubona ubuso. Izimpawu zingabandakanya i-drusen emikhulu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi indawo ecacile phakathi kwombono wakho. Indawo ecacile ingase iqhubeke ikhula futhi ibumnyama. Imisebenzi eqondile efana nokufunda nokubhala kuyoba nzima nakakhulu. Kwezinye izimo zokuhlaselwa kwe-macular ephakeme, umbono ungalahleka ngokuphelele ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi ubumpumputhe obungapheli bungenzeka.
Izinhlobo ze-AMD
I-AMD ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezimbili, "eyomile" futhi "emanzi," nefomu elomile elenza amaphesenti angu-90 wamacala.
- I-AMD eyomile: Izingxenye ze-macula zitholakale zinomzimba omncane nangama-clumps amancane amaprotheni ezenziwe nge-lipids okuthiwa i-drusen ikhula. Umbono ophakathi ulahlekile kancane. I-macular degermation eyomile nayo ibizwa ngokuthi yi-non-exudative macular degeneration.
- I-AMD emanzi: Izitsha ezintsha ezingavamile zegazi zikhula ngaphansi kwe-retina. Lezi zitsha zingase zivuza igazi noma ezinye izikhukhula, okubangela ukonakala kwe-macula. Ukulahleka kombono kuyingozi kakhulu. Ukuwohloka okumanzi okumanzi kubizwa njengokungalahleki kwe-macular.
Nini Ukubona Udokotela
Uma unomlando womndeni we-macular degeneration, ikakhulukazi ngokulahleka kombono okwedlulele, kuhle kakhulu ukuhlela ukuhlolwa kwamehlo wonyaka wezokwelapha.
Kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi kufanele ube nokuhlolwa okuphelele ngokuhlenga umfundi, hhayi ukuhlola okulula okubonwa udokotela wakho wokunakekela oyinhloko. Lezi zivivinyo zingenziwa yi-optometrist noma i-ophthalmologist.
Futhi, ukubhema nokuba nesifo senhliziyo kuyandisa ingozi yokuthuthukisa lesi sifo. Uma unesinye salezi zimo, qinisekisa ukuthi ubeka iso ukuhlolwa esimisweni sakho njalo ngonyaka.
Njengoba ukubola kwe-macular kungathuthuka ngokushesha kwezinye izimo, shayela udokotela wakho wezandla masinyane uma ubona noma yikuphi kwalokhu kushintsho okulandelayo:
- Ulahlekelwe ngokungazelelwe, ngokushesha.
- Uyabona indawo entsha noma engacacile phakathi kwombono wakho.
- Imigqa eqondile ibonakala i-wavy noma ijika, noma izinto ziqala ukushintsha usayizi noma ukuma noma zivele zihlanekezelwe.
- Uyabona okunye okulandelayo kumgridi we-Amsler: imigqa eguqukayo noma ebonakala i-wavy neyigubhu, noma indawo engenalutho ongazange uyiqaphele ngaphambi kwegridi.
Izinhlobo ezithile ze-macular degeneration zingathuthuka ngokushesha kodwa zingaphendula ukwelashwa uma zibanjwa ngesikhathi. Bheka udokotela wakho wezandla uma ubona noma yikuphi okulandelayo:
- Izinguquko kumbono wakho ophakathi
- Ukunciphisa ikhono lakho lokubona imibala nemininingwane emihle
Lezi zinguquko zingase zibe yisibonakaliso sokuqala se-macular degeneration, ikakhulukazi uma useneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50. Ukukhubazeka kwe-Macular cishe kuthinta ngaso sonke isikhathi amehlo womabili, kodwa kungase kube kubi nakwesinye iso. Kubalulekile uma uhlola umbono wakho ekhaya ukuhlola iso ngalinye ngokuzimela. Gcoba iso bese uhlola elinye iso bese ushintsha elinye. Uma uhlola njalo, kuzoba lula ukubona izinguquko ezicashile.
Umthombo:
Boyd, Kierstan. "Kuyini ukuguqulwa kwe-Macular?" I-American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO). 1 Mashi 2017.