Isizathu esiqondile sokwehla kwe- macular , okuvame ukubizwa nge-AMD noma i-ARMD (ukuguqulwa kwe-macular degeneration), akuyaziwa-iqiniso elikhungathekisayo ngeziguli kanye nodokotela ngokufanayo, njengoba isimo siyisisusa esiholela ekulahlekelweni kombono nasebumpumputhe kubantu baseMelika abaneminyaka engama-65 ubudala endala. Lokho kusho ukuthi kunezici ezinobungozi ze-AMD-ezinye zazo ongathonya kuyo, njengokubhema, ukukhuluphala, nokushisa kwelanga, nabanye okungeke ukwazi, njengama-age kanye nezakhi zofuzo.
Izingozi Ezivamile Zengozi
Ukukhula kwesikhathi
Ubudala buyinto ebaluleke kakhulu engozini yokulahlekelwa kwe-macular. Amaphesenti angamashumi amabili nanhlanu abantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-65 no-74 banokukhubazeka okukhulu, kuyilapho kuthinta amaphesenti angu-33 alabo abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-75.
Ubulili
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi unengozi encane kakhulu yokuthuthukisa ukubola kwesimo se-macular uma ungowesifazane.
Kubonakala sengathi kunesixhumanisi phakathi kokuqala kokunqamuka kwesikhashana nokuguqulwa kwe-macular. Abesifazane abanesimiso sokuqala esikhathini sokuqala baqala ukuhlaselwa kwe-macular maduzane. Eqinisweni, kukhona uphenyo oluphenya indima ye-estrogen ekwelapheni kwe-macular degeneration.
Futhi, ngoba abesifazane bavame ukuhlala isikhathi eside, basengozini enkulu yokubhekana nokulahlekelwa kombono onzima lapho behlushwa i-AMD kunamadoda anesimo, njengoba iqhubeka nesikhathi.
I-Genetics
Ukwehla kwe-macular akudluli ngokuthembeka, kodwa izici eziphilayo zingadlala indima.
Umlando womndeni
Ukuba nomlando womndeni wokuguqulwa kwama-macular okuhlobene neminyaka kuye kwaboniswa ukwandisa ingozi ngamaphesenti angu-50. Uma unamalungu omndeni ane-macular degeneration, kufanele uqaphele ezinye izici ezingozini futhi uqiniseke ukuthi uya kuhlolwa kokubuka njalo.
Umjaho
Ukuguqulwa kwe-macular ehlobene nobudala yiyona imbangela ehamba phambili yobumpumputhe kubantu baseMelika abamhlophe asebekhulile. Lesi sifo asivamile kakhulu kubantu bezinye izinhlanga, kodwa kungenzeka.
Umbala Wamehlo
Nakuba kungasazi ukuthi yini ebangele lesi sifo, inani lezingulube ezikhona ezicubu zeso lingadlala indima. Abantu abanemibala yeso elibukeka kubonakala bengengozini enkulu yokubola kwe-macular kunabantu abanamehlo amnyama.
Izifo ze-Stargardt
Isifo se-Stargardt yisimo esivame kakhulu sokuhlukunyezwa kwe-juvenile macular, esithinta izingane ezingu-10 ku-10 000 e-United States.
Esikhathini se-Stargardt's, kukhona isici sezakhi zofuzo esibangela ukuthi izithombe ze- photoreceptors zaso zife. Ukulahlekelwa kombono kuqala kancane kancane bese kuqhubeka ngokushesha, kuthinta umbono ophakathi kakhulu kangangokuthi kubangele umuntu othintekile ukuba abe yimpumputhe ngokomthetho ngenkathi egcina umbono wendawo.
Kungatholakala ukuthi uneminyaka engama-6 ubudala futhi kuvame ukubonakala ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-20. Kungenzeka ukuthi ube nesifo futhi ungazi kuze kube ngu-40. Lesi simo sithinta abesilisa nabesifazane ngokulinganayo.
I-Vitelliform I-Dystrophy Macular ne-Best Disease
Inhlobo yesibili evamile ye-juvenile macular degeneration yi-Vitelliform macular dystrophy, ebizwa nangokuthi isifo esihle kakhulu uma iqala ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-6.
I-Vitelliform i-dystrophy ye-macular yisimo esiyinzalo esiqala esikhathini esincane kakhulu kunesifo se-Stargardt. Ukulahleka kombono kungase kwenzeke noma kungenzeki ekuqaleni. Kutholakale ukubonwa kwezicubu eziphuzi, ezinamafutha e-macula, ezitholakala ekuhlolweni kweso.
Izimo zezeMpilo
Ukucindezelwa Kwegazi Eliphakeme Nezifo Zenhliziyo
Ukushisa komfutho nezinye izifo zenhliziyo kanye nezimo zandisa amathuba okuthuthukisa ukubola kwesimo se-macular. Ukwehla kwe-Macular kuhlotshaniswa nezinguquko ezinkulu ezisezintweni emehlweni, futhi kukholelwa ukuthi izici ezithinta izifo zenhliziyo kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme zingase zibe nomthelela ekwenzeni isimo se-macular degeneration.
Ukukhuluphala
Ukuqhathanisa kakhulu akuhlanganisi kuphela nokukhula kwe-macular ukuhlaselwa komdala kodwa izinhlobo ezinzima zesimo, njenge-geographic decular degeneration kanye ne-neovascular macular degeneration, noma ngabe kungani kungenakhonkolo.
Indlela yokuphila
Ezinye izici zokuphila ziye zahlotshaniswa nokuthuthukiswa kwe-macular degeneration:
Ukubhema
Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukubhema kwandisa ingozi yokuhlaselwa kwe-macular. Isizathu esiqondile salokhu akucaci, kodwa ukubhema kukhulisa ingozi yezifo ze-vascular ngokujwayelekile, futhi ukungabi khona kwegazi kwesitsha segazi kuyinxenye enkulu yenqubo yesifo ku-degular degeneration.
Ukuvezwa kwelanga
Ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi elangeni ngaphandle kwezibuko zokuzivikela ze-ultraviolet kubonakala ukusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-macular degeneration. Abacwaningi bathole ukuthi abantu abanemlando yokudalwa isikhathi eside, okungavimbelwe ukukhanya kwelanga kwakunezimo ezingaphezu kokukhubazeka okukhulu kwe-macular kunalabo abangenalo ukuchayeka okunjalo.
Ukudla / Ukuntuleka Kwemvelo
Ama-antioxidants angakuvikela amangqamuzana akho ekulimaleni okubangelwa yi-oxidative, okuyingxenye ethile enomthwalo wemiphumela eminingi yokuguga, kufaka phakathi ukuguqulwa kwe-macular. Uma unamazinga aphansi amavithamini we-antioxidant namaminerali afana ne-zinc, i-vitamin A, i-vitamin C, ne-vitamin E, ungase ube nenengozi enkulu yokuthuthukisa ukulahleka kombono okuhlobene nokuguqulwa kwe-macular.
Izifundo zibonisa nokuthi abantu abanokudla okunamafutha aphezulu banamathuba amabili okuthuthukisa ukuwohloka okumanzi okumanzi, okuyinto ifomu eliphambili lesimo.
> Imithombo:
> DeAngelis MM, Owen LA, Morrison MA, et al. Izakhi zofuzo zokukhubazeka kwama-macular (AMD) ahlobene nobudala. I-Hum Mol Genet. 2017 Aug 1; 26 (R1): R45-R50. i-doi: 10.1093 / hmg / ddx228.
> Kim K, Kim H, Vijayakumar A, Kwon O, Chang N. Izinhlangano phakathi kwezithelo nemifino, nokudla okunomsoco we-nutrient nut and age-related macular degeneration ngesimo sokubhema kumadoda asekhulile aseKorea. I-Nutr J. 2017 Dec 4; 16 (1): 77. i-doi: 10.1186 / s12937-017-0301-2.
> Myers CE, Klein BE, Gangnon R, Sivakumaran TA, Iyengar SK, Klein R. Ukubhema ugwayi kanye nomlando wemvelo wokuhlaselwa kwe-macular yobudala: i-Beaver Dam Eye Study. I-ophthalmology. 2014 Oct; 121 (10): 1949-55. i-doi: 10.1016 / j.ophtha.2014.04.040. Epub 2014 Jun 20.
> Woo SJ, Ahn J, Morrison MA, et al. Ukuhlaziywa Kwezinto Zengozi ZamaGenesis Nezemvelo Nokusebenzisana Kwaso Ezigulini zaseKorea ezinezikhathi ezihlobene nobudala be-Macular. PLoS One. 2015 Jul 14; 10 (7): e0132771. i-doi: 10.1371 / iphephandaba.pone.0132771. eCollection 2015.
> Xie J Ikram MK Cotch MF et al. I-Association of Diabetes Macular Edema ne-Retinopathy Eyisifo Sikashukela Ngezifo Zezinhliziyo: Ukubuyekezwa Okuhlelekile nokuhlaziywa kwe-Meta. I-JAMA Ophthalmol. 2017 Jun 1; 135 (6): 586-593. doi: 10.1001 / jamaophthalmol.2017.0988.