Ama-ophthalmologists kanye nama-optometrists ahlolisisa ukukhubazeka kwe-macular ngokubheka ezinye izimbangela zokushintsha kombono, njenge- glaucoma noma i-astigmatism. Ukuxilongwa okunembile kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa inhlanganisela yokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo nokuhlolwa okuqondile, okufana nesithombe sokubuyiselwa emuva, i-angiography kanye nokuhambisana kokukhanya kwe-tomography.
Ukuhlolwa Kwamehlo Namavivinyo
Ukuze uhlole ukuchithwa kwe-macular , i-ophthalmologist noma i-optometrist izokwenza ukuhlolwa kwe-eye okuphelele.
Ngokuhlanza amehlo akho, udokotela wakho uzokwazi ukubona umbono ophakanyisiwe we-macula. Ukufunda i-macula nezinye izakhiwo zeso kuzosiza udokotela wakho ukuba ahlolwe futhi angabandakanya ukuhlolwa okulandelayo.
I-Dilated Eye Exam
Udokotela wakho uzothuthukisa abafundi bakho ngamaconsi ehlohlo ukuze ubuke ngemuva kwe- retina yakho. Ukuxilonga kwenza ukuba udokotela ahlole i-retina ngezibonakaliso zesifo nomonakalo we-optic nerve. Ukuhlolwa okuhlolisisiwe kwe-retinal kuvumela udokotela ukubona umbono ophakanyisiwe we-macula.
Udokotela wakho angase abone ukubonakala okufakwe emanzini okubangelwa izinguquko zezingulube ku-macula. Futhi, ukudonswa kungabonwa. I-Drusen ibhekisela kumaliphothi enombala ophuzi okwenza ngaphansi kwe-retina.
Ophthalmoscopy
I-ophthalmoscope iyisitsha esetshenziselwa ukuhlola izakhiwo zangaphakathi zeso, ikakhulukazi i-retina. Iqukethe isibuko esibonisa ukukhanya esweni kanye nomgodi ophakathi lapho iso lihlolwe khona.
Udokotela wakho uzokwazi ukubona noma yimuphi umonakalo noma izinguquko ku-retina ne-macula.
I-Fluorescein Angiography
Odokotela bazosebenzisa indlela yokujola idayi ekhethekile engxenyeni yegazi, bese uthatha ukusabalalisa kwaladayi ngaphakathi kweso lakho. Uma kuvela ama-patches e-fluorescent, udokotela wakho angase asole imithwalo yegazi emithini ye-retina.
I-Optical Coherence Tomography
Okubizwa nangokuthi i- OCT , lokhu kuhlolwa kuyindlela yama-optometrists kanye nama-ophthalmologists ukufanekisa ngemuva kweso lakho, kufaka phakathi i-macula, i-optic nererve, i-retina, ne-choroid. I-OCT ingakwazi ukubona izifunda ze-retina ezincane, ezibonisa ukuba khona kwe-atrophy yezwe. Isivivinyo se-OCT sikwazi ukukhombisa izinguquko ku-retina ngemininingwane eminingi kunanoma iyiphi enye into.
I-Tonometry
I-Tonometry iyivivinyo ukukala ukucindezela ngaphakathi kwamehlo akho, okubhekwa njengengcindezi ye-intraocular eye (IOP). Ukucindezeleka kwamehlo okuphakeme kungalimaza izintambo ezinesibindi ngemuva kweso lakho, ngezinye izikhathi kubangele ukungaboni.
Nakuba ukucindezeleka kwamehlo okuphakeme akuhlobene ngqo nokuguqulwa kwe-macular, kwenziwa ukulawula ezinye izifo, kuhlanganise ne-glaucoma. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukulahleka kombono kuvela ezifweni ze-macular noma ezinye izingxenye zeso.
I-Fundus Imaging Autofluorescence
Le ndlela yokucabanga isebenzisa i-fluorescence yemvelo yomzimba ukutadisha i-retina. Izakhiwo ezithile emzimbeni zizokhanya lapho zibonakala zikhanya. Izigcawu ze-atrophied ze-iso azikhanyisi, okungase kubonise ukuxilongwa kwe-macular degeneration.
I-Amsler Grid
Ophthalmologist wakho angakucela ukuthi ubuke igridi ye-Amsler. Le gridi izokusiza ukuba uqaphele noma yikuphi okufiphala noma izindawo ezingenalutho emkhakheni wombono wakho.
Ukuhlola Ukuhlola / Ukuhlolwa Kwekhaya
Izinguquko ezingalindelekile embonweni wakho kufanele zibikwe kudokotela wakho, njengoba ngezinye izikhathi izinguquko zingabonisa ukuqala kokukhubazeka kwe-macular. Abanye abantu ngokungazelelwe babone ukungavumelani lapho bebuka izinto ezinjenge-miniblinds noma ezinye izinto ngemigqa eqondile. Eminye imigqa ingase i-apper ibe yi-wavy noma ingavumelani neminye imigqa. Ungakwazi ukuhlola ngokushesha umbono wakho ekhaya negridi ye-Amsler.
Indlela yokusebenzisa i-Amsler Grid
Igridi ye-Amsler kufanele igcinwe endaweni lapho uzoyibheka khona nsuku zonke, njengokungathi kumnyango wesiqandisisi noma uxhumeke kwisibuko sokugezela.
Bheka ukuthi igridi imile cishe ngamasentimitha angu-12 kuya kwangu-15. Qinisekisa ukuthi ugqoke izibuko zakho zokufunda uma uzigqoka njalo.
Ukumboza iso elilodwa, bheka ngqo ephashazi enkabeni yegridi ngehlo lakho elingafundiwe. Qaphela uma noma yimiphi imigqa ibonakala ifakwe noma i-wavy. Hlola futhi ukubona ukuthi ngabe iyiphi ingxenye yegridi ibonakala ibonakala, idlulile, noma ingenanani. Manje faka enye iso lakho uphinde uhlole umbono wakho ngendlela efanayo.
Shayela i-ophthalmologist yakho noma i-optometrist ngokushesha uma ubona noma yikuphi ushintsho grid. I-AMD ibangele izinguquko zombono ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukuphatha lezi zinguquko kusenesikhathi kungasiza ukunciphisa noma ukuvimbela ukulahleka kombono okuqhubekayo. I-American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) inikeze igridi e-Amsler ewusizo ukuze ube lula.
Imizamo Yokuhlola Isiso
I-American Academy of Ophthalmology incoma ukuthi wonke umuntu oneminyaka engama-40 no-54 abe nesiso esiphezulu sokuhlola okungenani njalo eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemibili ukusiza ukuthola i-AMD ekuqaleni. Ngeminyaka yobudala engama-55, abantu abadala kufanele bahlele ukuhlolwa kweso njalo eminyakeni emithathu.
Umthombo:
Boyd, Kierstan. "Ukuxilongwa Kwe-Macular Degeneration: I-AMD ihlolwe kanjani?" I-American Academy of Ophthalmology, 1 Mashi 2017.