I-telangiectasia yama-macular, ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi idiopathic juxtafoveal macular telangiectasia (futhi isifinyeziwe i-MacTel), isifo esibathinta ingxenye yeso elibizwa ngokuthi i-macula, okwenza kube khona ukulimala noma ukulahleka kombono ophakathi. I-macula iyingxenye ye-retina, isendlalelo esibucayi esilula emuva kweso. I-macula ivumela ukuba sibe nombono omuhle, oningiliziwe, ocacile ophakathi.
I-telangiectasia ye-macular ibangela izifo ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi encane ethinta i-fovea yesikhungo, isikhungo se-macula.
Izinhlobo
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-telangiectasia yama-macular, Uhlobo 1 nohlobo lwesi-2.
Thayipha i-telangiectasia ye-macular ye-1, ifomu elingajwayelekile, ngokuvamile lithinta iso elilodwa kuphela. Izitsha zegazi ku-macula ziyancipha futhi zakha ama-microaneurysms. I-microaneurysms yi-pouchings encane ephuma emithanjeni yegazi. I-flux ingazakhela endaweni ye-macular ebangela ukuvuvukala nokulahlekelwa umbono.
Uhlobo lwe-2 macular telangiectasia luvame kakhulu. Izitsha zegazi ku-macula zihlanjululwa futhi zivuza amanzi okuvuza nokukhuphuka okungaholela ekulahlekelweni kombono. Ngezinye izikhathi izitsha zegazi ezintsha zikhula ngaphansi kwe-macula, ezithinta ama-photoreceptor ase-macular nokudala ukulahlekelwa kombono. Uhlobo 2 luvame ukuphazamisa kokubili amehlo nobabili bobulili, ngokuphambene nohlobo lwe-1, okuyinto evame ukuthinta iso elilodwa kuphela.
(Uhlobo lwesithathu lwe-macali telangiectasia lukhona kodwa aluvamile kakhulu.
Iziguli ezineThi-3 zivame ukuba nezitsha eziningi ezigulayo, okwenza imithwalo yegazi ibe yinto evamile.)
Izimpawu
Iziguli ezinalesi simo zingase zibe nazo iminyaka ezincane noma zingekho izimpawu. Njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, ungase uthole okulandelayo:
- umbono ongenalutho
- umbono ohlanekeziwe
- ukulahlekelwa kombono ophakathi
- ukweqa izinhlamvu noma amagama
Ukuxilongwa
Ukuxilongwa kwe-telangiectasia ye-macular kwenziwa ngokuqala kokuhlolwa kwelanga . Udokotela wakho wezandla uzokwenza uhlolo lwe-Amsler Grid ukuze anqume ukuthi zikhona yini izindawo eziphambene embonweni wakho ophakathi. Abafundi bakho bazohlanjululwa ngamaconsi ehlokisiwe ahloselwe amehlo ukuze i-macula ne-retina ibonakale. Angase athathe nezithombe ze-digital retinal. Uhlolo olukhethekile lwamajoyi okuthiwa i-fluorescein angiography lungenziwa futhi ukuze ubone ukuthi igazi lijikeleza kanjani ngaphakathi kwe-retina. Okokugcina, udokotela wakho uzokwenza i- optical coherence tomography (OCT), indlela esanda kuthuthukiswa yokuhlaziya isakhiwo kanye nesimo somzimba se-macular endaweni.
Kubalulekile ukuthi ungadideli lesi sifo ngokuguqulwa kwe-macular yobudala . Nakuba izimpawu zingafana, zivela ezicini ezihlukahlukene.
Ukwelapha
Ngenxa yokuthi i-telangiectasia ye-macular ibhekwa njengesimo esingavamile, kusekhona okuningi esingakuqondi ngokugcwele. Siyazi ukuthi ezinye iziguli zingadinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela futhi zingase zingadingi ukwelashwa nhlobo. Uma imithwalo yegazi iqala ukuvuza amanzi futhi idale ukuvuvukala nokudabuka, odokotela bangasebenzisa ukwelashwa kwelasi ukusiza ukukhulula ukuvuvukala nokunciphisa ukucindezeleka.
I-steroids ngezinye izikhathi isetshenziselwa ukuqeda ukuvuvukala, futhi izidakamizwa ezintsha, ezinjenge-anti-VEGF (izidakamizwa zokugcina izidakamizwa zokugcina izidakamizwa), zisetshenziselwa ukuyeka ukukhula kwegazi okungavamile.
Uhlelo lwe-MacTel
Kukhona ucwaningo lwezokwelapha olubizwa ngokuthi i-MacTel project. Isizathu sale phrojekthi wukuthi isimo ngempela sikhulunywe kuphela eminyakeni engu-25 edlule futhi akukho ulwazi oluningi olusha esimweni. Ngenxa yokuthi isifo esingavamile, ngokuvamile siphuthelwa odokotela bamehlo. Kuthemba ukuthi iphrojekthi ye-MacTel izokhipha ukukhanya okusha ngezici zayo zomtholampilo, izakhi zofuzo, ukuqwashisa, ukwelashwa okusha nokusekelwa kwabantu abanesifo.
Abafundi abangamakhulu amane babhalisiwe futhi bahlolwa njalo ngonyaka, nezihlobo zabahlanganyeli zihlolwa.