Okudingeka Ukwazi
Uma uhlela ukuba negazi, ungase ukhathazeke ngezingozi ezihlobene nokwamukela igazi elinikeziwe. Ngenkathi izingozi zingaphansi, futhi ukunikezwa kwegazi e-United States kuphephile kakhulu, kunezingozi njalo ezihambisana nokumpontshelwa igazi.
Ukuhlolwa okujulile kusiza ukuvimbela ukudluliselwa kwezifo ezithathelwanayo; Kodwa-ke, kunezingozi ezengeziwe okumelwe zicatshangelwe uma kucatshangelwa ukuthelelwa igazi.
Lezi zingozi, ezinye zazo ezingathí sina, kumele zilinganiswe ngokukhathazeka kwezempilo ezingabangelwa ukungabi namanzi noma amaseli egazi, njenge-anemia ne-hypovolemia.
I-allergic (i-Hemolytic) Ukuthintana negazi
Ukusabela okweqile, okuyaziwa nangokuthi ukusabela kwe-hemolytic, kuyindlela yokusabela ekuphathweni kwegazi lomnikelo. Izinyathelo zithathwa ukuvimbela ukusabela okunzima, ngokuqala ngezinqubo zelabhu ezisiza ukuvimbela ukuphathwa kwegazi okungase kubangele inkinga.
Ukusabela kwe-hemolytic kwenzeka lapho amasosha omzimba wesiguli esithola ukumpontshelwa igazi ebulala amangqamuzana abomvu egazi. Ngesikhathi sokuphatha, izinqubo ezingeziwe zingasetshenziswa ukunciphisa amathuba okuphendula ngokumpontshelwa igazi, kufaka phakathi ukunikeza igazi kancane kancane, ukuze noma yikuphi ukusabela kungacatshangelwa ngaphambi kokuba kutholakale igazi elikhulu, futhi kuqaphelisise noma yiziphi izimpawu zobunzima .
Ubukhulu bokuphendula kanye nemiphumela yokungaziniki igazi kuyonquma ukuthi igazi lizoqhubeka yini linikezwe noma uma ukumpontshelwa kuzomiswa. I-Benadryl, iTylenol noma ezinye izidakamizwa zobuhlungu, ama-antihistamine noma ama-steroid anganikezwa ukuma noma ukunciphisa ukusabela ekumpomeni.
Kwezinye izimo, isiguli esaziwa ukuthi siyasabela ekumpomeni kwegazi sinikezwa ukumpompela noma kunjalo.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ingozi yokuphendula ingaphansi kwezingozi ezihambisana nokuphuma okungelashwa.
Izimpawu Nezibonakaliso Zokubhekana Ne-Transfer
- I-nausea
- I-Fever : I-fever engazelelwe ngokushesha ngemva kokumpontshelwa kwegazi kungase kube isibonakaliso sokuthi ukuphika kwegazi kuyasondela. Ukushisa kwesiguli kumele ngaso sonke isikhathi kuthathwe ngaphambi kokumpontshelwa.
- Ukukhathazeka: Isiguli singase sibe nomuzwa wokulahlwa noma ukwesaba lapho isenzo esibhekene nesifo sofuzo sezokwenzeka.
- I-Tachycardia: Ngokushesha kunokulinganisa kwenhliziyo evamile ngaphambi kokuphendula, ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izimpawu ezibalulekile zithathwa ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuphathwa kwegazi.
- I-hypotension: Ukucindezeleka kwegazi kuphansi kunokwejwayelekile kwezinye izimo zokuphendula igazi.
- Ubuhlungu: Ubuhlungu be-chest nobuhlungu bomhlane buyimpawu ezingavamile zokuphendula.
- I-Dyspnea : Kunzima ukuphefumula kungabonakala ekusebenziseni okukhulu.
- Ukukhubazeka kwezinso: Izinso zingase zibe nenkinga yokuhlunga igazi ngenxa yenani lamaseli efile ahlaselwa yisistimu yomzimba.
- I-Urine Yamanzi: Kanye nokukhubazeka kwezinso, umchamo wesiguli ungabonisa ubufakazi begazi elidlule izinso.
- Ubuhlungu be-Flank: Ukukhubazeka kwezinso kungaba buhlungu futhi kuveza ubuhlungu be-flank.
- Ingozi Ekhulayo Yokwelashwa: Uma i-blood donor yakho igula lapho inikela noma igule maduzane ngemuva kwalokho, ingozi yakho yokutheleleka yanda. Ingozi yakho iphakeme uma amasosha omzimba wakho ehlaselwa noma uma ugula kakhulu.
- Ukufa: Okungavamile kakhulu, kodwa kungenzeka, uma ukusabela kwe-hemolytic kunzima ngokwanele.
Izifo Zisakaza Ngegazi Lokudluliswa
Idamu legazi lomnikelo lihlolwe ngokucophelela izifo ezithathelwanayo futhi liphephile kakhulu . Kodwa-ke, kunethuba elincane kakhulu lokuthola izifo ezisongela ukuphila ezivela egazini lomnikelo. Kukhona nethuba elincane lokuthola ezinye izifo noma izifo ezivela ekumpomeni igazi.
I-National Heart, i-Lung ne-Blood Institute inqume ukuthi cishe ku-1 ku-2,000,000 ithuba lokuthola i-Hepatitis C noma i-HIV ekufakeni igazi. Kukhona ithuba elilodwa eliyi-205,000 lokuthola i-Hepatitis B.
Yize kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele izingozi zokugonywa, kubalulekile ukugcina lezi zinkinga ngendlela efanele. Isibonelo, unamathuba amane okubulawa ngaphezulu nge-asteroid kunokuba uthola i-HIV noma i-Hepatitis C ngokusebenzisa ukumpontshelwa igazi.
Izifo Ezingasakazwa Ngegazi Lokudluliswa
- Ukufelwa kwe-Lung Okubangelwa Ukulimala (TRALI): Ngamahora ngemva kokumpontshelwa, ukuphefumula kanzima, ukucindezela kwegazi okuphansi, umkhuhlane ukhona, futhi i-x-ray yesifuba izobonisa ukuthi i-pulmonary igxile. Isiguli singaba nzima kakhulu ukuthola umoya okwanele ezimweni ezimbi. Lokhu kutholakala kuyinto engavamile, kodwa abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi akutholakali ukuthi bayaphila futhi empeleni kwenzeka okweyodwa kuwo wonke ama-300-5,000 okumpompela, futhi kuyisizathu sesithathu esibangela ukufa okubangelwa ukumpontshelwa igazi, kuye ngokucwaninga.
- I-Creutzfeldt-Jakob Izifo (CJD): Isifo esiyinto engavamile kakhulu ebuchosheni esilingana nobuntu besifo sezinkomo. Ingozi yokuthola i-CJD iphansi kakhulu, kodwa kungenzeka uma umnikezeli enesifo.
- I-Malaria: Ngokuvamile isakazwa yizinyosi, ingozi yokuthola i-malaria iphansi emazweni lapho ukushaywa i-malaria kungavamile. Ingozi ikhulu kakhulu ezindaweni zomhlaba, njenge-Afrika, lapho i-malaria ijwayele ukutholakala khona. I-Malaria ibangela ukushisa, ukuzamazama ukugwinya, ukuphazamiseka kwegazi, ukuhlukunyezwa kwemisipha kanye nezinhlungu.
- I-Cytomegalovirus (CMV): Igciwane elivame kakhulu, likhona kubantu abangaba ngu-80%. Izimpawu ezinjenge-flu zingase zibe khona uma othile ethatha i-CMV, noma angabonakali. Abantu abanamasosha omzimba abonakele bangathola igazi elihlolwe i-CMV.
- I-Babesiosis ne-Lyme Izifo: Ukusabalala ngomuthi, zonke izimo zenza ukukhathala okungapheli . I-Babesiosis ifana ne-malaria, iveza nge-fever, igubha izikhukhula kanye nokuphazamiseka kwegazi. I-Lyme ivame kakhulu eduze nezindawo ezikhuni lapho abantu behamba khona, i-Babesiosis ivame kakhulu ngaseLong Island e-United States.
- I-Chagas: Isifo esasakazwa yizidumbu, i-Chagas ivame kakhulu eMexico, eMelika Ephakathi naseNingizimu Melika. Ngakwesokunxele, kungabangela ukulimala komzimba, kodwa imithi itholakala ngeCenter For Disease Control.
- I-Syphilis: Ukugula okujwayelekile kakhulu okusakazwa ngokuxhumana kocansi, i-syphilis idala izilonda ezifweni zangasese futhi ngezinye izikhathi emlonyeni. I-syphilis ilashwa kalula kepha ingabangela izinkinga zempilo ezibucayi uma zishiywa phambili ngaphandle kwemithi.
- I-Epstein Barr (EBV): Enye ye-herpes virus, i-EBV ikholakala ukuthi ikhona emizimbeni yabantu abangaba ngu-95%. Uma i-EBV ingenwe yinkinga yomsana, ingozi yokuthuthukisa i-mono, noma yokugula, isinganiselwa ku-30-50%.
- I-Herpes: Nakuba izifo eziningi zibangelwa umndeni we-herpes wamagciwane, iningi labantu lisho i-herpes yesisu uma besebenzisa leli gama. Leli gciwane lidala izilonda ezincelweni zomzimba kanye nezilonda ezibandayo emlonyeni.
Izwi elivela
Ukunikezwa kwegazi e-United States kuphephe ngokweqile, futhi amathuba okuthola igazi elingcolile aphansi kakhulu. Lokho akusho ukuthi kungenzeka ukuphendula ngegazi elinikeziwe, inkinga ngezinye izikhathi ezimbi ezibangelwa umzimba ukukhomba igazi njengezinye izizwe, naphezu kokuba uhlobo olufanayo lwegazi. Ukusabela okungenzeka kwenzeke kumuntu oye waba nakho esikhathini esidlule, ngakho qiniseka ukuthi wazisa abahlinzeki bakho bezempilo uma uke wabhekana nokuphendula nge-hemolytic ngesikhathi sokumpontshelwa kwangaphambilini.
> Imithombo:
> I-Malaria nokumpompela igazi. Ikhishi le-AD, i-PL ye-Chiodini. I-National Blood Service, eLondon, UK
> I-Red Blood Cell Transfusion kanye neNosocomial Infection Rates. Robert W. Taylor, MD, FCCM, Lisa Manganaro, RN, Jacklyn O'Brien, RN, Steven J. Trottier, MD, FCCM, Nadeem Parkar, MD, Christopher Veremakis, MD.
> Izingozi Zokufa. LiveScience.
> Ukusabela kwe-Transfusion - Hemolytic. I-Medline Plus.